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"Honor to Us All"
SongbyBeth Fowler,Marni NixonandLea Salonga
from the albumMulan: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack
ReleasedJune 2, 1998
Recorded1996
Length3:03
LabelWalt Disney
Composer(s)Matthew Wilder
Lyricist(s)David Zippel
Producer(s)Matthew Wilder

"Honor to Us All"is a song written by composerMatthew Wilderand lyricistDavid ZippelforWalt Disney Pictures' animated filmMulan(1998). Recorded by singersBeth Fowler,Marni NixonandLea Salonga,the latter two of whom provide the singing voices of Grandmother Fa andFa Mulan,respectively, the song is acharacter numberperformed by several older Chinese women and female members of Mulan's family as they prepare the main character to be evaluated by the Matchmaker in the scene towards the beginning of the film.

SongwriterStephen Schwartzwas originally enlisted to write the songs forMulan,and had written a song called "China Doll" intended for the scene in which Mulan prepares to meet the Matchmaker. After the songwriter resigned fromMulanin favor of writing songs for rival studioDreamWorks'The Prince of Egypt(1998), Schwartz was ultimately replaced with Wilder and Zippel, who wrote "Honor to Us All" with which to replace "China Doll". Nixon's casting as Grandmother Fa's singing voice ultimately influenced Disney to recast the voice actress who had originally been hired to supply Grandmother Fa's speaking voice with actressJune Foraydue to closer similarities between Nixon's and Foray's voices.

Intended to beironic,"Honor to Us All" features lyrics that instruct Mulan on how to become an ideal bride by emphasizing her physical appearance, remaining obedient to her prospective husband and eventually bearing children. Parodying traditionalgender rolesand cultural expectations of women, "Honor to Us All" has been identified as anEast Asian-influenced song that heavily incorporates Asian instrumentation, more-so than any other musical number in the film. The song's use ofpentatonic scalesandChinese flutesalso help establish the film's setting, as does referencing theChinese tradition of praying to one's ancestors."Honor to Us All" has received mixed reviews fromfilmandmusic critics,who were divided over both the song's quality and intended message.

Background and recording

[edit]
Photograph of American soprano Marni Nixon
Marni Nixonrecorded Grandmother Fa's vocals in "Honor to Us All".

SongwriterStephen Schwartzhad originally been slated to write both the music and lyrics forMulan.He ultimately left the project to write songs for rival studioDreamWorks' animated filmThe Prince of Egypt(1998) after Disney executives forced him to choose between the two.[1][2]Schwartz had completed only two songs forMulanbefore his resignation, one of which was entitled "China Doll" which, according to Schwartz, "more or less corresponds to the scene in the film in which Mulan goes to the Matchmaker".[3][4]Schwartz was eventually replaced by composerMatthew Wilderand lyricistDavid Zippel,who wrote "Honor to Us All" to replace "China Doll".[3]Disney cast American singer and actressMarni Nixon,one of Hollywood's best knownghost singers,as the singing voice of Grandmother Fa, Mulan's paternal grandmother.[5]Nixon received the sheet music for "Honor to Us All" to review prior to auditioning for the role.[6]The filmmakers then showed Nixon a drawing of the character, by whose comedic appearance the singer was immediately "enchanted", telling herself "you've just got to give her a voice... or, in this case, an unvoice."[6]Nixon decided to make the character sound as though she was merely attempting to sing, rather than actually singing, keeping in mind that the elderly character is toothless.[6]Nixon made no effort to sound like the actress who had been cast as Grandmother Fa's speaking voice, at the time,[6]and almost reconsidered auditioning for the role upon realizing how different she sounded from Grandmother Fa's speaking voice actress.[7]

