Jump to content

House of Bourbon

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Bourbons" redirects here. For other uses, seeBourbon (disambiguation).

House of Bourbon
Parent houseCapetian dynasty
Country
EtymologyBourbon
Founded1272;752 years ago(1272)
FounderRobert, Count of Clermont,the sixth son of KingLouis IX of France,marriedBeatrice of Bourbon
Current headPrince Louis, Duke of Anjou
Final ruler
Titles
List
Estate(s)
  • France
  • Navarre
  • Spain
  • Two Sicilies
  • Luxembourg
  • Parma
Deposition
BranchesHouse of Bourbon-Anjou

House of Orléans

House of Condé(extinct)

House of Bourbon-Bhopal(disputed)

Illegitimate branches

Websitehttps://www.legitimite.fr/
Part ofa serieson the
History ofFrance
Carte de France dressée pour l'usage du Roy. Delisle Guillaume (1721)
Timeline
Ancient
Prehistory
Greek colonies600 BC – 49 BC
Celtic Gauluntil 50 BC
Roman Gaul50 BC – 486 AD
Middle Ages
Franciaand theFrankishsettlement
Merovingians481–751
Carolingians751–987
West Francia843–987
Kingdom of France987–1792
Direct Capetians987–1328
Valois1328–1498
Early modern
Ancien Régime
Valois-Orléans kings1498–1515
Valois-Angoulême kings1515–1589
Bourbon kings1589–1792
Long 19th century
French Revolution1789–1799
Kingdom of France1791–1792
First Republic1792–1804
First Empire1804–1814
Restoration1814–1830
July Monarchy1830–1848
Second Republic1848–1852
Second Empire1852–1870
Third Republic1870–1940
Belle Époque1871–1914
20th century
Third Republic1870–1940
Interwar period1919–1939
Années folles1920–1929
1940–1944
Provisional Republic1944–1946
Fourth Republic1946–1958
Fifth Republic1958–present
Topics
flagFrance portal·History portal


TheHouse of Bourbon(English:/ˈbʊərbən/,alsoUK:/ˈbɔːrbɒn/;French:[buʁbɔ̃]) is adynastythat originated in theKingdom of Franceas a branch of theCapetian dynasty,the royal House of France. Bourbon kings first ruled France andNavarrein the 16th century. A branch descended from the French Bourbons came to ruleSpainin the 18th century and is the currentSpanish royal family.Further branches, descended from the Spanish Bourbons, held thrones inNaples,Sicily,andParma.Today, Spain andLuxembourghave monarchs of the House of Bourbon. The royal Bourbons originated in 1272, whenRobert,the youngest son of KingLouis IX of France,married the heiress of thelordship of Bourbon.[2]The house continued for three centuries as acadet branch,serving as nobles under the direct Capetian andValoiskings.

The senior line of the House of Bourbon became extinct in the male line in 1527 with the death of DukeCharles III of Bourbon.This made the juniorBourbon-Vendômebranch the genealogically senior branch of the House of Bourbon. In 1589, at the death ofHenry III of France,the House of Valois became extinct in the male line. Under theSalic law,the head of the House of Bourbon, as the senior representative of the senior-surviving branch of the Capetian dynasty (first prince of the blood), became King of France asHenry IV.[2]Bourbon monarchs then united to France the part of theKingdom of Navarrenorth of thePyrenees,which Henry's father had acquired by marriage in 1555, ruling both until the 1792 overthrow of the monarchy during theFrench Revolution.Restored briefly in 1814, and definitively in 1815 after the fall of theFirst French Empire,the senior line of the Bourbons was finally overthrown in theJuly Revolutionof 1830. A cadet Bourbon branch, theHouse of Orléans,then ruled for 18 years (1830–1848), until it too was overthrown during theFrench Revolution of 1848.

Theprinces of Condéwas a cadet branch of the Bourbons descended from an uncle ofHenry IV,and theprinces of Contiwas a cadet line of the Condé branch. Both houses, recognized asprinces of the blood,were prominent French noble families, well known for their participation in French affairs, even during exile in theFrench Revolution,until their respective extinctions in 1830 and 1814. Consequently, since the extinction of theCapetian House of Courtenayin 1733, the Bourbons are the only extant legitimate branch of the House of Capet. Although illegitimate, theHouse of Braganzatraces its line to the House of Capet via their descent fromRobert II of Francethrough theFirst House of Burgundy,then through thePortuguese House of Burgundy.Peter I of Portugalfathered an illegitimate sonJohn I of Portugal,founder of theHouse of Avizwho in turn fathered an illegitimate son namedAfonso,who in turn founded the extantHouse of Braganza.

In 1700, at the death of KingCharles II of Spain,the SpanishHabsburgsbecame extinct in the male line. Under the will of the childless Charles II, the second grandson of KingLouis XIVof France was named as his successor, toprecludethe union of the thrones of France and Spain. The prince, then Duke of Anjou, becamePhilip V of Spain.[2]Permanent separation of the French and Spanish thrones was secured when France and SpainratifiedPhilip'srenunciation,for himself and his descendants, of the French throne in theTreaty of Utrechtin 1713, and similar arrangements later kept the Spanish throne separate from those ofNaples,SicilyandParma.The Spanish House of Bourbon (rendered in Spanish asBorbón[boɾˈβon]) has been overthrown and restored several times, reigning 1700–1808, 1813–1868, 1875–1931, and since 1975. Bourbons ruled inNaplesfrom 1734 to 1806 and inSicilyfrom 1735 to 1816, and in a unifiedKingdom of the Two Siciliesfrom 1816 to 1861. They also ruled inParmafrom 1731 to 1735, 1748–1802 and 1847–1859, theKingdom of Etruria1802–1807 andDuchy of Lucca1814–1847.

Grand DuchessCharlotte of LuxembourgmarriedPrince Felix of Bourbon-Parma,and thus her successors, who have reigned in Luxembourg since her abdication in 1964, have also been members of the House of Bourbon.Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil,regent for her father, EmperorPedro II of Brazil,married a cadet of the Orléans line and thus their descendants, known as theOrléans-Braganza,were in the line of succession to the Brazilian throne and expected to ascend its throne had the monarchy not been abolished by acoup in 1889.

All legitimate, living members of the House of Bourbon, including its cadet branches, are directagnaticdescendants of Henry IV through his sonLouis XIIIof France.

Origins

[edit]
Capetian dynastyCadets
The castle ofBourbon-l'Archambault

The pre-Capetian House ofBourbonwas anoblefamily, dating at least from the beginning of the 13th century, when theestateof Bourbon was ruled by theSire de Bourbonwho was a vassal of theKing of France.The term House of Bourbon ( "Maison de Bourbon" ) is sometimes used to refer to thisfirst houseand theHouse of Bourbon-Dampierre,the second family to rule theseigneury.

In 1272,Robert, Count of Clermont,sixth and youngest son of KingLouis IX of France,marriedBeatrix of Bourbon,heiress to thelordship of Bourbonand member of the House of Bourbon-Dampierre.[2]Their sonLouiswas madeDuke of Bourbonin 1327. His descendant, theConstable of FranceCharles de Bourbon,was the last of the senior Bourbon line when he died in 1527. Because he chose to fight under the banner ofHoly Roman EmperorCharles Vand lived in exile from France, his title was discontinued after his death.

The remaining line of Bourbons henceforth descended fromJames I, Count of La Marche,the younger son ofLouis I, Duke of Bourbon.[2]With the death of his grandsonJames II, Count of La Marchein 1438, the senior line of the Count of La Marche became extinct. All future Bourbons would descend from James II's younger brother,Louis,who became theCount of Vendômethrough his mother's inheritance.[2]In 1525, at the death ofCharles IV, Duke of Alençon,all of theprinces of the blood royalwere Bourbons; all remaining members of the House of Valois were members of the king's immediate family.

In 1514,Charles, Count of Vendômehad his title raised toDuke of Vendôme.His sonAntoinebecame King ofNavarre,on the northern side of thePyrenees,by marriage in 1555.[2]Two of Antoine's younger brothers were Cardinal ArchbishopCharles de Bourbonand the French and Huguenot generalLouis de Bourbon, 1st Prince of Condé.Louis' male-line descendants, thePrinces de Condé,survived until 1830. Finally, in 1589, theHouse of Valoisdied out and Antoine's sonHenry III of Navarrebecame Henry IV of France.[2]

List of Bourbons

[edit]
Main articles:Descendants of Henry IV of France,Descendants of Louis XIV of France,Descendants of Philip V of Spain,andDescendants of Charles III of Spain

Bourbon branches

[edit]

Family from India's claim to be a branch and their claim to The "Throne of France"

As per the latest research carried out byPrince Michael of Greeceand incorporated in his historical novel,Le Rajah Bourbon,[7]Balthazar Napoleon IV de Bourbonfrom India is the senior heir in line to theFrench throne.[4][5][6][8]

France

[edit]
French kings from House of Bourbon. Family tree

Rise of Henry IV

[edit]
Main article:Henry IV of France's succession

The first Bourbonking of FrancewasHenry IV.[2]He was born on 13 December 1553 in theKingdom of Navarre.Antoine de Bourbon,his father, was a ninth-generation descendant of KingLouis IX of France.[2]Jeanne d'Albret,his mother, was the Queen of Navarre and niece of KingFrancis I of France.He was baptizedCatholic,but raisedCalvinist.After his father was killed in 1562, he becameDuke of Vendômeat the age of 10, with AdmiralGaspard de Coligny(1519–1572) as his regent. Seven years later, the young duke became the nominal leader of theHuguenotsafter the death of his uncle thePrince de Condéin 1569.

Henry succeeded to Navarre as Henry III when his mother died in 1572. That same yearCatherine de' Medici,mother of KingCharles IX of France,arranged for the marriage of her daughter,Margaret of Valois,to Henry, ostensibly to advance peace between Catholics and Huguenots. Many Huguenots gathered in Paris for the wedding on 24 August, but were ambushed and slaughtered by Catholics in theSt. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.Henry saved his own life by converting to Catholicism. He repudiated his conversion in 1576 and resumed his leadership of the Huguenots.

