Haplogroup Q-M346

Haplogroup Q-M346
Haplogroup Q-M346
Possible time of origin	24,100-27,900BP
Possible place of origin	Eurasia
Ancestor	Q-MEH2
Descendants	Q-L54,Q-M323
Defining mutations	L56, L57, M346

Haplogroup Q-M346is asubcladeofY-DNA Haplogroup Q.HaplogroupQ-M346 is defined by the presence of the M346Single Nucleotide Polymorphism(SNP).

Origin and distribution

Q-M346 was discovered in Central Asia and announced in Sengupta 2006.^[2]A latter paper suggested that its ancestral state was isolated to India,^[3]but this has since been refuted by its presence in West Asia,^[4]Europe^{[citation needed]}and the Americas.^[5]

Asia

Q-M346 has a wide distribution across much of Asia.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

Population	Paper	N	Percentage	SNP Tested
Altaians(Russia -Siberia)	Malyarchuk 2011^[6]	23/89	~25.8%	M346
Khakassians(Russia -Siberia)	Malyarchuk 2011^[6]	4/64	~6.3%	M346
Todjins(Russia -Siberia)	Malyarchuk 2011^[6]	10/26	~38.5%	M346
Tuvinians(Russia -Siberia)	Malyarchuk 2011^[6]	41/108	~38.0%	M346
Soyot/Sojots (Russia -Siberia)	Malyarchuk 2011^[6]	2/28	~7.1%	M346
Kalmyks	Malyarchuk 2011^[6]	1/60	~1.7%	M346
Halba	Sengupta 2006^[2]	1/21	~4.76%	M346
Makrani	Sengupta 2006^[2]	1/20	~5.00%	M346
Pathan	Sengupta 2006^[2]	2/21	~5.00%	M346
Brahmin(Uttar Pradesh, India)	Sengupta 2006^[2]	1/14	~7.14%	M346
Vellalar(South India)	Sengupta 2006^[2]	1/31	~3.23%	M346
Pakistan	Abu-Amero 2009^[7]	3/176	~1.70%	M346
Kazakhs(Southwest Altai)	Dulik 2011^[8]	1/30	~3.33%	M346
Chelkan(Russia -Siberia)	Dulik 2012^[9]	15/25	~60.00%	M346
[[Tubalar] Russia -Siberia]	Dulik 2012^[9]	10/27	~37.00%	M346

The Americas

In the Americas, the founding paternal lineages include those who are Q-M346 but do not belong to the Q-M3 lineage.^[5]^[10]

Population	Paper	N	Percentage	SNP Tested
Enxet	Bailliet 2009^[5]	7/24	~29.20%	M346
Ayoreo	Bailliet 2009^[5]	2/9	~22.20%	M346
Wichi	Bailliet 2009^[5]	1/120	~0.80%	M346
Mocovi	Bailliet 2009^[5]	2/40	~5.00%	M346
Mapuche	Bailliet 2009^[5]	1/26	~3.80%	M346
Salta	Bailliet 2009^[5]	3/72	~4.80%	M346
Cordoba	Bailliet 2009^[5]	1/156	~0.60%	M346
Huilliche	Bailliet 2009^[5]	1/26	~3.80%	M346
La Paz	Bailliet 2009^[5]	1/29	~3.40%	M346
Tarija	Bailliet 2009^[5]	4/72	~5.50%	M346

Associated SNPs

Q-M346 is marked by the presence of the M346 SNP. Since the discovery of M346 several additional SNPs have been found to also be associated with Q-M346. These SNP's include: L56 and L57. These SNPs appear to be "parallel" to M346.^[1]

Subgroups

This is Thomas Krahn's—of the Genomic Research Center—draft tree,Proposed Tree,for haplogroup Q-M346. The first three levels of subclades are shown. Additional detail is provided on the linked branch article pages.^[1]

Q-MEH2MEH2,L472, L528
- Q-M346M346, L56, L57, L474, L892, L942
  - Q-M323M323
  - Q-L717L717,L718
  - Q-L940L940
    - Q-L527L527, L529, L639
    - Q-L933L933, L938, L941
  - Q-L53L53,L55, L213, L331, L475, L476
    - Q-L54L54

