Hemostat
Ahemostat(also called ahemostatic clamp;arterial forceps;andpean,afterJules-Émile Péan) is a tool used to control bleeding duringsurgery.[1]Similar in design to bothpliersandscissors,it is used to clamp exposed blood vessels shut.
Hemostats belong to a group of instruments thatpivot(similar to scissors, and including needle holders, tissue holders, and some other clamps) where the structure of the tip determines the tool's function.
A hemostat has handles that can be held in place by their locking mechanism, which usually is a series of interlocking teeth, a few on each handle, that allow the user to adjust the clamping force of the pliers. When the tips are locked together, the force between them is about 40N(9lbf).
Often in the first phases of surgery, the incision is lined with hemostats on blood vessels that are awaitingligation.
History[edit]
The earliest known drawing of a pivoting surgical instrument dates from 1500 B.C. and is on a tomb atThebes,Egypt.LaterRomanbronze and steel pivot-controlled instruments were found inPompeii.In the ninth century A.D.,Abulcasismade illustrations of pivoting instruments for tooth extraction.[2]
The concept of clamping a bleeding vessel with an instrument before tying it off is generally attributed toGalen,in the second century A.D. This method ofhemostasiswas largely forgotten until it was rediscovered by a French barber-surgeon,Ambroise Paré,in the 16th century. He made the predecessor to the modern hemostat and called it theBec de Corbin(crow's beak). With it he could clamp a bleeding vessel before securing it with aligature.
-
Bec de Corbin -
Pean forceps
Credit for the modern hemostat has been given to several persons, the foremost of whom isJules-Émile Péan.Later surgeons, such asWilliam Halsted,made small changes to the design.
List of hemostats[edit]
- Rankin forceps[3]
- Kelly forceps
- Satinsky clamps
- Kocherforceps
- Crileforceps
- Halsted Mosquito forceps
- Mixter "right angle" forceps[4]
- Spencer Wellsartery forceps (the father of all artery forceps used today)[5]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^N Phillips; P Sedlak (2010).Surgical Instrumentation.Clifton Park, New York: Cengage.
- ^Becker, Marshall Joseph;Turfa, Jean MacIntosh(2017). The Etruscans and the History of Dentistry: The Golden Smile Through the Ages. Taylor & Francis. p. 146.
- ^"Rankin, Fred Wharton".Medical Eponyms.Farlex, Inc. 2012.Retrieved13 October2016.
- ^"Mixter Forceps".Medical Eponyms.Farlex, Inc. 2012.Retrieved13 October2016.
- ^https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co170257/spencer-wells-artery-forceps-artery-forcepsScience Museum Group, "Spencer Wells artery forceps"
Further reading[edit]
- John Kirkup, MD, FRCS,The Evolution of Surgical Instruments- historyofscience.com