The period from 1576 to 1584 was relatively calm in France, with the Huguenots consolidating control of much of the south with only occasional interference from the royal government. Extended civil war erupted again in 1584, whenFrançois, Duke of Anjou,younger brother of KingHenry III of France,died, leaving Navarre next in line for the throne. Thus began theWar of the Three Henrys,as Henry of Navarre, Henry III, and the ultra-Catholic leader,Henry of Guise,fought a confusing three-cornered struggle for dominance. After Henry III was assassinated on 31 July 1589, Navarre claimed the throne as the first Bourbon king of France, Henry IV.

Much of Catholic France, organized into theCatholic League,refused to recognize a Protestant monarch and instead recognized Henry IV's uncle,Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon,as rightful king, and the civil war continued. Henry won a crucial victory atIvryon 14 March 1590 and, following the death of the Cardinal the same year, the forces of the League lacked an obvious Catholic candidate for the throne and divided into various factions. Nevertheless, as a Protestant, Henry IV was unable to take Paris, a Catholic stronghold, or to decisively defeat his enemies, now supported by the Spanish. He reconverted to Catholicism in 1593[9]and was crowned king retroactively to 1589 at theCathedral of Chartreson 27 February 1594.[10]

Early Bourbons in France

[edit]

Henry granted theEdict of Nanteson 13 April 1598, establishing Catholicism as an official state religion but also granting the Huguenots a measure of religious tolerance and political freedom short of full equality with the practice of Catholicism. This compromise ended the religious wars in France. That same year theTreaty of Vervinsended the war with Spain, adjusted the Spanish-French border, and resulted in a belated recognition by Spain of Henry as king of France.

Ably assisted byMaximilien de Béthune, duc de Sully,Henry reduced the land tax known as thetaille;promoted agriculture, public works, construction of highways, and the first French canal; started such important industries as the tapestry works of theGobelins;and intervened in favor of Protestants in the duchies and earldoms along the German frontier. This last was to be the cause of his assassination.

Henry IV of France, the first Bourbon King of France

Henry's marriage to Margaret, which had produced no heir, was annulled in 1599 and he marriedMarie de' Medici,niece of the grand duke of Tuscany. A son, Louis, was born to them in 1601. Henry IV was assassinated on 14 May 1610 in Paris.Louis XIIIwas only nine years old when he succeeded his father.[2]He was to prove a weak ruler; his reign was effectively a series of distinct regimes, depending who held the effective reins of power. At first, Marie de' Medici, his mother, served as regent and advanced a pro-Spanish policy. To deal with the financial troubles of France, Louis summoned theEstates Generalin 1614; this would be the last time that body met until the eve of theFrench Revolution.Marie arranged the 1615 marriage of Louis toAnne of Austria,the daughter of KingPhilip III of Spain.

In 1617, however, Louis conspired withCharles d'Albert, duc de Luynesto dispense with her influence, having her favoriteConcino Conciniassassinated on 26 April of that year. After some years of weak government by Louis's favorites, the King madeArmand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu,a former protégé of his mother, the chief minister of France in 1624.

Richelieu advanced an anti-Habsburgpolicy. He arranged for Louis' sister,Henrietta Maria,to marry KingCharles I of England,on 11 May 1625. Her pro-Catholic propaganda in England was one of the contributing factors to theEnglish Civil War.Richelieu, as ambitious for France and the French monarchy as for himself, laid the ground for theabsolute monarchythat would last in France until the Revolution. He wanted to establish a dominating position for France in Europe, and he wanted to unify France under the monarchy. He established the role ofintendants,non-noble men whose arbitrary powers of administration were granted (and revocable) by the monarch, superseding many of the traditional duties and privileges of the noble governors.

Although it required a succession of internal military campaigns, he disarmed the fortified Huguenot towns that Henry had allowed. He involved France in theThirty Years' War(1618–1648) against the Habsburgs byconcluding an alliance with Swedenin 1631 and, actively, in 1635. He died in 1642 before the conclusion of that conflict, having groomed CardinalJules Mazarinas a successor. Louis XIII outlived him but by one year, dying in 1643 at the age of forty-two. After a childless marriage for twenty-three years his queen, Anne, delivered a son on 5 September 1638, whom he named Louis after himself.[2]

In the mid eighteenth century, the Bourbon monarchy had a faulty system for finance and taxation. Their lacking a national bank led to them taking short-term loans, and ordering financial agents to make payments in advance or in excess of tax revenues collected.[11]

Louis XIV and Louis XV

[edit]
RoyalCoat of arms of the Kingdom of France and Navarre.
Main article:Louis XIV of France
Main article:Louis XV of France

Louis XIVsucceeded his father at four years of age;[2]he would go on to become the most powerful king in French history. His mother Anne served as his regent with her favorite Jules, Cardinal Mazarin, as chief minister. When Louis was age 7,Nicolas de Neufville de Villeroybecame governor of the young king.[12]The main childhood places of Louis XIV were thePalais-Royaland the nearbyHôtel de Villeroy.Mazarin continued the policies of Richelieu, bringing the Thirty Years' War to a successful conclusion in 1648 and defeating the nobility's challenge to royal absolutism in a series of civil wars known as theFrondes.He continued to war with Spain until 1659.

In that year theTreaty of the Pyreneeswas signed signifying a major shift in power, France had replaced Spain as the dominant state in Europe. The treaty called for anarranged marriagebetween Louis and his cousinMaria Theresa,a daughter of KingPhilip IV of Spainby his first wifeElisabeth,the sister of Louis XIII. They were married in 1660 and had a son, Louis, in 1661.[2]Mazarin died on 9 March 1661 and it was expected that Louis would appoint another chief minister, as had become the tradition, but instead he shocked the country by announcing he would rule alone.

For six years Louis reformed the finances of his state and built formidable armed forces. France fought a series of wars from 1667 onward and gained some territory on its northern and eastern borders. Maria Theresa died in 1683 and the next year he secretly married the devoutly CatholicFrançoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon.Louis XIV began to persecute Protestants, undoing the religious tolerance established by his grandfather Henry IV, culminating in his revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685.

The last war waged by Louis XIV proved to be one of the most important to dynastic Europe. In 1700, KingCharles II of Spain,a Habsburg, died without a son. Louis's only legitimate son, theGrand Dauphin,as the late king's nephew, was the closest heir; and Charles willed the kingdom to the Dauphin's second son, the Duke of Anjou. Other powers, particularly theAustrian Habsburgs,who had the next closest claims, objected to such a vast increase in French power.

Initially, most of the other powers were willing to accept Anjou's reign asPhilip V,but Louis's mishandling of their concerns soon drove theEnglish,Dutchand other powers to join the Austrians in a coalition against France. TheWar of the Spanish Successionbegan in 1701 and raged for 12 years. In the end Louis's grandson was recognized as king of Spain, but he was obliged to agree to the forfeiture of succession rights in France, theSpanish Habsburgs' other European territories were largely ceded to Austria, and France was nearly bankrupted by the cost of the struggle. Louis died on 1 September 1715 ending his seventy-two-year reign, the longest in European history.

Dynastic group portrait of Louis XIV (seated) with his son theLouis theGrand Dauphin(to the left), his grandsonLouis, Duke of Burgundy(to the right), his great-grandson the duc d'Anjou, later Louis XV, andMadame de Ventadour,his governess, who commissioned this painting some years later; busts ofHenry IVandLouis XIIIin the background.

The reign of Louis XIV was so long that he outlived both his son and eldest grandson. He was succeeded by his great-grandsonLouis XV.[2]Louis XV was born on 15 February 1710 and was thus aged only five at his ascension, the third Louis in a row to become king of France before the age of thirteen (Louis XIII became king at 9, Louis XIV at almost 5 and himself at 5). Initially, the regency was held byPhilippe, Duke of Orléans,Louis XIV's nephew, as nearest adult male to the throne.[2]ThisRégencewas seen as a period of greater individual expression, manifested in secular, artistic, literary and colonial activity, in contrast to the austere latter years of Louis XIV's reign.

Following Orléans' death in 1723, theDuke of Bourbon,representative of the Bourbon-Condé cadet line, became prime minister. It was expected that Louis would marry his cousin, the daughter of King Philip V of Spain, but this engagement was broken by the duke in 1725 so that Louis could marryMarie Leszczyńska,the daughter ofStanislas,former king of Poland. Bourbon's motive appears to have been a desire to produce an heir as soon as possible so as to reduce the chances of a succession dispute between Philip V and the Duke of Orléans in the event of the sickly king's death. Maria was already an adult woman at the time of the marriage, while theinfantawas still a young girl.

A posthumous painting commissioned around 1670 byPhilippe de France.It shows the French Bourbon family around that time. It includes:Henrietta Maria of France(d. 1669), exiled Queen of England;Philippe I, Duke of Orléans,founder of theHouse of Orléans;his first wifePrincess Henriette(d. 1670); the couple's first daughterMarie Louise d'Orléans(later Queen of Spain);Anne of Austria(d. 1666); the Orléans daughters ofGaston, Duke of Orléans;Louis XIV;the Dauphin of France with his wifeMaria Theresa of Spainwith her third daughterMarie-Thérèse,calledMadame Royale(died 1672) and her second sonPhilippe-Charles de France, duc d'Anjou(d. 1671). The first daughter of Gaston stands on the far right:Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans.The picture frame with the two children are the other two daughters of Louis and Maria Theresa who died in 1662 and 1664.

Nevertheless, Bourbon's action brought a very negative response from Spain, and for his incompetence Bourbon was soon replaced by CardinalAndré-Hercule de Fleury,the young king's tutor, in 1726. Fleury was a peace-loving man who intended to keep France out of war, but circumstances presented themselves that made this impossible.

The first cause of these wars came in 1733 whenAugustus II,the elector of Saxony and king of Poland died. With French support, Stanislas was again elected king. This brought France into conflict withRussiaand Austria who supportedAugustus III,Elector of Saxony and son of Augustus II.

