Hassan Gouled Aptidon

His Excellency Hassan Gouled Aptidon
حسن جوليد ابتيدون
Gouled Aptidon in 1977
1stPresident of Djibouti
In office 27 June 1977 – 8 May 1999
Prime Minister	Barkat Gourad Hamadou
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
1stPrime Minister of Djibouti
In office 27 June – 12 July 1977
President	Himself
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Ahmed Dini Ahmed
Personal details
Born	(1916-10-15)15 October 1916 Garissa,Lughaya District,British Somaliland
Died	21 November 2006(2006-11-21)(aged 90) Djibouti City,Djibouti
Political party	People's Rally for Progress
Spouse	Aicha Bogoreh(died in 2001)

Hassan Gouled Aptidon(Somali:Xasan Guuleed Abtidoon;Arabic:حسن جوليد أبتيدون;October 15, 1916 – November 21, 2006) was the firstPresident of Djiboutifrom 1977 to 1999.

Biography

He was born in the small village ofGerisain theLughaya districtinBritish Somaliland.He was born into the politically powerful Mamassan subset of theIssa clan.He played an important role in Djibouti's struggle for independence from France. Hassan Gouled began his career in the 1930s as a nurse. He was stationed inDikhilin 1932. He was then an entrepreneur. In 1946, he founded withMahamoud Harbi Farahthe Somali and Dankali Youth Club. They were elected together in 1951 to the Representative Council of the colony, then separated. Hassan Gouled is elected French senator, against Mahmoud Harbi. He remained so from 1952 to 1957. Hassan Gouled campaigned againstMahamoud Harbi Farahof theUnion Republicaineparty,who sought to join the territory with neighboring Somalia. By the time of the 23 November 1958 elections, Mahamoud Harbi's party had disintegrated and with the majority of theAfarvote, his faction won election. Mahamoud Harbi subsequently fled Djibouti, and later died in a plane crash.

Hassan Gouled served as Vice-President of the Government Council from 1958 to April 1959. Hassan Gouled also served in theFrench National Assembly1959-1962 and theFrench Senate1952–1958. He was defeated in parliamentary elections in 1962 by Moussa Ahmed Idriss of theParty of Popular Movement(PMP). In the 1960s, he led theDemocratic Union Issa.It is a signatory to the agreement of Arta in September 1963. He was then education minister in a government led byAli Aref Bourhanfrom 1963 to 1967. He was briefly jailed in July 1967, along with other officials of the PMP (which he had joined in 1965). He was elected to the Territorial Assembly in November 1968 and later became Minister of the Interior.Later he served as the firstPrime Minister of Djiboutibetween May 1977 and July 1977.

Towards independence

In 1974, Hassan Gouled called a vote with the support ofFrançois Mitterrand.He became president of the African People's League for Independence (LPAI) created in February 1975 by the merger of the African People's Union (UPA) and the League for the Future and Order. The General Secretary wasAhmed Dini.

Joint FLCS-LPAI delegation to Kampala in 1976

He became President of the Governing Council on 18 May 1977 and was elected President of the future Republic of Djibouti on 28 May by the Chamber of Deputies. It remained so until 1999. After the attack on the "Zinc Palm" in December 1977, it banned the main opposition party, the MPL, and established a one-party system.

Presidency

In 1981, Hassan Gouled turned the country into aone party stateby declaring that his party, thePeople's Rally for Progress(Rassemblement populaire pour le progrès,RPP), was the sole legal one. As the RPP candidate, he was elected without opposition for a six-year term as President on 12 June 1981, receiving 84.58% of the vote.After the start of theDjiboutian Civil Warin 1991, he allowed for a constitutional referendum on multiparty politics in September 1992, with four parties being permitted. In the parliamentary elections held in December 1992, only two parties competed, and the RPP won all 65 seats in the National Assembly. Gouled was reelected for a fourth term in May 1993 with 60.7% of the vote.

In the 1990s, the Djibouti economy deteriorated dramatically, with net external assets falling by 40 per cent. TheWorld Bankissued "a correspondingly gloomy and highly critical" assessment, mentioning such social problems as the excessive consumption of the addictive and debilitating drugqatby Djibouti's citizens. During this period, Hassan Gouled's nephewIsmaïl Omar Guellehnot only maneuvered to be his successor, but increasingly came to handle affairs for the elderly Hassan Gouled.

On 4 February 1999, Gouled Aptidon announced that he would retire at the time of the next election, and an extraordinary congress of the RPP, the party chose Guelleh as its presidential candidate.Guelleh won thepresidential electionheld in April 1999and succeeded his uncle on 8 May 1999.Gouled Aptidon died at his home on 21 November 2006, aged 90.

Gouled's first wife, formerFirst LadyAicha Bogoreh, a proponent ofwomen's rightsand various charities, died in 2001.He married his second wife after Bogoreh's death.

Honours

Foreign honours

• Malaysia:
  • Honorary Recipient of theOrder of the Crown of the Realm(1998)

External links

• page on the French National Assembly website
• page on the French Senate website