References

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eKrahn, Thomas."FTDNA Draft Y-DNA Tree (AKA YTree)".ytree.ftdna.com.Family Tree DNA.Archived fromthe originalon 2015-08-15.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^fSengupta, Sanghamitra; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; Mitra, Mitashree; Sil, Samir K. (2006)."Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists".The American Journal of Human Genetics.78(2): 202–21.doi:10.1086/499411.PMC1380230.PMID 16400607.
^Sharma, Swarkar; Rai, Ekta; Bhat, Audesh K; Bhanwer, Amarjit S; Bamezai, Rameshwar NK (2007)."A novel subgroup Q5 of human Y-chromosomal haplogroup Q in India".BMC Evolutionary Biology.7(1): 232.Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7..232S.doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-232.PMC2258157.PMID 18021436.
^Abu-Amero, Khaled K; Hellani, Ali; González, Ana M; Larruga, Jose M; Cabrera, Vicente M; Underhill, Peter A (2009)."Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions".BMC Genetics.10:59.doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59.PMC2759955.PMID 19772609.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^lBailliet, Graciela; Ramallo, Virginia; Muzzio, Marina; García, Angelina; Santos, María R.; Alfaro, Emma L.; Dipierri, José E.; Salceda, Susana; Carnese, Francisco R. (2009). "Brief communication: Restricted geographic distribution for Y-Q* paragroup in South America".American Journal of Physical Anthropology.140(3): 578–82.doi:10.1002/ajpa.21133.PMID 19591214.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gMalyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Maksimov, Arkady; Wozniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Dambueva, Irina; Zakharov, Ilya (2011)."Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a".Journal of Human Genetics.56(8): 583–8.doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.64.PMID 21677663.
^^a ^bK. Abu-Amero, Khaled; et al. (2009)."Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions".BMC Genetics.10:59.doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59.PMC2759955.PMID 19772609.
^^a ^bDulik, Matthew C.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Schurr, Theodore G. (2011). Kayser, Manfred (ed.)."Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions".PLOS ONE.6(3): e17548.Bibcode:2011PLoSO...617548D.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017548.PMC3055870.PMID 21412412.
^^a ^b ^cDulik, Matthew C.; Zhadanov, Sergey I.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Askapuli, Ayken; Gau, Lydia; Gokcumen, Omer; Rubinstein, Samara; Schurr, Theodore G. (2012)."Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians".The American Journal of Human Genetics.90(2): 229–46.doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014.PMC3276666.PMID 22281367.
^Bisso-Machado, Rafael; Jota, Marilza S.; Ramallo, Virginia; Paixão-Côrtes, Vanessa R.; Lacerda, Daniela R.; Salzano, Francisco M.; Bonatto, Sandro L.; Santos, Fabrício R.; Bortolini, Maria Cátira (2011). "Distribution of Y-chromosome q lineages in native americans".American Journal of Human Biology.23(4): 563–6.doi:10.1002/ajhb.21173.PMID 21544893.S2CID 8730722.

External links

The Y-DNA Haplogroup Q Project

[vanOven2014-11] Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome".Human Mutation.35(2): 187–91.doi:10.1002/humu.22468.PMID 24166809.S2CID 23291764.

[ISOGG2015-12] International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015),Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015.(Access date: 1 February 2015.)

[A0-T-13] Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).

[A1-14] Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.

[F-Y27277-15] F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.

[LT-16] Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.

[K2-17] Between 2002 and 2008,Haplogroup T-M184was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned toK-M526,the sibling of Haplogroup LT.

[K2b-18] Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.

[K2b1-19] Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.

[P-20] Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.

[K-M2313-21] K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznikop. cit.;YFull YTree v5.08,2017, "K-M2335",and;PhyloTree,2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree"(Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)

[S-22] Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)

[M-23] Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

[ThomasDraftTree-1] Krahn, Thomas."FTDNA Draft Y-DNA Tree (AKA YTree)".ytree.ftdna.com.Family Tree DNA.Archived fromthe originalon 2015-08-15.

[Sengupta2006-2] Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; Mitra, Mitashree; Sil, Samir K. (2006)."Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists".The American Journal of Human Genetics.78(2): 202–21.doi:10.1086/499411.PMC1380230.PMID 16400607.

[Sharma2007-3] Sharma, Swarkar; Rai, Ekta; Bhat, Audesh K; Bhanwer, Amarjit S; Bamezai, Rameshwar NK (2007)."A novel subgroup Q5 of human Y-chromosomal haplogroup Q in India".BMC Evolutionary Biology.7(1): 232.Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7..232S.doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-232.PMC2258157.PMID 18021436.

[Abu-Amero2007-4] Abu-Amero, Khaled K; Hellani, Ali; González, Ana M; Larruga, Jose M; Cabrera, Vicente M; Underhill, Peter A (2009)."Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions".BMC Genetics.10:59.doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59.PMC2759955.PMID 19772609.

[Bailliet2009-5] ^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^lBailliet, Graciela; Ramallo, Virginia; Muzzio, Marina; García, Angelina; Santos, María R.; Alfaro, Emma L.; Dipierri, José E.; Salceda, Susana; Carnese, Francisco R. (2009). "Brief communication: Restricted geographic distribution for Y-Q* paragroup in South America".American Journal of Physical Anthropology.140(3): 578–82.doi:10.1002/ajpa.21133.PMID 19591214.

[Malyarchuk2011-6] ^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gMalyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Maksimov, Arkady; Wozniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Dambueva, Irina; Zakharov, Ilya (2011)."Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a".Journal of Human Genetics.56(8): 583–8.doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.64.PMID 21677663.

[Abu-Amero2009-7] K. Abu-Amero, Khaled; et al. (2009)."Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions".BMC Genetics.10:59.doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59.PMC2759955.PMID 19772609.

[Dulik2011-8] Dulik, Matthew C.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Schurr, Theodore G. (2011). Kayser, Manfred (ed.)."Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions".PLOS ONE.6(3): e17548.Bibcode:2011PLoSO...617548D.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017548.PMC3055870.PMID 21412412.

[Dulik2012-9] Dulik, Matthew C.; Zhadanov, Sergey I.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Askapuli, Ayken; Gau, Lydia; Gokcumen, Omer; Rubinstein, Samara; Schurr, Theodore G. (2012)."Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians".The American Journal of Human Genetics.90(2): 229–46.doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014.PMC3276666.PMID 22281367.

[Bisso-Machado2011-10] Bisso-Machado, Rafael; Jota, Marilza S.; Ramallo, Virginia; Paixão-Côrtes, Vanessa R.; Lacerda, Daniela R.; Salzano, Francisco M.; Bonatto, Sandro L.; Santos, Fabrício R.; Bortolini, Maria Cátira (2011). "Distribution of Y-chromosome q lineages in native americans".American Journal of Human Biology.23(4): 563–6.doi:10.1002/ajhb.21173.PMID 21544893.S2CID 8730722.

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