Stanislas lost the Polish crown, but he was given theDuchy of Lorraineas compensation, which would pass to France after his death in 1766. Next came theWar of the Austrian Successionin 1740 in which France supported KingFrederick II of PrussiaagainstMaria Theresa,Archduchess of AustriaandQueen of Hungary.Fleury died in 1743 before the conclusion of the war.

Shortly after Fleury's death in 1745 Louis was influenced by his mistress theMarquise de Pompadourto reverse the policy of France in 1756 by creating analliancewith Austria against Prussia in theSeven Years' War.The war was a disaster for France, which lost most of her overseas possessions to the British in theTreaty of Paris (1763).Maria, his wife, died in 1768 and Louis himself died on 10 May 1774.

French Revolution

[edit]
Main article:French Revolution

Louis XVIhad become theDauphin of Franceupon the death of his fatherLouis,the son of Louis XV, in 1765. He marriedMarie Antoinetteof Austria, a daughter of Holy Roman EmpressMaria Theresa,in 1770. Louis intervened in theAmerican Revolutionagainst Britain in 1778, but he is most remembered for his role in theFrench Revolution.France was in financial turmoil and Louis was forced to convene theEstates-Generalon 5 May 1789.

They formed theNational Assemblyand forced Louis to accept a constitution that limited his powers on 14 July 1789. Hetried to flee Francein June 1791, but was captured. The French monarchy was abolished on 21 September 1792 and arepublicwas proclaimed. The chain of Bourbon monarchs begun in 1589 was broken. Louis XVI wasexecutedon 21 January 1793.

Marie Antoinette and her son, Louis, were held as prisoners. Many French royalists proclaimed himLouis XVII,but he never reigned. She was executed on 16 October 1793. He died oftuberculosison 8 June 1795 at the age of ten while in captivity.[13]

TheFrench Revolutionary WarsandNapoleonic Warsspread nationalism and anti-absolutism throughout Europe, and the other Bourbon monarchs were threatened.Ferdinand IVwas forced to flee from Naples in 1806 whenNapoleon Bonapartedeposed him and installed his brother,Joseph,as king. Ferdinand continued to rule from Sicily until 1815.

Napoleon conquered Parma in 1800 and compensated the Bourbon duke withEtruria,a new kingdom he created from theGrand Duchy of Tuscany.It was short-lived, counting only two monarchs,LouisandLouis II,as Napoleon annexed Etruria in 1807.

KingCharles IV of Spainhad been an ally of France. He succeeded his father,Charles III,in 1788. At first he declared war on France on 7 March 1793, but he made peace on 22 June 1795. This peace became an alliance on 19 August 1796. His chief minister,Manuel de Godoyconvinced Charles that his son,Ferdinand,was plotting to overthrow him. Napoleon exploited the situation and invaded Spain in March 1808. This led to anuprisingthat forced Charles to abdicate on 19 March 1808 in favor of his son, who became Ferdinand VII. Napoleon forced Ferdinand to return the crown to Charles on 30 April and then convinced Charles to relinquish it to him on 10 May 1808. In turn, he gave it to his brother, Joseph, king of Naples on 6 June 1808. Joseph abandoned Naples toJoachim Murat,the husband of Napoleon's sister. This was very unpopular in Spain and resulted in thePeninsular War,a struggle that would contribute to the downfall of Napoleon.

Bourbon Restoration

[edit]
The standard of the French royal family under theAncien Régimeand therestoration period.
Main article:Bourbon Restoration in France

With the abdication of Napoleon on 11 April 1814 the Bourbon dynasty was restored to the Kingdom of France in the person ofLouis XVIII,brother of Louis XVI. Napoleon escaped from exile and Louis fled in March 1815. Louis was again restored after theBattle of Waterlooon 7 July 1815.

The conservative elements of Europe dominated the post-Napoleonic age, but the values of the French Revolution could not be easily swept aside. Louis granted aconstitutionon 14 June 1814 to appease the liberals, but the ultra-royalist party, led by his brother, Charles, continued to influence his reign.[14]When he died in 1824 his brother became king asCharles Xmuch to the dismay of French liberals. In a saying ascribed toTalleyrand,"they had learned nothing and forgotten nothing."[15]

Aftermath

[edit]

Charles passed several laws that appealed to the upper class, but angered the middle class. The situation came to a head when he appointed a new minister on 8 August 1829 who did not have the confidence of theChamber of Deputies.The chamber censured the king on 18 March 1830 and in response Charles proclaimed theJuly Ordinanceson 26 July 1830 intended to silence criticism against him.[citation needed]This resulted in theJuly Revolution.

Coat of arms ofLouis Philippeof theOrléanistcadet branch, French king during theJuly Monarchy1830–48 (with the revolutionaryTricolour flagand the Napoleonic Order of theLegion of Honour)

As a compromise the crown was offered toLouis Philippe,duke of Orléans, a descendant of thebrother of Louis XIV,and the head of the Orléanist cadet branch of the Bourbons. Agreeing to reign constitutionally and under thetricolour,he was proclaimed King of the French on 7 August 1830. The resulting regime, known as theJuly Monarchy,lasted until theRevolution of 1848.The Bourbon monarchy in France ended on 24 February 1848, when Louis Philippe was forced to abdicate and the short-livedSecond Republicwas established.

SomeLegitimistsrefused to recognize the Orléanist monarchy. After the death of Charles in 1836 his son was proclaimedLouis XIX,though this title was never formally recognized. Charles' grandsonHenri, Count of Chambord,the last Bourbon claimant of the French crown, was proclaimed by some Henry V, but the French monarchy was never restored.

Following the 1870 collapse of theSecond French Empireof EmperorNapoleon III,Henri was offered a restored throne. However Chambord refused to accept the throne unless France abandoned the revolution-inspiredtricolourand accepted what he regarded as the true Bourbon flag of France, featuring thefleur-de-lis.The tricolour, originally associated with the French Revolution and theFirst Republic,had been used by the July Monarchy, the Second Republic and both Empires; theFrench National Assemblycould not possibly agree.

AtemporaryThird Republicwas established, while monarchists waited for the comte de Chambord to die and for the succession to pass toPrince Philippe, Count of Paris,who was willing to accept the tricolour. Henri lived until 1883, by which time public opinion had come to accept the republic as the "form of government that divides us least." His death without issue marked the extinction of the main line of the French Bourbons. Thus the head of the House of Bourbon becameJuan, Count of Montizónof the Spanish line of the house who was alsoCarlistclaimant to the throne of Spain, and had become the senior male of the dynasty by primogeniture. His heir as eldest Bourbon and head of the house is todayLouis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou.

However the terms of the Peace of Utrecht forbade the descendants of Philip V of Spain from inheriting the throne of France, therefore many monarchists recognised the Orléans line as heirs to the French throne.

By an ordinance ofLouis Philippe Iof 13 August 1830, it was decided that the king's children (and his sister) would continue to bear the arms of Orléans, that Louis-Philippe's eldest son, as Prince Royal, would bear the title of Duke of Orléans, that the younger sons would continue to have their existing titles, and that the sister and daughters of the king would be styledRoyal Highnessand "d'Orléans," but the Orléans dynasts did not take the name "of France."

Bourbons of Spain and Italy

[edit]
Spanish kings from the House of Bourbon
See also:Spanish royal family

Philip V

[edit]
Arms of the presentKing of Spainof the House of Bourbon

The Spanish branch of the House of Bourbon, also known as the House of Bourbon-Anjou, was founded by Philip V. He was born in 1683 at Versailles, the second son of the Grand Dauphin, who was eldest son of Louis XIV. He wasDuke of Anjouand probably never expected to be raised to a rank higher than that. However, KingCharles II of Spain,dying without issue, willed the throne to his grand-nephew the Duke of Anjou, who was the younger grandson of his eldest sisterMarie-Thérèse,who had married Louis XIV.

The prospect of Bourbons on both the French and Spanish thrones was resisted as creating animbalance of powerin Europe by its powers and, upon Charles II's death on 1 November 1700, aGrand Allianceof European nations united against Philip. This was known as theWar of the Spanish Succession.In theTreaty of Utrecht,signed on 11 April 1713, Philip was recognized asking of Spainbut his renunciation of succession rights to France was affirmed and, of theSpanish Empire's other European territories, Sicily wasceded to Savoy,and theSpanish Netherlands,Milan,and Naples were allotted to theAustrian Habsburgs.

Philip had two sons by his first wife. After her death, he marriedElisabeth Farnese,niece ofFrancesco Farnese, Duke of Parma,in 1714. She presented Philip with three sons, for whom she had ambitions of securing Italian crowns. She therefore induced Philip tooccupy Sardiniaand Sicily in 1717.

AQuadruple Allianceof Britain, France, Austria and the Netherlands was organized on 2 August 1718 to stop him. In theTreaty of The Hague,signed on 17 February 1720, Philip renounced his conquests of Sardinia and Sicily, but he assured the ascension of his eldest son by Elisabeth to the Duchy of Parma upon the reigning duke's death. Philip abdicated in January 1724 in favor ofLouis I,his eldest son with his first wife, but Louis died in August and Philip resumed the crown.

When theWar of the Polish Successionbegan in 1733, Philip and Elisabeth saw another opportunity to advance the claims of their sons and recover at least part of the former possessions of the Spanish crown on the Italian peninsula. Philip signed theFamily Compactwith Louis XV, his nephew and king of France.Charles,Duke of Parma since 1731, invaded Naples. At the conclusion of peace on 13 November 1738, control of Parma and Piacenza was ceded to Austria, which had occupied the duchies but was now forced to recognise Charles as king of Naples and Sicily. Philip also used theWar of the Austrian Successionto win back control of Parma. He did not live to see it to its conclusion, however, dying in 1746.

Ferdinand VI and Charles III

[edit]
Coat of arms of Ferdinand VI at theOmoa Fortressin Honduras.

Ferdinand VI,second son of Philip V and his first wife, succeeded his father. He was a peace-loving monarch who kept Spain out of theSeven Years' War.He died in 1759 in the midst of that conflict and was succeeded by his half-brotherCharles III,already reigning as king in Naples and Sicily.

