International Commission on English in the Liturgy
TheInternational Commission on English in the Liturgy(ICEL) is a commission set up by a number ofepiscopal conferencesof English-speaking countries for the purpose of providing English translations of theliturgicalbooks of theRoman Rite,the originals of which are inLatin.[1]
Decisions to adopt these translations are made by theepiscopal conferenceof the country concerned,[2]and these decisions are reviewed by theHoly Seebefore being put into effect.[3]
Constitution
[edit]Bishops from English-speaking countries who were in Rome for theSecond Vatican Councilset up the Commission in 1963 in view of their intention to implement the Council's authorization to use more extensively[4]the vernacular language, instead of Latin, in the liturgy.[1]On 15 September 2003, ICEL was formally established as a mixed commission of several bishops conferences in accordance with the instructionLiturgiam authenticam.[1]
Eleven bishops conferences are full members of ICEL, each of them represented by a bishop. Those full members of ICEL are the conferences ofAustralia,Canada,England and Wales,India,Ireland,New Zealand,Pakistan,thePhilippines,Scotland,South Africa,and theUnited States of America.[1]Another 15 are associate members: those of theAntilles,Bangladesh, CEPAC (Pacific islands), Gambia - Liberia - Sierra Leone, Ghana, Kenya, Malaysia - Singapore, Malawi, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.[1]The eleven member bishops are assisted by the ICEL secretariat in Washington, which coordinates the work of specialists throughout the world who work on preparing translations.[1]
Work done
[edit]Liturgical books that have appeared in ICEL translations (some of which have been superseded) include:[5]
- TheRoman Missal,and some supplementary texts such as theSimple Gradual,and Eucharistic Prayers for Masses with Children
- Parts of theRoman Ritual:[6]rites for thesacramentswhose administration is not reserved for bishops, funerals, religious profession, etc.
- Parts of theRoman Pontifical:the rites ofconfirmationandordination,blessing of a church and altar, consecration to a life of virginity, etc.
- Parts of theLiturgy of the Hours.TheICEL Psalterwas rejected,[7]and published editions of the Liturgy of the Hours use instead the 1983Grail Psalter.[8]Even the ICEL elements used in the United States edition of theLiturgy of the Hours[9]were not accepted by other episcopal conferences, which preferred to authorize a different translation.
- TheCeremonial of Bishops
- TheRoman Martyrologyhas not yet been translated into English.[6]
- In late 2013, work was proceeding on:
- The Order of Confirmation
- The Order of Celebrating Marriage
- The Order of Dedication of a Church and an Altar
- Exorcisms and Certain Supplications
- Supplement to the Liturgy of the Hours[10]
Roman Missal
[edit]Of all the books that ICEL translated, the Roman Missal is the one that Catholics in general are most familiar with. The first translation that ICEL produced appeared in 1973, less than four years after the Latin original had appeared. In keeping with the 1969 Vatican instruction on translationComme le prévoit,it was not a literal translation of the Latin texts but sought what has come to be called "dynamic equivalence,"capturing the meaning of the prayer but avoiding technical terms:" no special literary training should be required of the people; liturgical texts should normally be intelligible to all, even to the less educated ".[11]The resulting English translation of the Roman Missal (calledSacramentaryin the United States) received wide acceptance, but was also criticized for straying too far from the Latin originals and for occasional banality in the language.[12]
By 1998, ICEL completed a new version in English of the Roman Missal. This translation included richer translations of the Latin texts, but it also included original compositions prepared by ICEL, particularly alternative collects based on the Sunday Lectionary, an alternative contemporary form of the Easter Proclamation (Exsultet), variant texts in theOrder of Mass,and some options in the rubrics, particularly around the celebration of weekday Masses. This new translation was approved by all the bishops' conferences that were members of ICEL and was submitted to theCongregation of Divine Worshipfor confirmation, as required bycanon law.[13]The Congregation, whose work on a new edition of the Roman Missal in Latin was already well advanced – part of it was published in 2000 and the entire volume in 2002 – refused its consent for adoption of the proposed new English version based on the earlier Latin edition.
