Hyeonjong of Goryeo
 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(November 2013) |
| Hyeonjong of Goryeo 고려 현종 Cao lệ hiển tông | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KingofGoryeo | |||||||||
| Reign | 1009–1031 | ||||||||
| Coronation | 1009 Yeonchong Hall,Gaeju,Goryeo | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Mokjong of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Successor | Deokjong of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Born | Wang Sun 1 August 992 Gaeseong-bu,Goryeo | ||||||||
| Died | 17 June 1031 (aged 38) Junggwang Hall,Gaegyeong,Goryeo | ||||||||
| Burial | Seolleung (선릉, tuyên lăng ) | ||||||||
| Queen consort |
Queen Wonhwa | ||||||||
| Consort | |||||||||
| Issue |
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| |||||||||
| House | Wang | ||||||||
| Dynasty | Goryeo | ||||||||
| Father | Anjong of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Mother | Queen Dowager Hyosuk | ||||||||
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 현종 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Hyeonjong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Hyŏnjong |
| Birth name | |
| Hangul | 왕순 |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Wang Sun |
| McCune–Reischauer | Wang Sun |
| Courtesy name | |
| Hangul | 안세 |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Anse |
| McCune–Reischauer | Anse |
| Dharma name | |
| Hangul | 선재 |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Seonjae |
| McCune–Reischauer | Sŏnjae |
| Posthumous name | |
| Hangul | 원문대왕 |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Wonmun Daewang |
| McCune–Reischauer | Wŏnmun Taewang |
Hyeonjong of Goryeo(1 August 992 – 17 June 1031), personal nameWang Sun,was the 8th ruler of theGoryeo dynastyof Korea. He was a grandson of the dynastic founderKing Taejo.He was appointed by the military leaderKang Cho,whom the previousKing Mokjonghad called upon to destroy a plot byKim Ch'i-yang.During his reign, the Goryeo dynasty fought two wars against theKhitanLiao dynasty.
Biography
[edit]On 1 August 992, Wang Sun was born from an affair between PrinceWang Uk(later posthumously given the temple name Anjong) and his widowed niece,Queen Heonjeong.As a result of the affair, his father, Wang Uk, was exiled and his mother died in childbirth.[1]
Wang Sun was the heir to the childlessKing Mokjong,however the queen dowager,Queen Dowager Cheonchu,sought to have her child with her lover,Kim Ch'i-yang,as the next king. He was forced to become a monk.Queen Dowager Cheonchuwould attempt to send assassins to kill Wang Sun, however, the abbot of his temple managed to foil the attempts.[1]
In 1009, the military inspector of Seobukmyeon,Kang Cho,overthrew King Mokjong and installed Wang Sun as the next king of Goryeo. In 1010, the KhitanattackedGoryeo, using the deposition of King Mokjong as a casus belli. Hyeonjong was forced to flee the capital temporarily and with the help of GeneralKang Kam-ch'andirected the court to move far south to the port city ofNaju.[2]Kang Cho attempted to stop the foreign invaders but was defeated in battle and captured. While escaping from the Khitan invasion, Hyeonjong metKim Un-buin Gongju, and married his daughter,Queen Wonseong.In the end, Goryeo repulsed the Khitan and forced them to withdraw from the Korean land.[1]
In 1019, when Goryeo continued to refuse to submit or return the northern territories, the Khitan attacked once more. Goryeo generals, includingKang Kam-ch'an,were able to inflict heavy losses on the Khitan army in theBattle of Kwiju.[3]The Khitan withdrew without achieving their demands and never again invaded Goryeo. Both the Liao Dynasty and Goryeo enjoyed a time of peace, and their cultures were at their height.
Meantime, Hyeonjong ordered the compilation of theTripitaka Koreana,which was 6,000 volumes. It is the act of carving the woodblocks that was considered to be a way of bringing about a change in fortune by invoking the Buddha's help.
Family
[edit]- Father:Anjong of Goryeo
- Grandfather:Taejo of Goryeo
- Grandmother:Queen Sinseong
- Mother:Queen Dowager Hyosuk
- Grandfather:Daejong of Goryeo
- Grandmother:Queen Seonui
- Consorts and their Respective issue(s):
- Queen Wonjeong of the Seonsan Kim clan(994–1018); half first cousin once removed – No issue.
- Queen Wonhwa of the Gyeongju Choi clan(996–?); half first cousin once removed.
- Princess Hyojeong(1011–1030)
- Princess Cheonsu (천수전주; 1016–?)[4]
- Wang Su (왕수)[5]
- Queen Wonseong of the Ansan Kim clan(995–1028)
- Crown Prince Wang Heum(1016–1034)
- Wang Hyeong, Prince Pyeongnyang(1018–1046)
- Queen Inpyeong(1023–?)
- Princess Gyeongsuk (1025–?)[6]
- Queen Wonhye of the Ansan Kim clan(1000–1022)
- Wang Hwi, Prince Nakrang(1019–1083)
- Wang Gi, Duke Pyeongnyang(1021–1069)
- Queen Hyosa(1022–?)
- Queen Wonyong of the Chŏngju Yu clan(998–?); half first cousin once removed – No issue.
- Queen Wonmok of the Icheon Seo clan(998–1057) – No issue.
- Queen Wonpyeong of the Ansan Kim clan( d. 1028)
- Princess Hyogyeong (1026–?)[7]
- Pure Consort Wonsun of the Gyeongju Kim clan(995–?)
- Queen Gyeongseong(1015–1086)
- Noble Consort Wonjil of the Kaeseong Wang clan(1011–?) – No issue.
- Noble Consort, of the Yu clan (귀비 유씨;1000–?) – No issue.
- Palace Lady Hwon-yeong of the Yangju Han clan (궁인 한훤영;1000–?)
- Wang Chung (왕충;1025–?)[8]
- Palace Lady Yi (궁인 이씨;1005–?)
- Palace Lady Bak (궁인 박씨;1005–?)
- Lady Aji (아지;1025–?)
In popular culture
[edit]- Portrayed byKim Ji-hoonin the 2009KBS2TV seriesEmpress Cheonchu.
- Portrayed byKim Dong-junin the 2023 KBS2 TV seriesKorea–Khitan War.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^abcVermeersch, Sem (2013)."Royal Ancestor Worship and Buddhist Politics: The Hyŏnhwa-sa Stele and the Origins of the First Koryŏ Tripitaka".Journal of Korean Studies.18(1): 115–146.doi:10.1353/jks.2013.0008.ISSN2158-1665.Retrieved12 November2023.
- ^"Gang Gam-chan,the Great Goryeo General".KBS World. December 6, 2012.Retrieved24 January2024.
- ^"Goryeo-Khitan War and Qing invasion of Joseon".Dong A Ilbo. November 21, 2023.Retrieved24 January2024.
- ^천수전주(in Korean).
- ^《고려사》 권4, 세가4 현종1, 현종 7년(1016년) 6월 8일 (경진) – 왕자가 항춘전( hằng xuân điện )에서 태어나자, 왕수( vương tú )라는 이름을 하사하였다.
- ^경숙공주(in Korean).
- ^효경공주(in Korean).
- ^Married his half niece, Lady Yu (부인 유씨;Phụ nhân lưu thị) who was Deokjong's daughter. InGoryeosa,Wang Chung appeared with the title of "Geomgyotaesa" (검교태사, kiểm giáo thái sư; "Taesa" is a type of post that given to a servant, public servant, and high-ranking official during theGoryeodynasty period while "Geomgyo" is like a kind of honorary position) and a believer ofBuddhism.[1][2]
- 현종(in Korean).Doosan Encyclopedia.
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