Following Spain's victory over the Austrians at theBattle of Bitonto,it proved inexpedient to reunite Naples and Sicily to Spain, so as a compromise Charles became King of Naples, as Charles IV and VII of Sicily. Following Charles' accession to the Spanish throne in 1759, he was required, by the Treaty of Naples of 3 October 1759, to abdicate Naples and Sicily to his third son,Ferdinand,thus initiating the branch known as theNeapolitan Bourbons.

Charles revived the Family Compact with France on 15 August 1761 and joined in the Seven Years' War against Britain in 1762; the reformist policies he had espoused in Naples were pursued with similar energy in Spain, where he completely overhauled the cumbersome bureaucracy of the state. As a French ally, he opposed Britain during the American Revolution in June 1779, supplying large quantities of weapons and munitions to the rebels and keeping one third of all the British forces in the Americas occupied defending Florida and what is nowAlabama,which were ultimately recaptured by Spain. Charles died in 1788.

Bourbons of Parma

[edit]

Elisabeth Farnese's ambitions were realized at the conclusion of the War of the Austrian Succession in 1748 when theDuchy of Parma and Piacenza,already occupied by Spanish troops, were ceded by Austria to her second son,Philip,and combined with the formerDuchy of Guastallaof theGonzagas.Elisabeth died in 1766.

Later Bourbon monarchs outside France

[edit]
Coat of Arms of the RoyalHouse of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
Coat of Arms of theHouse of Bourbon-Parma

Upon the fall of the French Empire, Ferdinand I was restored to his throne in Naples, forming the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1816 and founding theHouse of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.His subjects revolted in 1820 and he was forced to grant a constitution;Austriainvaded in March 1821 at his request and revoked the constitution. He was succeeded by his son,Francis I,in 1825 and by his grandson,Ferdinand II,in 1830. Arevolution in Sicilyerupted in January 1848 and Ferdinand was also forced to grant a constitution. This constitution was revoked in 1849. Ferdinand was succeeded by his son,Francis II,in May 1859.

WhenGiuseppe Garibaldicaptured Naples in 1860, Francis restored the constitution in an attempt to save his sovereignty. He fled to the fortress ofGaeta,which was besieged andcaptured by the Piedmontese troopsin February 1861. His kingdom was incorporated into theKingdom of Italyon 17 March 1861, after the fall the fortress ofMessina(surrendered on 12 March), although the Neapolitan troops inCivitella del Trontoresisted three days longer.

After the fall of Napoleon, Napoleon's wife,Maria Louisa,was made Duchess of Parma. As compensation, Charles Louis, the former king of Etruria, was made theDuke of Lucca.When Maria Louisa died in 1847 he was restored to Parma asCharles II.Lucca was incorporated into Tuscany. He was succeeded by his son,Charles III,and grandson,Robert I,in 1854. The people of Parma voted for a union with theKingdom of Sardiniain 1860. After Italian unification the next year, the Bourbon dynasty in Italy was no more.

Ferdinand VII was restored to the throne of Spain in March 1814. Like his Italian Bourbon counterpart, his subjectsrevoltedagainst him in January 1820 and he was forced to grant a constitution. AFrench armyinvaded in 1823 and the constitution was revoked. Ferdinand married his fourth wife,Maria Christina,the daughter of Francis I, the Bourbon king of the Two Sicilies, in 1829. Despite his many marriages he did not have a son, so in 1833 he was influenced by his wife to abolish theSalic Lawso that their daughter, Isabella, could become queen depriving his brother,Don Carlos,of the throne.

Isabella IIsucceeded her father when he died in 1833. She was only three years old and Maria Cristina, her mother, served as regent. Maria knew that she needed the support of the liberals to oppose Don Carlos so she granted a constitution in 1834. Don Carlos found hisgreatest supportinCataloniaand theBasque countrybecause the constitution centralized the provinces thus denying them the autonomy they sought. He was defeated and fled the country in 1839. Isabella was declared of age in 1843 and she married her cousinFrancisco de Asís,the son of her father's brother, on 10 October 1846. A military revolution broke out against Isabella in 1868 and she was deposed on 29 September 1868. She abdicated in favor of her son, Alfonso, in 1870, but Spain was proclaimed a republic for a brief time.

When theFirst Spanish Republicfailed the crown was offered to Isabella's son who accepted on 1 January 1875 asAlfonso XII.The Carlist pretenderDon Carlos,who returned to Spain, was defeated and resumed his exile in February 1876. Alfonso granted a newconstitutionin July 1876 that was more liberal than the one granted by his grandmother. His reign was cut short when he died in 1885 at the age of twenty-eight.

Alfonso XIIIwas born on 17 May 1886 after the death of his father. His mother,Maria Christina,the second wife of Alfonso XII served as regent. Alfonso XIII was declared of age in 1902 and he marriedVictoria Eugenie of Battenberg,the granddaughter of the BritishQueen Victoriaon 31 May 1906. He remained neutral duringWorld War I,but supported the military coup ofMiguel Primo de Riveraon 13 September 1923. A movement towards the establishment of a republic began in 1930 and Alfonso fled the country on 14 April 1931. He never formally abdicated, but lived the rest of his life in exile. He died in 1941.

The Bourbon dynasty seemed finished in Spain as in the rest of the world, but it would be resurrected. TheSecond Spanish Republicwas overthrown in theSpanish Civil War,leading to the dictatorship ofFrancisco Franco.He namedJuan Carlos de Borbón,a grandson of Alfonso XIII, his successor in 1969. When Franco died six years later, Juan Carlos I took the throne to restore the Bourbon dynasty. The new king oversaw theSpanish transition to democracy,theSpanish Constitution of 1978recognized the monarchy.

Since 1964 the Bourbon-Parma line has reigned agnatically though not officially in Luxembourg through Grand DukesJeanand his sonHenri.In June 2011, Luxembourg adopted absolute primogeniture, replacing the old Semi-Salic law that might have guaranteed the survival of Bourbon rule for generations.

Though it is not as powerful as it once was and no longer reigns in its native country of France, the House of Bourbon is by no means extinct and has survived to the present-day world, predominantly composed of republics.

The House of Bourbon, in its surviving branches, is believed to be the oldest royal dynasty of Europe (and the oldest documented European family altogether) that is still existing in the direct male line today: TheHouse of Capet's male ancestors, theRobertians,go back toRobert of Hesbaye(d. 807) as their first secured ancestor and he is believed to be a direct male descendant of Charibert de Haspengau (c. 555–636). Should this be true, only theImperial House of Japanwould outmatch the Bourbon's age, being reliably documented – as a ruling house already – from about 540. TheHouse of Hessetraces its line back to 841, theHouse of Welf-Esteand theHouse of Wettinare both emerging in the 10th century (and so do some Italian non-ruling houses like theCaetanior theMassimo family), whereas most of the other ruling families of Europe only turn up to the light of history after the year 1000.

List of Bourbon rulers

[edit]

France

[edit]

Monarchs of France

[edit]

Dates indicate reigns, not lifetimes.

Claimants to the throne of France

[edit]

Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes.

Monarchs of France

[edit]

Dates indicate reigns, not lifetimes.

Legitimist claimants in France

[edit]

Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes.

Legitimist claimants in France (Spanish branch)

[edit]

Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes.

Orléanist and Unionist claimants in France

[edit]

Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes.

Kingdom of Spain

[edit]

Monarchs of Spain

[edit]

Dates indicate seniority, not lifetimes. Where reign as king or queen of Spain is different, this is noted.

"Carlist" claimants in Spain

[edit]

Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes.

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

[edit]

Grand Dukes of Luxembourg

[edit]

Dates indicate reigns, not lifetimes.

Other significant Bourbon titles

[edit]

Surnames used

[edit]

Officially, theKing of Francehad no family name. A prince with the rank offils de France(Son of France) is surnamed "de France";all the male-line descendants of eachfils de France,however, took his main title (whether anappanageor acourtesy title) as their family or last name. However, whenLouis XVIwas put on trial and later "guillotined"(executed) by the revolutionariesNational Conventionin France in 1793, they somewhat contemptuously referred to him in written documents and spoken address as "Citizen Louis Capet" as if a "commoner" (referring back to theMedievalorigins of the Bourbon Dynasty's name and referring toHugh Capet,founder of theCapetian dynasty).

Members of the House of Bourbon-Condé and its cadet branches, which never ascended to the throne, used the surname "de Bourbon" until their extinction in 1830.

The daughters ofGaston, Duke of Orléans,were the first members of the House of Bourbon since the accession of Henry IV to take their surname from the appanage of their father (d'Orléans). Gaston died without a male heir; his titles reverted to the crown. It was given to his nephew,Philippe I, Duke of Orléans,brother of Louis XIV, whose descendants still bear the surname.

When Philippe, grandson of Louis XIV, became King of Spain asPhilip V,he gave up his French titles. As a Son of France, his actual surname was "de France". However, since that surname was not heritable for descendants of rank lower than Son of France, and since Philippe had already given up his French titles, his descendants simply took the name of their royal house as their surname ( "de Bourbon", rendered in Spanish as "de Borbón").

The children of Philippe's brother,Charles, Duke of Berry(all of whom died in infancy), were given the surname "d'Alençon". He was Duke of Berry onlyin name,so the surname of his children was taken from his first substantial duchy.

The children of Charles Philippe, Count of Artois, brother of Louis XVI, were surnamed "d'Artois". When Charles succeeded to the throne asCharles X,his sonLouis Antoinebecame a Son of France, with the corresponding change in surname. His grandson,Henri d'Artois,being merely a Grandson of France, would use the surname until his death.

Sovereigns of the minor branches of the House of Bourbon

[edit]
  • Gabriel de Doria-Pamphili y Borbón|Gabriel de Doria-Pamphili y Borbón (1945–1998)
[edit]

The three dynasties of Bourbon

[edit]

The first were the lords of Bourbon, who died out by the males in 1171, then by the women in 1216. Their coat of arms are: D'or au lion de gueules, et à l'orle de huit coquilles d'azur Nicolas Louis Achaintre,Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of Bourbonvol. 1, ed. Didot, 1825, p. 45.