On 28 March 2001, the Congregation for Divine Worship issued the InstructionLiturgiam authenticam,which included the requirement that, in translations of the liturgical texts from the official Latin originals, "the original text, insofar as possible, must be translated integrally and in the most exact manner, without omissions or additions in terms of their content, and without paraphrases or glosses. Any adaptation to the characteristics or the nature of the various vernacular languages is to be sober and discreet." In the following year, the third typical edition[14]of the revised Roman Missal in Latin was released. These two texts made clear the need for a new official English translation of the Roman Missal, particularly because even the 1973 ICEL version was at some points an adaptation rather than a translation. An example was the rendering of the response "Et cum spiritu tuo"(" And with your spirit ") as" And also with you ".
To correspond with the demands of the Congregation for Divine Worship, there was a change in the leadership of the ICEL in 2002.[15]After this ICEL prepared a new English translation of the Roman Missal, which followed the principle of "formal equivalence"mandated byLiturgiam Authenticam.The completed translation received the approval of the Holy See in April 2010[16]and was put into effect in most countries at the end of November 2011. Before and after its implementation, this translation generated controversy both because of its language and syntax, and because of the process by which it was prepared.[17]
Chairmen
[edit]| List of Chairmen of the ICEL | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Chairman | Dates | Notes |
| 1 | Francis Joseph Grimshaw | (d. 1965) | Archbishop of Birmingham,England and Wales |
| 2 | Paul John Hallinan | (d. 1968) | Archbishop of Atlanta,USA |
| 3 | Gordon Gray | Archbishop of St. Andrews and Edinburgh,Scotland | |
| 4 | Emmett Carter | Archbishop of Toronto,Canada | |
| 5 | Denis Hurley | 1975–1991 | Archbishop of Durban,South Africa |
| 6 | Daniel Edward Pilarczyk | 1991–1997 | Archbishop of Cincinnati,USA |
| 7 | Maurice Taylor | 1997–2002 | Bishop of Galloway,Scotland |
| 8 | Arthur Roche | 2002–2012 | Bishop of Leeds,England and Wales |
| 9 | Arthur J. Serratelli | 2012–2019 | Bishop of Paterson,USA |
| 10 | Hugh Gilbert | 2019–present | Bishop of Aberdeen,Scotland |
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^abcdef"Welcome to ICEL".www.icelweb.org.
- ^"It is for the competent territorial ecclesiastical authority mentioned in Art. 22, 2, to decide whether, and to what extent, the vernacular language is to be used; their decrees are to be approved, that is, confirmed, by the Apostolic See. And, whenever it seems to be called for, this authority is to consult with bishops of neighbouring regions which have the same language. Translations from the Latin text into the mother tongue intended for use in the liturgy must be approved by the competent territorial ecclesiastical authority mentioned above" (Sacrosanctum Concilium,Second Vatican Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, art. 36, 3-4).
- ^"Code of Canon Law: text - IntraText CT".www.intratext.com.
- ^"Since the use of the mother tongue, whether in the Mass, the administration of the sacraments, or other parts of the liturgy, frequently may be of great advantage to the people, the limits of its employment may be extended" (Sacrosanctum Concilium,art. 36, 2).
- ^http://www.icelweb.org/copyrightICEL.htmICEL Copyrighted Materials
- ^ab"References to theRoman Ritualin theRoman Missal"in Newsletter of the USCCB Committee on Divine Worship, January 2013
- ^Ronald D. Witherup, "ICEL and Liturgical Translations" inAmerica,7 October 2000
- ^"Liturgy Office - Approved Versions of Scripture".www.liturgyoffice.org.uk.
- ^Listed ineBreviarypresentation of that edition
- ^"Slowly but surely: new liturgical books on the way".26 July 2013.
- ^[Comme le prévoit, 15]
- ^"Peter J. Elliott," Liturgical Translation: A Question of Truth "inAntiphon 10.3 (2006): 228-238"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 11 November 2013.Retrieved11 November2013.
- ^"Code of Canon Law - IntraText".www.vatican.va.
- ^The "typical edition" of a liturgical text is that to which editions by other publishers must conform.
- ^Larivee, Rita C."The Word From Rome".www.nationalcatholicreporter.org.Retrieved3 May2017.
- ^"Welcome to ICEL".www.icelweb.org.
- ^"The New Roman Missal: A selection of America's coverage".America Magazine.8 October 2012.Retrieved3 May2017.
Further reading
[edit]- Wilkins, John (2005)."Lost in Translation".Commonweal.Vol. 132, no. 21. New York.ISSN0010-3330.