HMCSHawkesbury

	HMCSHawkesbury
History
Canada
Name	HMCSHawkesbury
Namesake	Hawkesbury, Ontario
Ordered	April 1942
Builder	Morton Engineering and Dry Dock Co.,Quebec City
Laid down	20 July 1943
Launched	16 November 1943
Commissioned	14 June 1944
Decommissioned	10 June 1945
Identification	Pennant number:K415
Honours and; awards	Atlantic 1944–45
Fate	Sold for mercantile use 1950, scrapped 1956
General characteristics
Class and type	Flower-classcorvette(modified)
Displacement	1,015long tons(1,031 t; 1,137 short tons)
Length	208 ft (63.40 m)o/a
Beam	33 ft (10.06 m)
Draught	11 ft (3.35 m)
Propulsion	single shaft; 2 × oil fired water tube boilers; 1 triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine; 2,750 ihp (2,050 kW);
Speed	16 knots (29.6 km/h)
Range	7,400 nautical miles (13,705 km) at 10 knots (18.5 km/h)
Complement	90
Sensors and; processing systems	1 Type 271 SW2C radar; 1 Type 144 sonar;
Armament	1 × 4 in (102 mm)QF Mk XIX naval gun; 1 ×2-pounderMk.VIII single "pom-pom"; 2 ×20 mmOerlikon single; 1 ×Hedgehog A/S mortar; 4 × Mk.II depth charge throwers; 2 × depth charge rails with 70 depth charges;

HMCSHawkesburywas a modifiedFlower-class corvettethat served with theRoyal Canadian Navyduring theSecond World War.She fought primarily in theBattle of the Atlanticas a convoy escort. She was named forHawkesbury, Ontario.

Background

Flower-class corvettes likeHawkesburyserving with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were different from earlier and more traditional sail-driven corvettes.^[2]^[3]^[4]The "corvette" designation was created by the French as a class of small warships; the Royal Navy borrowed the term for a period but discontinued its use in 1877.^[5]During the hurried preparations for war in the late 1930s,Winston Churchillreactivated the corvette class, needing a name for smaller ships used in an escort capacity, in this case based on awhaling shipdesign.^[6]The generic name "flower" was used to designate the class of these ships, which – in the Royal Navy – were named after flowering plants.^[7]

Corvettes commissioned by the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were named after communities for the most part, to better represent the people who took part in building them. This idea was put forth by AdmiralPercy W. Nelles.Sponsors were commonly associated with the community for which the ship was named. Royal Navy corvettes were designed as open sea escorts, while Canadian corvettes were developed for coastal auxiliary roles which was exemplified by their minesweeping gear. Eventually the Canadian corvettes would be modified to allow them to perform better on the open seas.^[8]

Construction

Hawkesburywas ordered April 1942 as part of the 1942-43 modified Flower-class building programme. This programme was known as the Increased Endurance (IE). Many changes were made, all from lessons that had been learned in previous versions of the Flower-class. The bridge was made a full deck higher and built to naval standards instead of the more civilian-like bridges of previous versions. The platform for the 4-inch main gun was raised to minimize the amount of spray over it and to provide a better field of fire. It was also connected to the wheelhouse by a wide platform that was now the base for theHedgehoganti-submarine mortar that this version was armed with. Along with the new Hedgehog, this version got the newQF 4-inch Mk XIXmain gun, which was semi-automatic, used fixed ammunition and had the ability to elevate higher giving it ananti-aircraftability.^[8]

Other superficial changes to this version include an upright funnel and pressurized boiler rooms which eliminated the need for hooded ventilators around the base of the funnel. This changes the silhouette of the corvette and made it more difficult for submariners to tell which way the corvette was laying.^[8]

Hawkesburywas laid down byMorton Engineering and Dry Dock Co.atQuebec City,Quebec 20 July 1943 and was launched 16 November 1943. She was commissioned into the Royal Canadian Navy 14 June 1944 at Quebec.^[9]Due to her late arrival into the warHawkesburynever had a refit.^[10]

Service history

After workupsHawkesburyjoined theMid-Ocean Escort Forceas a trans-Atlantic convoy escort. She was assigned to escort group C-7 in September 1944. She served with the group for the rest of the war. She returned to Canada in June 1945.^[10]