The second family formed by the marriage of the last descendant of the first family,Mathilde of BourbonwithGuy II of Dampierre,this land passed to thehouse of Dampierrein 1196. The coat of arms of this family is: "De gueules à deux léopards d'or, avec couronne de baron",[16]but they took the coat of arms of the previous ones. The son of Guy de Dampierre and Mahaut de Bourbon, Archambaud VIII, took the name and arms of his mother, "de Bourbon", theHouse of Bourbon-Dampierre.By the marriage of,Agnes of Dampierre(died around 1287), withJohn of Burgundy,this important lordship passed to their daughterBéatrice de Bourgogne(1257–1310), lady of Bourbon, then to her husbandRobert, Count of Clermont(1256–1317), and penultimate child ofSaint Louis,thus possessing the land of Bourbon by "the right of the woman (de iure uxoris).

The third house of Bourbon acceded to the throne ofNavarrein 1555, then to the throne of France in 1589 byHenri IV.His coat of arms are: "D'azur, fleurs-de-lys d'or sans nombre, l'écu brisé d'un bâton ou cotice de gueules, brochant sur le tout, avec couronne de fils de France. The nameHouse of Bourbonwas then used to describe the entireHouse of France,officially since 29 June 1768, date of death ofHélène de Courtenay(1689–1768), with which was extinguished theCapetian House of Courtenay,extinction which made the House of France the only branch dynasty resulting from the dukes of Bourbon.

First House of Bourbon

[edit]

The Lords of Bourbon, 9th century until 1196.

Second House of Bourbon (Bourbon-Dampierre)

[edit]
Main article:House of Bourbon-Dampierre

Prince of Bourbon since 1196.

Third and current House of Bourbon

[edit]

Princes and Dukes of Bourbon from 1327 to 1830.

