ISO/IEC 80000

ISO/IEC 80000,Quantities and units,is aninternational standarddescribing theInternational System of Quantities(ISQ). It was developed and promulgated jointly by theInternational Organization for Standardization(ISO) and theInternational Electrotechnical Commission(IEC). It serves as a style guide for usingphysical quantitiesandunits of measurement,formulas involving them, and their corresponding units, in scientific and educational documents for worldwide use. The ISO/IEC 80000 family of standards was completed with the publication of the first edition of Part 1 in November 2009.

Overview

By 2021, ISO/IEC 80000 comprised 13 parts, two of which (parts 6 and 13) were developed by IEC and the remaining 11 were developed by ISO, with a further three parts (15, 16 and, 17) under development. Part 14 was withdrawn.

Part	Year	Name	Replaces	Status
ISO 80000-⁠1	2022	General	ISO 31-⁠0,IEC 60027-⁠1,andIEC 60027-⁠3	published
ISO 80000-⁠2	2019	Mathematics	ISO 31-⁠11andIEC 60027-⁠1	published
ISO 80000-⁠3	2019	Spaceandtime	ISO 31-⁠1andISO 31-⁠2	published
ISO 80000-⁠4	2019	Mechanics	ISO 31-⁠3	published
ISO 80000-⁠5	2019	Thermodynamics	ISO 31-⁠4	published
IEC 80000-⁠6	2022	Electromagnetism	ISO 31-⁠5	published
ISO 80000-⁠7	2019	Lightandradiation	ISO 31-⁠6	published
ISO 80000-⁠8	2020	Acoustics	ISO 31-⁠7	published
ISO 80000-⁠9	2019	Physical chemistryandmolecular physics	ISO 31-⁠8	published
ISO 80000-⁠10	2019	Atomicandnuclear physics	ISO 31-⁠9andISO 31-⁠10	published
ISO 80000-⁠11	2019	Characteristic numbers	ISO 31-⁠12	published
ISO 80000-⁠12	2019	Condensed matter physics	ISO 31-⁠13	published
IEC 80000-⁠13	2008	Information scienceandtechnology	subclauses 3.8 and 3.9 ofIEC 60027-⁠2:2005	published
IEC 80000-⁠14	2008	Telebiometricsrelated to human physiology	IEC 60027-⁠7	withdrawn
IEC 80000-⁠15		Logarithmicand related quantities		under development
IEC 80000-⁠16		Printing and writing rules		under development
IEC 80000-⁠17		Time dependency		under development

Subject areas

By 2021 the 80000 standard had 13 published parts. A description of each part is available online, with the complete parts for sale.

Part 1: General

ISO 80000-⁠1:2022 revised ISO 80000-⁠1:2009, which replaced ISO 31-⁠0:1992 and ISO 1000:1992. This document gives general information and definitions concerning quantities, systems of quantities, units, quantity and unit symbols, and coherent unit systems, especially the International System of Quantities (ISQ). The descriptive text of this part is available online.

Part 2: Mathematics

ISO 80000-⁠2:2019 revised ISO 80000-⁠2:2009,which supersededISO 31-⁠11. It specifies mathematical symbols, explains their meanings, and gives verbal equivalents and applications. The descriptive text of this part is available online.

Part 3: Space and time

ISO 80000-⁠3:2019 revised ISO 80000-⁠3:2006,which supersedesISO 31-⁠1andISO 31-⁠2. It gives names, symbols, definitions and units for quantities of space and time. The descriptive text of this part is available online.

A definition of thedecibel,included in the original 2006 publication, was omitted in the 2019 revision, leaving ISO/IEC 80000 without a definition of this unit; a new part of the standard, IEC 80000-⁠15 (Logarithmic and related quantities), is under development.

Part 4: Mechanics

ISO 80000-⁠4:2019 revised ISO 80000-⁠4:2006,which supersededISO 31-⁠3. It gives names, symbols, definitions and units for quantities of mechanics. The descriptive text of this part is available online.

Part 5: Thermodynamics

ISO 80000-⁠5:2019 revised ISO 80000-⁠5:2007,which supersededISO 31-⁠4.It gives names, symbols, definitions and units for quantities ofthermodynamics.The descriptive text of this part is available online.

Part 6: Electromagnetism

IEC 80000-⁠6:2022 revised IEC 80000-⁠6:2008,which supersededISO 31-⁠5as well as IEC 60027-⁠1. It gives names, symbols, and definitions for quantities and units ofelectromagnetism.The descriptive text of this part is available online.

Part 7: Light and radiation

ISO 80000-⁠7:2019 revised ISO 80000-⁠7:2008,which supersededISO 31-⁠6. It gives names, symbols, definitions and units for quantities used forlightandoptical radiationin thewavelengthrange of approximately 1 nm to 1 mm. The descriptive text of this part is available online.

Part 8: Acoustics

ISO 80000-⁠8:2020 revised ISO 80000-⁠8:2007,which revised ISO 31-⁠7:1992.It gives names, symbols, definitions, and units for quantities ofacoustics.The descriptive text of this part is available online.