Nixon's approach impressed the studio, and her recording, which took the singer only thirty-two minutes to complete, was ultimately kept.[6]In the score ofMulan,Nixon performs only one verse in the song.[5]Her musical contribution to "Honor to Us All" marked the singer's return to film roles following a lengthy hiatus.[8]Mulanwas also Nixon's first Disney film in 10 years; she had previously performed in the musical filmMary Poppins(1964).[7]Nixon was eventually joined by Broadway performersBeth FowlerandLea Salonga,although the three singers never recorded together.[6]The studio enjoyed Nixon's performance so much that they ultimately decided to recast the actress who had been providing Grandmother Fa's speaking voice at the time with someone who sounded more like Nixon, hiringJune Forayto provide the speaking voice for the role.[6][7]Disney had been considered hiring actressesLauren BacallandJune Havocto record "Honor to Us All" prior to hearing Nixon.[6][9]The songwriters first based "Honor to Us All" on a rough cut they had seen of the scene; the animators eventually synced the animated characters with the singers' voices.[6]

Author Jennifer Fleeger wrote in her bookMismatched Women: The Siren's Song Through the Machine(2014) that the studio's decision to cast Nixon, an American who had previously done similar work as the singing voices of a Puerto Rican and Englishwoman in the musical filmsWest Side Story(1961) andMy Fair Lady(1964), respectively, as an elderly Chinese woman "speaks volumes about the desired singing voices of these supposedly diverse new characters."[5]"Honor to Us All" was one of Nixon's final film performances before her death in 2016.[10]

Context

[edit]

Use inMulan

[edit]

The film's use of "Honor to Us All" has been described as "expository"byBillboard's Andrew Unterberger.[11]Within the context ofMulan,the song both introduces audiences to thetitle characterwhile demonstrating someChinese traditions,[12]revealing that Mulan must initially rely on marriage to "settle her fate" at the beginning of the film.[13]Acharacter piece,"Honor to Us All" is performed by several older Chinese women,[14]including Mulan's mother and grandmother Fa Li and Grandmother Fa, respectively, to Mulan as they prepare to the character to present her to the Matchmaker, hoping that she will be paired with a suitable husband and ultimately uphold their family's heritage.[12]Before Mulan is introduced, the character can be heard reciting the "Final Admonition": "Quiet and demure. Graceful. Polite. Delicate. Refined. Poised. Punctual", values that are later visualized during "Honor to Us All".[15]The musical number is preceded by a scene in which Mulan's father, Fa Zhou, asks his ancestors to help his daughter impress the Matchmaker, and decides that more prayer is required upon realizing that Mulan is already late for her appointment.[16]Meanwhile, Fa Li is growing impatient waiting for her daughter to arrive at the villagebathhouse,regretting not having prayed to her ancestors herself earlier that morning, to which Grandmother Fa responds "How lucky can they be? They're dead."[16]Preparations begin once Mulan arrives onhorseback.[16]

Throughout the musical sequence, Mulan is taken to various shops and stores in the village,[17]in which several women take turns painstakingly bathing, dressing and applying makeup to the character,[17]one of whom compares her to a "sow's ear".[18]Mulan tries her best to remain calm and demure throughout the entire process while learning about the requirements for being a girl who honors her family,[17][19]as her mother and grandmother give her a makeover.[20]The women advise Mulan that she will successfully find a husband by focusing on her physical appearance and striving to be an obedient housewife,[21]instructing her thatprimpingis a key ingredient in their "recipe for instant bride" and teaching her that marrying well is the only way for a girl to honor her family.[14][19]She is told that maintaining her manners and physical appearance will assist her with finding a husband and ultimately bringing honor to her family.[22]The song also reinforces the idea that the best way for Mulan to impress her futurein-lawsis by serving them tea and eventually giving birth to a son,[19]teaching Mulan that men want a wife who is calm while boasting an attractive hairstyle and waistline.[16]At times Mulan does resist her transformation, appearing to look uncomfortable in her own body.[17]Salon's Jenn Shreve described Mulan as "clumsy in her woman's body, caught in that awkward limbo where the body belongs to an adult but the child inside hasn't quite caught up."[23]In an effort to make her granddaughter even more appealing, Grandmother Fa bestows traditional Chinese gifts upon her.[5]The sequence also features aprayerfrom Mulan to her ancestors, during which she asks that they help her not disappoint them or herself,[12]reminding herself that failure to conform to society's expectations of her as a young woman will ultimately result in "uproot[ing] herfamily tree."[22]