|→Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon 

xRobert de France (1256–1317),Count of Clermont (son ofLouis IX of France(1215–1270) and ofMarguerite de Provence)
├─>Louis(1280–1342), Duke of Bourbon
│ X Marie d'Avesnes (1280–1354)
│ │
│ ├─>Pierre(1311–1356), Duke of Bourbon
│ │ XIsabella of Valois(1313–1383)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Jeanne(1338–1378)
│ │ │ xCharles V of France
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Louis II(1337–1410), Duke of Bourbon
│ │ │ XAnne of Auvergne(1358–1417), Comtess de Forez
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├─>Jean(1381–1434), Duke of Bourbon
│ │ │ │ XMarie, Duchess of Auvergne(1367–1434)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Charles(1401–1456), Duke de Bourbon
│ │ │ │ │ XAgnes of Burgundy, Duchess of Bourbon(1407–1476)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jean II(1426–1488), Duke de Bourbon
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 1) Jeanne de France (1430–1482)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) Catherine d'Armagnac (+1487)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 3) Jeanne de Bourbon-Vendôme (1465–1512)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├2>Jean (1487–1487), Comte de Clermont
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └3>Louis (1488–1488), Comte de Clermont
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├i>Mathieu(+1505), Prince de Bothéon en Forez (Bouthéon)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├i>Hector, (+1502), Archbishop of Toulouse
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├i>Pierre
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├i>Marie (+1482)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jacques de Sainte-Colombe
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├i>Marguerite (1445–1482)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean de Ferrieres (+1497)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
Maison illégitime deBourbon-Lavedan
│ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Charles (+1502), vicomte de Lavedan
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Louise du Lion, vicomtesse de Lavedan
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └─>branche illégitime des Bourbon Lavedan
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Marie (1428–1448)
│ │ │ │ │ │ XJean II, Duke of Lorraine(1425–1470)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Philippe, prince de Beaujeu (1430–1440)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charles II(1434–1488), cardinal, archevêque de Lyon, duc de Bourbon
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Isabelle-Paris (+1497)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Gilbert de Chantelot
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Isabelle (1436–1465)
│ │ │ │ │ │ XCharles the Bold(+1477)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis(1438–1482), évêque de Liege
│ │ │ │ │ │ X inconnue
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
Maison illégitime deBourbon-Busset
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>i>Pierre de Bourbon (1464–1529), baron de Busset
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Marguerite de Tourzel, dame de Busset (+1531)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>branche illégitime desBourbon-Busset
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis (1465–1500)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Jacques (1466–1537)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Pierre II de Beaujeu(1438–1503), Duke of Bourbon
│ │ │ │ │ │ xAnne of France(1462–1522)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charles, Comte de Clermont (1476–1498)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Suzanne(1491–1521)
│ │ │ │ │ │ xCharles III, Duke of Bourbon(1490–1527)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Catherine (1440–1469)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Adolphe de Gueldres (1438–1477)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jeanne (1442–1493)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean II de Chalon, Prince d'Orange (+1502)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Marguerite (1444–1483)
│ │ │ │ │ │ XPhilip II, Duke of Savoy(1438–1497)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ └─>Jacques (1445–1468)
│ │ │ │ │ │
Maison illégitime deBourbon-Roussillon
│ │ │ │ │ ├i>Louis (+1487), comte de Roussillon-en-Dauphine et de Ligny
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Jeanne de France (+1519)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charles (+1510), comte de Roussillon et de Ligny
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Anne de La Tour (+1530)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Suzanne (1466–1531), comtesse de Roussillon et de Ligny
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean de Chabannes, comte de Dammartin
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) Charles, seigneur de Boulainvilliers (+1529)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Anne
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean II, baron d'Arpajon
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Jean, abbé de Senilly
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├i>Renaud (+1483), archevêque de Narbonne 1483
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├i>Charles (1461–1504), évêque de Clermont
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Suzanne
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Louis de Coustaves, seigneur de Chazelles
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├i>Pierre (+1490), prêtre, seigneur du Bois-d'Yoin-en-Lyonnais
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├i>Antoinette
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Pierre Dyenne
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Catherine
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Pierre Holiflant
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├i>Jeanne
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean du Fay, seigneur de Bray-en-Touraine
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├i>Charlotte
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Odilles de Senay
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├i>Sidoine
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Rene, prince de Bus
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ └i>Catherine, abbesse de Sainte-Claire-d'Aigueperse
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Louis, comte de Forez (1403–1412)
│ │ │ │ │
Maison deBourbon-Montpensier (comtes)
│ │ │ │ └─>Louis I, Count of Montpensier
│ │ │ │ │ X 1)Jeanne, dauphine d'Auvergne(+1436)
│ │ │ │ │ X 2) Gabrielle de La Tour (+1486)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├2>Gilbert(1443–1496), comte de Montpensier
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Claire Gonzaga (1464–1503)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louise(1482–1561), duchesse de Montpensier, dauphine d'Auvergne
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 1) Andre III de Chauvigny (+1503)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 2)Louis de Bourbon,prince of la Roche-sur-Yon (1473–1520)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis II(1483–1501), comte de Montpensier
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charles III, Duke of Bourbon(1490–1527), duc de Bourbon (1490–1527), le "connétable de Bourbon"
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ XSuzanne, Duchess of Bourbon(1491–1521)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>François, comte de Clermont (1517–1518)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>deux jumeaux (1518–1518)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Catherine
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Bertrand Salmart, seigneur of Ressis
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>François (1492–1515), duc de Chatellerault
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Renée, dame de Mercœur (1494–1539)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ XAntoine, Duke of Lorraine(1489–1544)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Anne (1495–1510)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├2>Jean (1445–1485)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├2>Gabrielle (1447–1516)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Louis de la Tremoille, prince de Talmond (+1525)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ └2>Charlotte (1449–1478)
│ │ │ │ │ X Wolfart van Borsselen, comte de Grandpré (+1487)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├i>Jean, comte de Velay, évêque de Puy-Rembert-en-Forez 1485
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├i>Alexandre, prêtre
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├i>Guy (+1442)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├i>Marguerite
│ │ │ │ │ XRodrigo de Villandrando,comte de Ribadeo
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └i>Edmée
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├─>Louis, prince de Beaujolais (1388–1404)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├─>Catherine (1378-jeune)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └─>Isabelle (1384-ap.1451)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├i>Hector, prince de Dampierre-en-Champagne (1391–1414)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├i>Perceval (1402–1415)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├i>Pierre, chevalier
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├i>Jacques, moine
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └i>Jean, prince de Tanry
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Jeanne (1339 – Paris 1378)
│ │ │ XCharles V of France(1337–1380)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Blanche(1339–1361)
│ │ │ XPeter of Castile
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Bonne (1341–1402)
│ │ │ XAmadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy(+1383)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Catherine (1342–1427)
│ │ │ XJohn VI, Count of Harcourt(+1388)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Marguerite ((1344)
│ │ │ XArnaud Amanieu d'Albret(1338–1401)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Isabelle (1345–)
│ │ │
│ │ └─>Marie (1347–1401), prieure de Poissy
│ │
│ ├─>Jeanne (1312–1402)
│ │ XGuigues VII de Forez(1299–1357)
│ │
│ ├─>Marguerite (1313–1362)
│ │ X 1)Jean II de Sully (+1343)
│ │ X 2)Hutin de Vermeilles
│ │
│ ├─>Marie (1315–1387)
│ │ X 1) Guy de Lusignan (1315–1343)
│ │ X 2)Robert de Tarente(+1364)
│ │
│ ├─>Philippe (1316–c.1233)
│ │
│ ├─>Jacques (1318–1318)
│ │
Maison deBourbon-La Marche
│ ├─>Jacques(1319–1362), Count of la Marche and Count of Ponthieu
│ │ X Jeanne de Chatillon, dame de Condé et Carency(1320–1371)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Isabelle (1340–1371)
│ │ │ X 1) Louis II de Brienne, vicomte de Beaumont (+1364)
│ │ │ XBouchard VII, Count of Vendôme(+1371)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Pierre de la Marche (1342–1362)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Jean de Bourbon(1344–1393),comte de Vendômeet de la Marche
│ │ │ xCatherine of Vendôme(+1412)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├─>Jacques II(1370–1438), comte de La Marche
│ │ │ │ x 1)Béatrice d'Évreux
│ │ │ │ x 2)Joanna II of Naples
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├1>Isabelle (1408–c. 1445), nonne à Besançon
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├1>Marie (1410–c. 1445), nonne à Amiens
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └1>Eléonore de Bourbon(1412–c.1464)
│ │ │ │ │ xBernard d'Armagnac(+1462)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └i>Claude d'Aix, moine à Dole
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├─>Anne (+1408)
│ │ │ │ X 1)Jean II de Berry(+1401), comte de Montpensier
│ │ │ │ X 2) Louis VII (+1447), duc de Bavière-Ingolstadt
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├─>Isabelle (1373–), nonne à Poissy
│ │ │ │
Maison deBourbon-Vendôme
│ │ │ ├─>Louis de Bourbon(1376–1446), comte de Vendôme
│ │ │ │ X 1) Blanche de Roucy (+1421)
│ │ │ │ X 2) Jeanne de Laval (1406–1468)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Catherine (1425–jeune)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Gabrielle (1426–jeune)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └2>Jean VIII de Bourbon(1428–1478), comte de Vendôme
│ │ │ │ │ X Isabelle de Beauvau
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jeanne, dame de Rochefort (1460–1487)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Louis de Joyeuse, comte de Grandpre (+1498)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Catherine (1462–)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Gilbert de Chabannes, baron de Rochefort
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jeanne(1465–1511)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 1)Jean II de Bourbon(+1488)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) Jean de la Tour, comte d'Auvergne et de Boulogne (1467–1501)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 3) François de la Pause, baron de la Garde
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Renée (1468–1534), abbess ofFontevraud
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>François de Bourbon(1470–1495), comte de Vendôme
│ │ │ │ │ │ XMarie of Luxembourg(+1546)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charles IV, Duke of Bourbon(1489–1537), duc de Vendôme
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ xFrançoise d'Alençon(1491–1550)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis (1514–1516), comte de Marle
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Marie (1515–1538)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Antoine of Navarre(1518–1562), duc de Vendôme
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ xJeanne III d'Albret(1529–1572), reine de Navarre
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Henri (1551–1553), duc de Beaumont
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Kings of France
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Henri IV of France(1553–1610)/Henri III de Navarre
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Bourbon dynasty
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis, comte de Marle (1555–1557)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Madeleine (1556–1556)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Catherine (1559–1604)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ XHenry II de Lorraine(1563–1624)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├i>Charles(1554–1610), Archbishop of Rouen
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Jacquinne d'Artigulouve
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X N de Navailles
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Marguerite (1516–1589)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Francois I de Clèves, duc de Nevers (+1561)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Madeleine (1521–1561), abbesse
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>François, comte d'Enghien (1519–1546)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis (1522–1525)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charles(1523–1590), cardinal, Archbishop of Rouen
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Poullain
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Catherine, abbesse (1525–1594)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jean (1528–1557), comte de Soissons et d'Enghien, duc d'Estouteville
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Marie (1539–1601), duchesse d'Estouteville
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └i>N de Valency (+1562)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Renée, abbesse de Chelles (1527–1583)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Maison deBourbon-Condé
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis(1530–1569), prince de Condé
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>House of Condé
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Eléonore, abbess ofFontevraud(1532–1611)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Nicolas Charles
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jeanne de Bordeix et de Ramers
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jacques
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Michel Charles
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Nicolas
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Christophe
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Marguerite
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Jeanne
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jacques (1490–1491)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>François I (1491–1545), comte de Saint-Pol, duc d'Estouteville
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Adrienne, duchesse d'Estouteville (1512–1560)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>François II (1536–1546), duc d'Estouteville
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Marie, duchesse d'Estouteville, (1539–1601)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 1) Jean de Bourbon, comte de Soissons
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) François de Clèves, duc de Nevers (+1562)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 3) Léonor, duc de Longueville (1540–1573)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis (1493–1557), cardinal, archevêque de Sens
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Antoinette (1493–1583)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ XClaude, Duke of Guise(1496–1550)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Louise (1495–1575), abbess ofFontevraud
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Jacques (1495–)
│ │ │ │ │ │
Maison deBourbon-Montpensier (ducs)
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis(1473–1520), prince of La Roche-sur-Yon
│ │ │ │ │ │ XLouise de Montpensier(1482–1561)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Suzanne (1508–1570)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ Claude de Rieux, comte d'Harcourt et d'Aumale (+1532)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis(1513–1582), Duke of Montpensier
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 1) Jacqueline de Longwy (+1561)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) Catherine de Lorraine (1552–1596)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├1>Françoise (1539–1587)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ XHenri-Robert de La Marck,duke of Bouillon, prince of Sedan (+1574)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├1>Anne (1540–1572)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X François de Clèves, duc de Nevers (+1562)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jeanne (1541–1620), abbesse de Jouarre
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├1>François(1542–1592), duc de Montpensier
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Renée (1550–1590), marquise de Mezieres
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Henri(1573–1608), duc de Montpensier
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Henriette-Catherine (1585–1656), duchesse de Joyeuse
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Marie(1605–1627), Duchess of Montpensier
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ xGaston de France
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charlotte (1547–1582)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Guillaume de Orange-Nassau (+1584)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Louise (1548–1586), abbesse de Faremoutier
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Charles (1515–1565), prince de la Roche sur Yon
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Philippe de Montespedon, dame de Beaupreau (+1578)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Henri, marquis de Beaupreau (154?–1560)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Jeanne (1547–1548)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Louis dit Helvis, évêque de Langres (+1565)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charlotte (1474–1520)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Engelbert de Clèves, comte de Nevers (+1506)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ └─>Isabelle (1475–1531), abbesse
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├i>Jacques de Vendôme (1455–1524), baron de Ligny
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Jeanne, dame de Rubempré
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Claude de Bourbon-Vendôme (1514–1595)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Antoinette de Bours, vicomtesse de Lambercourt (+1585)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Antoine (+1594), vicomte de Lambercourt
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Claude (+1620), vicomtesse de Lambercourt
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean, seigneur de Rambures
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Anne
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Claude de Crequi, seigneur d'Hemond
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Jacques (+1632), seigneur de Ligny et de Courcelles
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 1) Marie de Bommy
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) Louise de Gouy
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>François Claude (+1658)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Louise de Belleval
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>François, seigneur de Bretencourt
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jacqueline Tillette d'Achery
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>une fille mariée à un seigneur des Lyons
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>une fille mariée à un Fortel des Essarts
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charles, seigneur de Brétencourt
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Marguerite
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 1) Jacques de Monchy, seigneur d'Amerval (+1640)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) Antoine de Postel, seigneur de la Grange
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Marie Gabrielle (+1629)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Antoinette
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Alexandre de Touzin
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>André, seigneur de Rubempré
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 1) Anne de Busserade
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) Anne de Roncherolles
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jean (+jeune)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charles, seigneur de Rubempré (+1595)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis, seigneur de Rubempré (1574–1598)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Marguerite, dame de Rubempré
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean de Monchy, seigneur de Montcavrel
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Madeleine
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean, seigneur de Gonnelieu
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jeanne Marie, abbesse
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Marguerite, nonne
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jean (+1571), abbé de Cuisey
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jacques, moine
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Catherine (+1530)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean d'Estrées, seigneur de Cœuvres
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jeanne, abbesse
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Madeleine (+ 1588), abbesse
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ └i>Louis de Vendôme (+1510), évêque d'Avranches
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └i>Jean de Vendôme, seigneur de Preaux (1420–1496)
│ │ │ │ X 1) Jeanne d'Illiers
│ │ │ │ X 2) Gillette Perdrielle
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Jean, prêtre
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>François (+1540), prêtre
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Jacques
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Mathurine
│ │ │ │ │ X Pierre de Montigny, seigneur de la Boisse
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Louise
│ │ │ │ │ X Jean, seigneur des Loges
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └─>Marie
│ │ │ │ X 1) seigneur de La Velette en Limousin
│ │ │ │ X 2) Jacques de Gaudebert, seigneur des Forges
│ │ │ │
Maison deBourbon-Carency
│ │ │ ├─>Jean (1378–1457), seigneur de Carency
│ │ │ │ X 1) Catherine d'Artois (1397–1420)
│ │ │ │ X 2) Jeanne de Vendomois
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Louis(1417–1457)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Jean (1418–)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Jeanne (1419–)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Catherine (1421–)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Pierre (1424–1481), seigneur de Carency
│ │ │ │ │ X Philipotte de Plaines
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Jacques (1425–1494), seigneur de Carency
│ │ │ │ │ X Antoinette de la Tour (+1450)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charles, prince de Carency (1444–1504)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 1) Didere de Vergy
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) Antoinette de Chabannes (+1490)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 3) Catherine de Tourzel
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├3>Bertrand, prince de Carency (1494–1515)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├3>Jean (1500–1520), prince de Carency
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├3>Louise, princesse de Carency
│ │ │ │ │ │ X François de Perusse des Cars (+1550)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ └3>Jean (1446–), seigneur de Rochefort
│ │ │ │ │ X Jeanne de Lille
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Eleonore (1426–)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Andriette (1427–)
│ │ │ │ │
Maison deBourbon-Duisant
│ │ │ │ └2>Philippe, seigneur de Duisant (1429–1492)
│ │ │ │ X Catherine de Lalaing (+1475)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Antoine, seigneur de Duisant
│ │ │ │ │ X Jeanne de Habart
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Pierre
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Philippe II, seigneur de Duisant (+1530)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └─>Jeanne de Bourbon Duisant
│ │ │ │ X François Rolin, seigneur d'Aymerie
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├─>Marie, dame de Bréthencourt ((1386)
│ │ │ │ X Jean de Baynes, seigneur des Croix
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └─>Charlotte(1388–1422)
│ │ │ │ XJanus of Cyprus(1378–1432)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └i>Jean, batard de la Marche–1435
│ │ │
Maison deBourbon-Preaux
│ │ └─>Jacques, seigneur de Preaux (1346–1417)
│ │ X Marguerite de Preaux (+1417)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Louis, seigneur de Preaux (1389–1415)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Pierre, seigneur de Preaux (1390–1422)
│ │ │Elizabeth de Montagu (1397–1429)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Jacques II, seigneur de Preaux, baron de Thury (1391–1429)
│ │ │ X Jeanne de Montagu
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Charles, seigneur de Combles
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Jean (1394–)
│ │ │
│ │ └─>Marie, dame de Preaux (1387–1442)
│ │
│ └─>Béatrice (1320–1383)
│ │ X 1)Jean de Luxembourg(+1346), king of Bohemia
│ │ X 2) Eudes II de Grancey (+1389)
│ │
│ ├i>Jean, batard de Bourbon (+1375)
│ │ X 2) Laure de Bordeaux
│ │ X 3) Agnes de Chaleu
│ │ │
│ │ └─>Gérard de Bourbon
│ │
│ ├i>Jeannette
│ │ X Guichard de Chastellux
│ │
│ └i>Guy de Bourbon, seigneur de Cluys
│ X 2) Jeanne de Chastel-Perron
│ │
│ └─>Gérard de Bourbon, seigneur de Clessy
│ X 1) Jeanne de Chastillon
│ X 2) Alix de Bourbon-Montperoux
│ │
│ └─>Isabelle, Dame de Clessy
│ X 1) Bernard de Montaigu-Listenois
│ X 2) Guillaume de Mello, seigneur d'Epoisses
│
├─>Blanche (1281–1304)
│ XRobert VII, Count of Auvergne(+1325)
│
├─>Jean (1283–1316), baron de Charolais
│ X Jeanne d'Argies
│ │
│ ├─>Béatrice (1310–1364), dame de Charolais
│ │ XJean d'Armagnac(+1373)
│ │
│ └─>Jeanne (1312–1383)
│ XJohn I, Count of Auvergne(+1386)
│
├─>Pierre (1287–c.1330) prêtre
│
├─>Marie(1285–1372), prieure de Poissy
│
└─>Marguerite (1289–1309)
X Jean (1267–1330), margrave of Namur

