Hydrogen compressor
Ahydrogen compressoris a device that increases the pressure ofhydrogenby reducing its volume resulting incompressed hydrogenorliquid hydrogen.
Traditionally, applications for hydrogen compressors included Chlorine electrolyser and many chemical applications like the production of hydrogen peroxide (HPPO). The newer applications related to green and environmentally friendly technologies include fuel cells and electrolysis forhydrogen production.[1]
Compressor vs pump[edit]
Hydrogen compressors are closely related tohydrogen pumpsandgas compressors:both increase the pressure on afluidand both can transport the fluid through apipe.As gases are compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume of hydrogen gas, whereas the main result of a pump raising the pressure of aliquidis to allow theliquid hydrogento be transported elsewhere.
Types[edit]
Reciprocating piston compressors[edit]
A proven method to compress hydrogen is to apply reciprocating piston compressors. Widely used in refineries, they are the backbone of refining crude oil. Reciprocating piston compressors are commonly available as either oil-lubricated or non-lubricated; for high pressure (350 - 700 bar), non-lubricated compressors are preferred to avoid oil contamination of the hydrogen. Typical drive power is in the order of magnitude of Megawatts (300kW-15MW). Expert know-how on piston sealing and packing rings can ensure that reciprocating compressors outperform the competing technologies in terms of MTBO (Mean Time Between Overhaul).
Ionic liquid piston compressor[edit]
Anionic liquid piston compressoris a hydrogen compressor based on anionic liquidpiston instead of a metal piston as in a piston-metaldiaphragm compressor.[2]
Electrochemical hydrogen compressor[edit]
A multi-stageelectrochemical hydrogen compressorincorporates a series ofmembrane-electrode-assemblies(MEAs), similar to those used inproton-exchange membrane fuel cells;this type of compressor has no moving parts and is compact. The electrochemical compressor works similar to a fuel cell, a voltage is applied to the membrane and the resulting electric current pulls hydrogen through the membrane. With electrochemical compression of hydrogen, a pressure of 14500 psi (1000bar or 100MPa) is achieved. A patent is pending claiming anexergy efficiencyof 70 to 80% for pressures up to 10,000 psi or 700 bars.[3]A single stage electrochemical compression to 800 bar was reported in 2011.[4]
Hydride compressor[edit]
In ahydride compressor,thermal and pressure properties of ahydrideare used to absorb low-pressure hydrogen gas at ambient temperatures and then release high-pressure hydrogen gas at higher temperatures; the bed of hydride is heated with hot water or an electric coil.[5]
Piston-metal diaphragm compressor[edit]
Piston-metaldiaphragm compressorsare stationary high-pressure compressors, four-staged water-cooled, 11–15 kW, 30–50 Nm3/h 40 MPa for dispensation of hydrogen.[6]Since compression generates heat, the compressed gas is to be cooled between stages making the compression lessadiabaticand moreisothermal.The default assumption on diaphragm hydrogen compressors is anadiabaticefficiency of 70%.[7]Used inhydrogen stations.
Guided rotor compressor[edit]
Theguided rotor compressor(GRC) is a positive-displacement rotarycompressorbased upon an envoluted[check spelling]trochoidgeometry which utilizes a parallel trochoid curve to define its basic compression volume.[8][9]It has a typical 80 to 85%adiabaticefficiency.[10]
Linear compressor[edit]
The single-pistonlinear compressoruses dynamic counterbalancing, where an auxiliary movable mass is flexibly attached to a movable piston assembly and to the stationary compressor casing using auxiliary mechanical springs with zero vibration export at minimum electrical power and current consumed by the motor.[11]It is used incryogenics
Electric Pressure Machine[edit]
2023 saw the invention of a compressor cylinder which heats gas to multiply it's pressure. There is no pressure limit as any start pressure is multiplied. First public mention is in Patent Application No. PCT/AU2023/051351.
See also[edit]
- Compressed hydrogen– Gaseous state of the element hydrogen kept under pressure
- Hydrogen turboexpander-generator
- High-pressure electrolysis– electrolysis of water by decomposition of hydrogen or hydrogen
- Hydrogen embrittlement– Reduction in ductility of a metal exposed to hydrogen
- Hydrogen tank
- Hydrogen leak testing– testing of a hydrogen pressure vessel for leaks or flaws
References[edit]
- ^"Liquid Ring Technology | Hydrogen Compressors".nash.Retrieved2022-05-19.
- ^New developments in pumps and compressors using Ionic LiquidsArchived2011-07-18 at theWayback Machine
- ^Electrochemical hydrogen compressorArchived2010-06-12 at theWayback Machine
- ^HyET, Hydrogen Efficiency Technologies BV, achieves electro-chemical compression of hydrogen up to a pressure of 800 Bar
- ^Hydride compressorArchived2012-05-03 at theWayback Machine
- ^Piston-metal diaphragm compressor
- ^Efficiency and performance measurement of a pdc single stage diaphragm hydrogen compressor-Pag.32[permanent dead link]
- ^GRC - Detailed description and defining geometry
- ^Hydrogen delivery liquefaction & compressionArchived2012-03-14 at theWayback Machine
- ^"Mechanical properties".Archived fromthe originalon 2011-07-08.Retrieved2009-10-25.
- ^Valved linear compressorArchived2009-09-03 at theWayback Machine