Towards the end of the scene after her makeover has finally been completed, Mulan stumbles through the marketplace to join a line of several young women, nearly identical to each other, who are also waiting to be evaluated by the Matchmaker; Mulan struggles to accept the idea that she is expected look and behave exactly like them.[17]In the song, the girls demonstrate their understanding of the consequences should they fail to impress the Matchmaker by equating the character to anundertaker,meaning they believe disappointing her is "more powerful than death itself".[17]A "playful rendition" of "Honor to Us All" can be heard during composerJerry Goldsmith's "Suite from Mulan" score, which was released as a track on the film's soundtrack.[24]

Interpretations

[edit]

Similar to Disney'sAladdin(1992) andPocahontas(1995) before it,Mulanbegins with an opening song that establishes the film's location, setting and cultural characteristics, in this case "Honor to Us All".[5]According toRogerEbert.com's Soren Hough, the song "establish[es] a genderedsocial hierarchyfor its title character to rebel against. "[22]"Honor to Us All" attempts to deconstruct the idea that women are only good for looking attractive and getting married.[25]According toDiversity in Disney Films: Critical Essays on Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexuality and Disability(2013) author Johnson Cheu, the power of the Matchmaker's decision "emphasizes the necessity of heterosexualapprobationin order to secure a place in society. "[17]The musical number highlights Mulan's greatest dilemma; her own individuality constantly contradicts against society's expectations of young women.[19]Consequence of Sound's Dominick Suzanne-Mayer cited "Honor to Us All" as an example of Mulan spending a significant portion of the film at the mercy of other characters, framing "her preparation rituals for courtship as a gauntlet of demands from... her entire village" while "instructing her about how important it is for her to be complacent and attentive."[18]

Tim Brayton, writing for the film review website Alternate Ending, believes that the song is intended to demonstrate "the idea thatImperial Chinawas founded on unusually strongpatriarchal principles".[26]Author Phyllis Frus, writing in her bookBeyond Adaptation: Essays on Radical Transformations of Original Works(2010), observed that the musical number offers examples of women and men occupying differentroles in society:"a man fights for his country, whereas a woman gives birth to sons."[19]The New York Times'sJanet Maslinbelieves that scene's images of girls playing with dolls while boys play swords are used to show viewers "how wrongly and repressively [Mulan] is being treated" during "Honor to Us All".[13]According to Sputnikmusic's Irving Tan, the song "opens and recounts the massive struggle that girls in theHan Dynastyhad to face due to the repressive cultural norms of that age. "[27]Writing in his bookDiversity in Disney Films: Critical Essays on Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexuality and Disability,author Johnson Cheu observed that every ideal characteristic of femininity described by the characters during the scene are "fabricated rather than natural", none of which are naturally associated with Mulan's gender but instead resemble "culturally constructed markers of femininity" that girls are forced to assume once they transition into womanhood.[17]According to the bookEast-West Identities: Globalization, Localization, and Hybridization(2007), "Honor to Us All" helps establish Mulan as atomboy.[28]Hough Believes that "feminine-centric songs" that appear during the beginning of the film, such as "Honor to Us All", are eventually abandoned and replaced by more masculine numbers to indicate that Mulan "has become, as far as the audience is concerned, 'a man.'"[22]

Music and lyrics

[edit]

According to the song's official sheet music, "Honor to Us All" was written incommon timein the key ofC major.It is performed at a "very quick" tempo of 168beats per minute,[29][30]lasting a total duration of three minutes and three seconds.[31]The singers' vocals span nearly two octaves, fromA3toE5.[29]More similar in style to songs usually featured inBroadway musicalsthan animated films,[32]"Honor to Us All" makes the most use of "ethnic instrumentation"out of all of the songs on the film's soundtrack,[21]remaining distinctive in terms of its style, instrumentation, themes discussing cultural expectations of women, and vocal arrangements.[33]The performance is influenced by traditionalEast Asian music.[11]The Disney Song Encyclopediaauthor Thomas S. Hischak identified "Honor to Us All" as an "Oriental-flavored number" that features "a trace of Asian sound" courtesy of Wilder and Zippel's songwriting and Fowler and Nixon's performances,[12]the latter of whom sings using a "liltingsoprano".[34]In Nixon's verse, Grandma Fa bestows traditional Chinese gifts upon Mulan that are intended to make her more appealing to a man,[5]which is followed by a prayer performed solo by Salonga.[12]Instrumentally, "Honor to Us All" is intended to represent the cultural characteristics of China by incorporatingpentatonic scalesand aChinese flute.[5]