Family trees

[edit]
See also:Family tree of French monarchsandFamily tree of Spanish monarchs

Simplified family trees showing the relationships between the Bourbons and the other branches of the Royal House of France.


From Louis IX to Louis XIV

[edit]
Direct Capetians
Louis IX
King of France
1214–1270
r. 1226–1270		Margaret
of Provence
1221–1295
House of Bourbon
Philip III
King of France
1245–1285
r. 1270–1285		Robert
Count of Clermont
1256–1317
r. 1268–1317		Beatrice
of Burgundy
1257–1310
House of Valois
Charles
Count of Valois
1270–1325
r. 1284–1325		Louis I
Duke of Bourbon
1279–1341
r. 1327–1341		Mary
of Avesnes
1280–1354
Philip VI
King of France
1293–1350
r. 1328–1350
John II
King of France
1319–1364
r. 1350–1364		Isabella
of Valois
1313–1383		Peter I
Duke of Bourbon
1311–1356
r. 1342–1356		James I
Count of La Marche
1319–1362
r. 1356–1362		Jeanne
of Châtillon
1320-1371[17]
Charles V
King of France
1338–1380
r. 1364–1380		Joanna
of Bourbon
1338–1378		Louis II
Duke of Bourbon
1337–1410
r. 1356–1410		Peter II
Count of La Marche
1342–1362
r. 1362		John I
Count of La Marche
1344–1393
r. 1362–1393		Catherine
of Vendôme
1354–1412
Charles VI
King of France
1368–1422
r. 1380–1422		John I
Duke of Bourbon
1381–1434
r. 1410–1434		Louis I
Duke of Orléans
1372–1407
r. 1392–1407		James II
Count of La Marche
1370–1438
r. 1393–1438		Louis
Count of Vendôme
1376–1446
r. 1393–1446		John
Lord of Carency
1378–1458
r. 1393–1458
Charles VII
King of France
1403–1461
r. 1422–1461		Charles I
Duke of Bourbon
1401–1456
r. 1434–1456		Louis I
Count of Montpensier
1405–1486
r. 1428–1486		John
Count of Angoulême
1399–1467		Eleanor
of Bourbon-La Marche
1407–aft.1464		Lords of Carency
Louis XI
King of France
1423–1483
r. 1461–1483		Joan
of France
1435–1482		John II
Duke of Bourbon
1426–1488
r. 1456–1488		Charles II
Duke of Bourbon
1434–1488
r. 1488		Louis
Bishop of Liège
1438–1482
r. 1456–1482		Gilbert
Count of Montpensier
1443–1496
r. 1486–1496		Charles
Count of Angoulême
1459–1496
r. 1467–1496		Dukes of NemoursJohn VIII
Count of Vendôme
1425–1477
r. 1446–1477
Anne
of France
1461–1522		Peter II
Count of La Marche
Duke of Bourbon
1438–1503
r. 1488–1503		Peter
ofBourbon-Busset
1464–1529		Francis
Count of Vendôme
1470–1495
r. 1477–1495		Louis
Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon
1473–1520		Louise
Duchess of Montpensier
1482–1561
r. 1538–1561
Suzanne
Duchess of Bourbon
1491–1521
r. 1503–1521		Charles III
Count of La Marche
Duke of Bourbon
1490–1527
r. 1521–1527		Philip
of Bourbon-Busset
1494–1557		Francis I
King of France
1494–1547
r. 1515–1547		Charles
Duke of Vendôme
1489–1537
r. 1514–1537		Louis
Duke of Montpensier
1513-1582
r. 1561–1582
Bourbon-Busset
illegitimate male-line		Henry II
King of France
1519–1559
r. 1547–1559		Jeanne III
d'Albret
Queen of Navarre
1528–1572
r. 1555–1572		Antoine
Duke of Vendôme
King of Navarre
1518–1562
r. 1555–1562		Louis
Prince of Condé
1530–1569
r. 1546–1569		Dukes of Montpensier
Margaret
of France
1553–1615		Henry IV
of Bourbon
King of France
1553–1610
r. 1589–1610		Marie
de' Medici
1575–1642		Henri I
Prince of Condé
1552–1588
r. 1569–1588
Louis XIII
King of France
1601–1643
r. 1610–1643		Henri II
Prince of Condé
1588–1646
r. 1588–1646
Louis XIV
King of France
1638–1715
r. 1643–1715		Louis II
Grand Condé
Prince of Condé
1621–1686
r. 1646–1686		Armand
Prince of Conti
1629–1666
r. 1629–1666
Henri Jules
Prince of Condé
1643–1709
r. 1686–1709
Louis III
Prince of Condé
1668–1710
r. 1709–1710		Louise Françoise
of Bourbon
1673–1743		Marie Thérèse
de Bourbon
1666–1732		François Louis
Grand Conti
Prince of Conti
1664–1709
r. 1685–1709		Louis Armand I
Prince of Conti
1661–1685
r. 1666–1685		Marie Anne
de Bourbon
1666–1739
Louis IV Henri
Prince de Condé
1692–1740
r. 1710–1740		Marie Anne
de Bourbon
1689–1720		Louise Élisabeth
de Bourbon
1693–1775		Louis Armand II
Prince of Conti
1695–1727
r. 1709–1727
Louis V
Joseph
Prince of Condé
1736–1818
r. 1740–1818		Louis François
Prince of Conti
1717–1776
r. 1727–1776
Louis VI Henri
Prince of Condé
1756–1830
r. 1818–1830		Louis François Joseph
Prince of Conti
1734–1814
r. 1776–1814
Louis Antoine
Duke of Enghien
1772–1804

Descent from Henry IV

[edit]
King of France
Henry IV
Kingdom of FranceKing of France
(1589–1610)
King of France
Louis XIII
Kingdom of FranceKing of France
(1610–1643)
King of France
Louis XIV
Kingdom of FranceKing of France
(1643–1715)		Duke of Orléans
Philippe I
Duke of Orléans

Louis
"Le Grand Dauphin" of France		Duke of Orléans
Philippe II
Duke of Orléans
Regent of France


Louis
"Le Petit Dauphin" of France		King of Spain
Philip V
SpainKing of Spain
(1700–1746)		Duke of Orléans
Louis
Duke of Orléans
King of France
Louis XV
Kingdom of FranceKing of France
(1715–1774)		King of Spain
Louis I
SpainKing of Spain
(1724)		King of Spain
Ferdinand VI
SpainKing of Spain
(1746–1759)		King of Spain
Charles III
SpainKing of Spain
(1759–1788)		Philip
Duchy of ParmaDuke of Parma
(1748–1765)		Duke of Orléans
Louis Philippe I
Duke of Orléans