It has a foreword, scope introduction, scope, normative references (of which there are none), as well as terms, and definitions. It includes definitions ofsound pressure,sound power,andsound exposure,and their correspondinglevels:sound pressure level,sound power level,andsound exposure level.It includes definitions of the following quantities:

• logarithmic frequency range
• static pressure
• sound pressure
• sound particle displacement
• sound particle velocity
• sound particle acceleration
• volume flow rate,volume velocity
• sound energy density
• sound energy
• sound power
• sound intensity
• sound exposure
• characteristic impedance forlongitudinal waves
• acoustic impedance
• sound pressure level
• sound power level
• sound exposure level
• reverberation time

Part 13: Information science and technology

IEC 80000-⁠13:2008 was reviewed and confirmed in 2022 and published in 2008, and replaced subclauses 3.8 and 3.9 of IEC 60027-⁠2:2005 andIEC 60027-⁠3.It defines quantities and units used ininformation scienceandinformation technology,and specifies names and symbols for these quantities and units. It has a scope; normative references; names, definitions, and symbols; and prefixes forbinarymultiples.

Quantities defined in this standard are:

• traffic intensity[A]:number of simultaneously busy resources in a particular pool of resources
• traffic offered intensity [A₀]:traffic intensity... of the traffic that would have been generated by the users of a pool of resources if their use had not been limited by the size of the pool
• traffic carried intensity [Y]:traffic intensity... of the traffic served by a particular pool of resources
• mean queue length [L,(Ω)]: time average of queue length
• loss probability [B]:probability for losing a call attempt
• waiting probability [W]:probability for waiting for a resource
• call intensity, calling rate [λ]:number of call attempts over a specified time interval divided by the duration of this interval
• completed call intensity [μ]:call intensity... for the call attempts that result in the transmission of an answersignal
• storage capacity,storage size [M]
• equivalent binary storage capacity [M_e]
• transfer rate [r,(ν)]
• period of data elements [T]
• binary digitrate, bit rate [r_b,r_bit(ν_b,ν_bit)]
• period ofbinary digits,bit period [T_b,T_bit]
• equivalent binary digit rate, equivalent bit rate [r_e,(ν_e)]
• modulation rate,line digit rate [r_m,u]
• quantizing distortion power [T_Q]
• carrier power [P_c,C]
• signal energy per binary digit [E_b,E_bit]
• error probability [P]
• Hamming distance[d_n]
• clock frequency,clock rate [f_cl]
• decision content [D_a]
• information content[I(x)]
• entropy[H]
• maximum entropy[H₀,(H_max)]
• relative entropy[H_r]
• redundancy[R]
• relative redundancy [r]
• joint information content [I(x,y)]
• conditional information content [I(x|y)]
• conditional entropy,mean conditional information content, average conditional information content [H(X|Y)]
• equivocation[H(X|Y)]
• irrelevance[C]
• transinformation content [T(x,y)]
• mean transinformation content [T]
• character mean entropy [H′]
• average information rate[H*]
• character mean transinformation content [T′]
• average transinformation rate [T*]
• channel capacity per character;channel capacity[C′]
• channel time capacity; channel capacity [C*]

The standard also includes definitions for units relating to information technology, such as theerlang(E),bit(bit),octet(o),byte(B),baud(Bd),shannon(Sh),hartley(Hart), and thenatural unit of information(nat).

Clause 4 of the standard defines standardbinary prefixesused to denote powers of 1024 as 1024¹(kibi-), 1024²(mebi-), 1024³(gibi-), 1024⁴(tebi-), 1024⁵(pebi-), 1024⁶(exbi-), 1024⁷(zebi-), and 1024⁸(yobi-).

International System of Quantities

Main article:International System of Quantities

Part 1 of ISO 80000 introduces the International System of Quantities and describes its relationship with theInternational System of Units(SI). Specifically, its introduction states "The system of quantities, including the relations among the quantities used as the basis of the units of the SI, is named theInternational System of Quantities,denoted 'ISQ', in all languages. "It further clarifies that" ISQ is simply a convenient notation to assign to the essentially infinite and continually evolving and expanding system of quantities and equations on which all of modern science and technology rests. ISQ is a shorthand notation for the 'system of quantities on which the SI is based'. "

Units of the ISO and IEC 80000 series

The standard includes all SI units but is not limited to only SI units. Units that form part of the standard but not the SI include the units of information storage (bitandbyte), units ofentropy(shannon,natural unit of informationandhartley), and theerlang(a unit of traffic intensity).

The standard includes allSI prefixesas well as thebinary prefixeskibi-, mebi-, gibi-, etc., originally introduced by theInternational Electrotechnical Commissionto standardise binary multiples of byte such asmebibyte(MiB), for1024²bytes, to distinguish them from their decimal counterparts such asmegabyte(MB), for precisely 1 million (1000²) bytes. In the standard, the application of the binary prefixes is not limited to units of information storage. For example, a frequency 10octavesabove 1 hertz, i.e., 2¹⁰Hz (1024 Hz), is 1 kibihertz (1 KiHz).Thesebinary prefixeswere standardized first in a 1999 addendum toIEC 60027-⁠2.The harmonized IEC 80000-⁠13:2008 standard cancels and replaces subclauses 3.8 and 3.9 of IEC 60027-⁠2:2005, which had defined the prefixes for binary multiples. The only significant change in IEC 80000-⁠13 is the addition of explicit definitions for some quantities.

See also

• International Vocabulary of Metrology
• International System of Units
• BIPM– publishes freely available information on SI units
• NIST– official U.S. representative for SI; publishes freely available guide to use of SI

External links

• BIPM SI Brochure
• ISO TC12 standards– Quantities, units, symbols, conversion factors
• NIST Special Publication 330– The International System of Units
• NIST Special Publication 811– Guide for the Use of the International System of Units