According to the bookHeroism and Gender in War Films(2014), the lyrics of "Honor to Us All" outline the "perfect woman".[15]The phrase "Honor to us all" is constantly reiterated throughout the song.[35]Identified by Hough as an "ultra-femininesatiricalnumber ",[22]its "witty" lyrics are intended to be highlyironic,[14][36][37]expressing that a daughter can only honor herself and her family by marrying, stating:[17]Beginning with the line "This is what you give me to work with",[29]the performers offer an extensive list of examples and qualities required to create an ideal bride,[17]including the lyrics "Wait and see, when we're through, boys will gladly go to war for you" and "With good breeding and a tiny waist you'll bring honor to us all."[13][23]

According to Hough, "A Girl Worth Fighting For" references "thesuperficialtraits discussed in 'Honor to Us All', ", such as a woman's physical appearance and cooking ability.[22]The line "scarier than the undertaker, we are meeting our Matchmaker" appears towards the end of the song.[38]Lyrically, "Honor to Us All" also makes heavy use of theliterary devicealliteration,as heard during its final verse "Destiny,guard ourgirls/And ourfuture as itfast unfurls/Please lookkindly on thesecultured pearls/Each aperfectporcelain doll ".[39]Thought Catalogcontributor Chelsea Fagan felt that the song's lyrics make it appropriate for single women whose loved ones are constantly pressuring them to pursue romantic relationships despite the fact that they would much rather remain single: "the kind of girl who doesn't need to be put into a tight-waisted outfit to go find herself a husband and pop out a bunch of sword-wielding sons. You’ve got other plans".[40]

Critical reception

[edit]

"Honor to Us All" has received mixed reviews frommusic critics,who shared differing opinions about the song's intended message. Irving Tan of Sputnikmusic reviewed "Honor to Us All" as "peerless in creating an atmosphere of burdening expectations, and just by listening to it you know that Mulan is on the verge of single-handedly chopping down ten generations' worth offamily treehonor. "[27]Soundtrack.Net's Dan Goldwasser described "Honor to Us All" as a "nice" song but felt that it was more appropriate for a Broadway musical than an animated film.[32]Jamie Meun ofMediumappreciated the song for "expos[ing] sexism instead of promoting it" and "expos[ing] the ridiculous expectations of women in China during the Han Dynasty."[41]Packaging Girlhood: Rescuing Our Daughters from Marketers' SchemesSharon Lamb was concerned that younger listeners would not understand the irony intended by the song's lyrics about women and take them seriously.[14]The New York Timesfilm criticJanet Maslindisagreed with Lamb, writing, "Even the tiniest viewers should see how wrongly and repressively she is being treated."[13]Kristyn Burtt ofSheKnowsaccused the song of perpetuating "stereotype[s] that women are a prize in marriage", finding it difficult "not to cringe when listening to the song" despite the fact that Mulan refutes these stereotypes and traditions.[42]Burtt also criticized its lyrics, questioning "why these lyrics are in afamily film.It’s even more shocking to think we didn’t blink twice at this 20 years ago. "[42]