Louis
Dauphin of France		King of Spain
Charles IV
SpainKing of Spain
(1788–1808)		Ferdinand
Duchy of ParmaDuke of Parma
(1765–1802)		Duke of Orléans
Louis Philippe II
(Philippe Égalité)
Duke of Orléans
King of France
Louis XVI
Kingdom of FranceKing of France
(1774–1791)
King of the French
(1791–1792)
Titular King of France
(1792–1793)		King of France
Louis XVIII
Kingdom of FranceTitular King of France
(1795–1804)
Legitimist pretender
(1804–1814)
King of France
(1814–1824)		King of France
Charles X
King of France
(1824–1830)
Legitimist pretender
(1830–1836)		King of Spain
Ferdinand VII
SpainKing of Spain
(1808; 1813–1833)		Francisco de PaulaCarlos
Count of MolinaCarlos V
SpainCarlist pretender
(1833–1845)		Louis I
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)King of Etruria
(1801–1803)		King of the French
Louis-Philippe I
FranceKing of the French
(1830–1848)
Orléanist pretender
(1848–1850)
King of France
Louis
Dauphin of France
Titular King of FranceasLouis XVII
Titular King of France
(1793–1795)		Louis-Antoine
Duke of Angoulême Dauphin of France
Titular King of FranceasLouis XIX
Legitimist pretender
(1836–1844)
Charles Ferdinand
Duke of Berry		Queen of Spain
Isabella II
SpainQueen of Spain
(1833–1868)		Francis
Duke of Cádiz
King consort of Spain		Carlos
Count of MontemolinCarlos VI
SpainCarlist pretender
(1845–1861)		Juan
Count of MontizónJuan III
SpainCarlist pretender
(1861–1868)
Titular King of FranceasJean III
Legitimist pretender
(1883–1887)		Louis II
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)King of Etruria
(1803–1807)Charles I
Duchy of LuccaDuke of Lucca
(1824–1847)Charles II
Duchy of ParmaDuke of Parma
(1847–1849)		Duke of Orléans
Ferdinand Philippe
Duke of Orléans
King of France
Henri
Count of Chambord
Titular King of FranceasHenri V
Legitimist pretender
(1844–1883)		King of Spain
Alfonso XII
SpainKing of Spain
(1874–1885)		Carlos
Duke of MadridCarlos VII
SpainCarlist pretender
(1868–1909)
Titular King of FranceasCharles XI
Legitimist pretender
(1887–1909)		Alfonso Carlos
Duke of San JaimeAlfonso Carlos I
SpainCarlist pretender
(1931–1936)
Titular King of FranceasCharles XII
Legitimist pretender
(1931–1936)		Charles III
Duchy of ParmaDuke of Parma
(1849–1854)		Philippe
Count of Paris
Titular King of FranceasPhilippe VII
FranceOrléanist pretender
(1850–1894)		Robert
Duke of Chartres
King of Spain
Alfonso XIII
SpainKing of Spain
(1886–1931)
Titular King of FranceasAlphonse I
Legitimist pretender
(1936–1941)		Jaime
Duke of MadridJaime III
SpainCarlist pretender
(1909–1931)
Titular King of FranceasJacques I
Legitimist pretender
(1909–1931)		Robert I
Duchy of ParmaDuke of Parma
(1854–1859)		Philippe
Duke of Orléans
Titular King of FranceasPhilippe VIII
FranceOrléanist pretender
(1894–1926)		Jean
Duke of Guise
Titular King of FranceasJean III
FranceOrléanist pretender
(1926–1940)
Jaime
Duke of SegoviaJaime IV
SpainCarlist pretender
(1941–1969)
Titular King of FranceasJacques IIor
Henri VI
Legitimist pretender
(1941–1975)		Juan
Count of Barcelona		Xavier
Duke of Parma
SpainCarlist regent
(1936–1952)Javier I
SpainCarlist pretender
(1952–1977)		Felix
Prince of Luxembourg		Henri
Count of Paris
Titular King of FranceasHenri VI
FranceOrléanist pretender
(1940–1999)
Alfonso
Duke of Anjou and Cádiz
Titular King of FranceasAlphonse II
Legitimist pretender
(1975–1989)		King of Spain
Juan Carlos I
SpainKing of Spain
(1975–2014)		Carlos Hugo
Duke of ParmaCarlos Hugo I
SpainCarlist pretender
(1977–1979)		Sixtus Henry
Prince of ParmaEnrique V
SpainCarlist pretender
(1979–present)		Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Jean
LuxembourgGrand Duke of Luxembourg
(1964–2000)		Henri
Count of Paris
Duke of France
Titular King of FranceasHenri VII
FranceOrléanist pretender
(1999–2019)
Louis
Duke of Anjou
Titular King of FranceasLouis XX
Legitimist pretender
(1989–present)		King of Spain
Felipe VI
SpainKing of Spain
(2014–present)		Carlos
Duke of ParmaCarlos Xavier II
SpainCarlist pretender
(2011–present)		Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Henri
LuxembourgGrand Duke of Luxembourg
(2000–present)		Jean
Count of Paris
Titular King of FranceasJean IV
FranceOrléanist pretender
(2019–present)

Louis
Duke of Burgundy
Dauphin of France		Princess of Asturias, Heir to the Throne
Leonor
Princess of Asturias		Carlos
Prince of Piacenza		Guillaume
Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg		Gaston
Count of Clermont


See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abtitular

References

[edit]
  1. ^The Governor General of Canada (12 November 2020)."Royal Banner of France – Heritage Emblem".Confirmation of the blazon of a Flag. February 15, 2008 Vol. V, p. 202.The Office of the Secretary to the Governor General.
  2. ^abcdefghijklmnopAnselme, Père.‘'Histoire de la Maison Royale de France'’, tome 4. Editions du Palais-Royal, 1967, Paris. pp. 144–146, 151–153, 175, 178, 180, 185, 187–189, 191, 295–298, 318–319, 322–329. (French).
  3. ^Bourbon-Bhopal, The Royal "House of Bourbon" in IndiaOfficial Website
  4. ^abChrisafis, Angelique (3 March 2007)."Found in India: The last king of France".The Guardian.
  5. ^ab"The next King of France? An Indian!".21 August 2007.
  6. ^ab"Bourbon of Indian vintage".Los Angeles Times.10 January 2008.
  7. ^Michel de Grèce(2007).Le Rajah Bourbon.Jean-Claude Lattès.ISBN978-2-7096-2922-5.
  8. ^"The lost Bourbon, in India".The Hindu.3 March 2007.
  9. ^Holt 1995,p. 147.
  10. ^Knecht 2014,p. 269.
  11. ^Haine, Scott (2000).The History of France(1st ed.). Greenwood Press. pp.65.ISBN0-313-30328-2.
  12. ^Levi 2004,p. 37.
  13. ^"The heart of Louis XVII, the son of Marie-Antoinette and Louis XVI who died in prison in 1795, has been laid to test in the crypt of Saint-Denis Basilica.(News)(Brief Article)." History Today. History Today Ltd. 2004. HighBeam Research. 18 September 2012; "Louis XVII officially died of TB at the age of ten in the Temple prison."
  14. ^Durant, WillandDurant, Ariel.The Story of Civilization,Part XI, The Age of Napoleon ". Simon & Schuster, New York, 1975. pp. 730–731, 774.
  15. ^In French:Ils n'ont rien appris, ni rien oublié.There is no historic evidence linking the saying to Talleyrand. It may derive from a similar lamentation about the royalists, found in a letter by Charles Louis Etienne, chevalier de Panat, a French naval officer, dated January 1796 and sent from London toMallet du Pan:personne n'a su ni rien oublier, ni rien apprendre( "nobody has been able to forget anything, nor to learn anything" ), included in:A. Sayou, ed. (1852).Mémoires et correspondance de Mallet du Pan.Vol. II. p. 197.
  16. ^Nicolas Louis Achaintre,Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of Bourbonvol. 1, ed. Didot, 1825, p. 30
  17. ^"Jeanne de Chatillon".

Sources

[edit]
  • Holt, Mack P. (1995).The French Wars of Religion, 1562–1629.Cambridge University Press.
  • Knecht, R. J. (2014).The French Civil Wars, 1562–1598.Routledge.
  • Levi, Anthony (2004).Louis XIV.Constable.

Further reading

[edit]
Wikisourcehas the text of the1911Encyclopædia Britannicaarticle "Bourbon".
  • Bergamini, John D.The Spanish Bourbons: The History of a Tenacious Dynasty.Putnam, 1974.
  • Lucien Edward Henry (1882). "Bourbons".The Royal Family of France:71–75.WikidataQ107259069.
  • Ogg, David.Europe in the Seventeenth Century(6th ed. 1965). pp 227–280
  • Petrie, Sir Charles.The Spanish Royal House.Geoffrey Bles, 1958.
  • Seward, Desmond.The Bourbon Kings of France.Barnes & Noble, 1976.
  • Shennan, J. H.The Bourbons: The History of a Dynasty(London, Hambledon Continuum, 2007).
  • Treasure, G.R.R.Seventeenth Century France(2nd ed. 1981), a leading scholarly survey
  • Treasure, G.R.R.Louis XIV(2001) short scholarly biography;excerpt
  • Wolf, John B.Louis XIV(1968), a long scholarly biographyonline editionArchived20 April 2012 at theWayback Machine

Other languages

[edit]
  • Van Kerrebrouck, Patrick.La Maison de Bourbon, 1256–1987.___v. Villeneuve d'Ascq, France: The Author, 1987–2000. [only Vol. 2 & Vol. 4 have been published as of 2005].
  • Klaus Malettke,Die Bourbonen. Band I: Von Heinrich IV. bis Ludwig XV. 1589–1715(Stuttgart,Kohlhammer Verlag,2008);Band II: Von Ludwig XV. bis Ludwig XVI. 1715–1789/92(Stuttgart, W. Kohlhammer, 2008);Band III: Von Ludwig XVIII. bis zu Louis Philippe 1814–1848(Stuttgart, W. Kohlhammer, 2009).
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toCapetian House of Bourbon.
House of Bourbon
Cadet branch of theCapetian dynasty
Founding year:1272
Preceded by Ruling houseof France
1589–1792 		Monarchy abolished
SeeFrench Revolution;
eventuallyHouse of Bonaparte
Preceded byasFrench Emperor Ruling houseof France
1814–1830 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Ruling houseof theDuchy of Burgundyand theBurgundian Netherlands
1700–1713 		Succeeded by
Ruling houseof Spain
1700–1808 		Succeeded by
Vacant
Title last held by
House of Trastámara 		Ruling HouseofNaplesandSicily
1753–1806
Preceded by Ruling houseof theKingdom of the Two Sicilies
1815–1860 		Kingdom abolished
Italian unificationunder theHouse of Savoy
Ruling houseof Spain
1813–1868 		Interregnum
Bourbon Monarchy overthrown inGlorious Revolution;
eventuallyHouse of Savoy
Vacant
Title last held by
House of Savoy 		Ruling House of Spain
1885–1931 		Second RepublicDeclared
Vacant
Title last held by
House of Bourbon 		Ruling House of Spain
1975–present 		Incumbent
Preceded by Ruling houseofLuxembourg
1964–present
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Bourbon&oldid=1248663009"