Hawkesburywaspaid offatSydney, Nova Scotia10 July 1945. She was transferred to the War Assets Corporation and laid up atSorel, Quebec.She was sold for mercantile conversion and reappeared in 1950 asCampucheaunder aCambodianflag. In December 1956 she was broken up atHong Kongby Hong Kong Chiap Hua Manufactory Co.^[10]^[11]The ship's bell that was used during her service with the Royal Canadian Navy was donated to her namesake town of Hawkesbury as part of the Canadian Naval Centennial.^[12]

Notes

^"Battle Honours".Britain's Navy.Retrieved14 September2013.
^Ossian, Robert."Complete List of Sailing Vessels".The Pirate King.Retrieved13 April2011.
^Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. (1978).The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons & Warfare.Vol. 11. London: Phoebus. pp. 1137–1142.
^Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II.New Jersey: Random House. 1996. p.68.ISBN 0-517-67963-9.
^Blake, Nicholas; Lawrence, Richard (2005).The Illustrated Companion to Nelson's Navy.Stackpole Books. pp. 39–63.ISBN 0-8117-3275-4.
^Chesneau, Roger; Gardiner, Robert (June 1980).Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946.Naval Institute Press. p. 62.ISBN 0-87021-913-8.
^Milner, Marc (1985).North Atlantic Run.Naval Institute Press. pp. 117–119, 142–145, 158, 175–176, 226, 235, 285–291.ISBN 0-87021-450-0.
^^a ^b ^cMacpherson, Ken; Milner, Marc (1993).Corvettes of the Royal Canadian Navy 1939–1945.St. Catharines: Vanwell Publishing.ISBN 1-55125-052-7.
^"HMCSHawkesbury(K 415) ".Uboat.net.Retrieved14 September2013.
^^a ^b ^cMacpherson, Ken; Burgess, John (1981).The ships of Canada's naval forces 1910–1981: a complete pictorial history of Canadian warships.Toronto: Collins. p. 96.ISBN 0-00216-856-1.
^"Hawkesbury(6118184) ".Miramar Ship Index.Retrieved15 July2016.
^Lahaie, Lianne (9 April 2010)."War ship named in honour of Hawkesbury".The Review.Archived fromthe originalon 14 September 2013.Retrieved14 September2013.

External links

Hazegray."Revised Flower Class".Canadian Navy of Yesterday and Today.Retrieved14 September2013.
Ready, Aye, Ready."HMCS Hawkesbury".Retrieved14 September2013.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Britain-1] "Battle Honours".Britain's Navy.Retrieved14 September2013.

[2] Ossian, Robert."Complete List of Sailing Vessels".The Pirate King.Retrieved13 April2011.

[3] Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. (1978).The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons & Warfare.Vol. 11. London: Phoebus. pp. 1137–1142.

[Jane-4] Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II.New Jersey: Random House. 1996. p.68.ISBN 0-517-67963-9.

[5] Blake, Nicholas; Lawrence, Richard (2005).The Illustrated Companion to Nelson's Navy.Stackpole Books. pp. 39–63.ISBN 0-8117-3275-4.

[6] Chesneau, Roger; Gardiner, Robert (June 1980).Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946.Naval Institute Press. p. 62.ISBN 0-87021-913-8.

[Milner-7] Milner, Marc (1985).North Atlantic Run.Naval Institute Press. pp. 117–119, 142–145, 158, 175–176, 226, 235, 285–291.ISBN 0-87021-450-0.

[Macpherson2-8] Macpherson, Ken; Milner, Marc (1993).Corvettes of the Royal Canadian Navy 1939–1945.St. Catharines: Vanwell Publishing.ISBN 1-55125-052-7.

[uboat-9] "HMCSHawkesbury(K 415) ".Uboat.net.Retrieved14 September2013.

[Macpherson-10] Macpherson, Ken; Burgess, John (1981).The ships of Canada's naval forces 1910–1981: a complete pictorial history of Canadian warships.Toronto: Collins. p. 96.ISBN 0-00216-856-1.

[miramar-11] "Hawkesbury(6118184) ".Miramar Ship Index.Retrieved15 July2016.

[Review-12] Lahaie, Lianne (9 April 2010)."War ship named in honour of Hawkesbury".The Review.Archived fromthe originalon 14 September 2013.Retrieved14 September2013.

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