"Honor to Us All" has not particularly enjoyed a reputation as one of Disney's "classic" songs.[43]OnBillboard's ranking of "Every Song From the Disney Renaissance (1989–'99)", "Honor to Us All" was placed at number 41.[11]Billboardmusic critic Andrew Unterberger described the song as "too expository to be all that catchy" while "the traditional Eastern musical influence feels well-intentioned but clumsy."[11]However, he highlighted the song's second verse as "a nice touch".[11]Bustle's Kadeen Griffiths considers "Honor to Us All" one of "14 Disney Songs You Only Know The Chorus Of" despite itscatchiness,selecting "scarier than the undertaker, we are meeting our Matchmaker" as the only lyrics she remembers.[38]Consequence of Soundranked "Honor to Us All" one of Disney's worst songs, at number 214.[18]In a more positive opinion,The Odyssey Onlineranked "Honor to Us All" one of "The Best Disney Songs From The 90s", at number seven,[44]whileBuzzFeedranked it the 63rd greatest animated Disney song, out of 102.[45]

Cover versions and parodies

[edit]

In January 2017, a group of Chinese children garnered significant attention when a video of them reenacting the "Honor to Us All" musical sequence in their native language was released to the Internet andwent viral.[46]First shared by theFacebook pageDisney Power,[47]the video was eventually identified as a segment from a Chinese television show that features children reenacting scenes from popular films.[48]The child actress who portrays Grandmother Fa in the reenactment has been widely commended for her performance,[48]whoOh My Disneydescribed as "in it to win it."[49]Boing Boing's Caroline Siede wrote that the actress "perfectly captures Mulan's grandmother".[47]Praising the children's accuracy upon reviewing a video that compares the live-action reenactment to the animated original side-by-side,Refinery29sMichael Hafford wrote that the children "remind how ridiculous it is that Hollywood more or less refuses to cast non-white actors in lead roles", specifically referring to thewhitewashing controversysurrounding American actorsMatt DamonandScarlett Johansson's casting in the filmsThe Great Wall(2016) andGhost in the Shell(2017), respectively.[48]Hafford continued, "if literal children can be great in a scene fromMulan,why can't movie studios give roles to, like, adults? "[48]

Certifications

[edit]
Region Certification Certified units/sales
United States (RIAA)[50] Gold 500,000‡

‡Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

References

[edit]
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  27. ^abTan, Irving (December 22, 2010)."Soundtrack (Disney) – Mulan".Sputnikmusic.RetrievedJune 1,2017.
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  37. ^Kendrick, James."Mulan".Qnetwork.com.Archived fromthe originalon March 24, 2012.RetrievedJune 6,2017.
  38. ^abGriffiths, Kadeen (September 14, 2015)."14 Disney Songs You Only Know The Chorus Of Even If You Think The Song Is Catchy".Bustle.RetrievedJune 4,2017.
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  41. ^Meun, Jamie (October 21, 2016)."Disney's Mulan and Gender Performance: She Brought Honor to Us All".Medium.com.Archived fromthe originalon June 20, 2018.RetrievedJune 3,2017.
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  43. ^Simon, Ben (October 25, 2004)."Mulan: Special Edition".Animated Views.RetrievedJune 4,2017.Of the other songs, Honor To Us All and I'll Make A Man Out Of You aren't classics in the Disney canon, but do feel part of the whole overall, helping their respective scenes lift to the emotional wallop they need at their times.
  44. ^Bargender, Michaela (August 23, 2016)."The Best Disney Songs From The 90s, Part 2".The Odyssey Online.RetrievedJune 4,2017.
  45. ^Zafar, Aylin (April 21, 2014)."The Definitive Ranking Of The 102 Best Animated Disney Songs".BuzzFeed.RetrievedJune 4,2017.
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  47. ^abSiede, Caroline (January 6, 2017)."Watch talented Chinese kids bring Disney's Mulan to life".Boing Boing.RetrievedJune 4,2017.
  48. ^abcdHafford, Michael (January 8, 2017)."Amazing Kids Perform Mulan's" Bring Honor To Us All "".Refinery29.RetrievedJune 4,2017.
  49. ^Berman, Rachel."Watch These Adorable Kids Perfectly Recreate" Honor to Us All "from Mulan".Oh My Disney.RetrievedJune 4,2017.
  50. ^"American single certifications – Lea Salonga, Beth Fowler, Marni Nixon, Chorus - Mulan – Honor to Us All".Recording Industry Association of America.Retrieved15 October2023.
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