Idrieus
| Idrieus | |
|---|---|
 Coinage of Idrieus.Obv:Head ofApollowearing laurel wreath, drapery at neck.Rev:legend ΙΔΡΙΕΩΣ ( "IDRIEOS" ), ZeusLabraundosstanding. Circa 351/0 to 344/3 BCE.[1] | |
| Satrap ofCaria | |
| Reign | 351–344 BC, |
| Predecessor | Artemisia II |
| Successor | Ada |
| Born | 4th century BCE. |
| Died | 344 BCE. Halicarnassus,Caria,Persian Empire (modern-dayBodrum,Muğla,Turkey) |
| Consort | Ada |
| House | Hecatomnids |
| Father | Hecatomnus |
| Hecatomnid dynasty (DynastsofCaria) | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Idrieus,orHidrieus(Ancient Greek:Ἱδριεύς,romanized:Hidrieús;died 344 BC) was a ruler ofCariaas aSatrapunder theAchaemenid Empire.Alongside his sister and wifeAda,he enjoyed the status of king ordynastby virtue of the powerful position he inherited from his predecessors of the House ofHecatomnus(theHecatomnids).
Biography
[edit]Idrieus was the second son ofHecatomnus,and was married to his sisterAda.[3]Alongside Ada, he succeeded to the throne on the death of his sisterArtemisia II of Cariain 351 BC.
Shortly after his accession he was required by thePersianking,Artaxerxes III Ochus,to provide arms and troops for the capture ofCyprus,a request with which he readily complied. He equipped a fleet of 40triremesand assembled an army of 8000 mercenary troops. These were despatched for use againstCyprusunder the command ofEvagorasand theAtheniangeneralPhocion.This is the only recorded event preserved from his reign. However; it can be inferred fromIsocratesthat by 346 BC[4]the friendly relations between Idrieus and the Persian king had not continued and there appears to have been open hostility between the two.
But the hostility of Persia did not interfere with Caria's prosperity, for in the same passage by Isocrates, Idrieus is described as one of the most wealthy and powerful of the princes of Asia andDemosthenesadvises[5]that Idrieus had added the important islands ofChios,Cos,andRhodesto his hereditary dominions.
Idrieus was an active builder, as attested inHalicarnassus.He may have finished theMausoleum,the tomb of his brotherMausolus,begun by their sister, Mausolus' wife, and his own immediate predecessor, Artemisia II, which had been left unfinished at her death.[citation needed]He was active atLabraunda,where he continued the Hellenistic style construction begun there earlier by Hecatomnus and Mausolus. Inscriptions show that he dedicated the temple of Zeus, the southern and eastern entrances (propyla), and built the so-called 'Doric house' (oikos).[6]Unlike Mausolus, Idrieus called himself 'Mylasan' (Ancient Greek:Ιδριεὺς Ἑκατόμνω Μυλασεὺς) in his inscribed dedications, emphasising his local roots. Some of these dedications may therefore have predated his reign as satrap; it has been theorised that Idrieus and Ada used the so-called 'Andron A' at Labraunda as a palace while Mausolus and Artemisia II were still alive.[7]
Idrieus died of a disease in 344 BC, after a reign of seven years, and was succeeded by his sister and wife Ada.[8]His sister shared his rule in a junior capacity throughout his life, and appeared alongside him in dynastic portraits at Mylasa,Tegeain thePeloponnese,and statues atDelphidedicated by the people ofMiletosin Caria.[9][10]A remarkableCarian languageinscription fromSinurirecords a joint edict in both their names: 'Idrieus (son) of Hecatomnus and Ada (daughter) of Hecatomnus',[id]ryin k̂tmñoś sb ada k̂tmñoś([𐤧𐊢]
𐋈𐤧𐊵 𐊴𐊭𐊪𐊳𐊫𐊸 𐊰𐊩𐊠𐊢𐊠 𐊴𐊭𐊪𐊳𐊫𐊸).[11][12][13][14][15]
References
[edit]- Smith, William(editor);Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology,"Idrieus",Boston,(1867)
Notes
[edit]- ^"Ex von Aulock Collection".Classical Numismatic Group (CNG).2007.
- ^Precise date of 341-334 BC according to MeadowsCNG: CARIA, Achaemenid Period. Circa 350-334 BC. AR Tetradrachm (15.07 g, 12h). Struck circa 341-334 BC.
- ^Sears, Matthew A. (2014)."Alexander and Ada Reconsidered".Classical Philology.109(3): 213.doi:10.1086/676285.ISSN0009-837X.JSTOR10.1086/676285.S2CID170273543.
Hecatomnus had several children, all of whom would rule at some point following his death. After his eldest son Mausolus, his other children were Artemisia, Idrieus, Ada, and Pixodarus. The children of Hecatomnus practiced monogamous sibling marriage, with Mausolus marrying Artemisia and Idrieus marrying Ada.
- ^Isocrates,Speeches and Letters,"To Philip",102
- ^Demosthenes,Speeches,"On the Peace",25
- ^Crampa, Jonas (1972).Labraunda. Swedish Excavations and Researches, III,2. The Greek Inscriptions 13-133.Stockholm: Svenska Institutet i Athen.
- ^Pedersen, Poul (2009). "The Palace of Maussollos in Halikarnassos and Some Thoughts on Its Karian and International Context". In Rumscheid, Frank (ed.).Die Karer und die Anderen internationales Kolloquium an der Freien Universität Berlin, 13. bis 15. Oktober 2005.Bonn: Habelt. pp. 315–348.ISBN978377493632-4.
- ^Diodorus Siculus,Bibliotheca,xvi. 42,45,69;Strabo,Geography,xiv. 2;Arrian,Anabasis Alexandri,i. 23
- ^Carney, Elizabeth Donnelly (2005)."Women and Dunasteia in Caria".The American Journal of Philology.126(1): 65–91.doi:10.1353/ajp.2005.0016.JSTOR1562184.S2CID162235783.
- ^Diler, Adnan (2021). "The Hekatomneion in Mylasa. Preliminary Studies on the Cult". In Pedersen, Poul; Poulson, Birte; Lund, John (eds.).Karia and the Dodekanese. Cultural Interrelations in the Southeast Aegean. I: Late Classical to Early Hellenistic.Oxford: Oxbow. pp. 87–106.ISBN9781789255102.
- ^Ray, John D. (1990)."A Carian Text: The Longer Inscription From Sinuri".Kadmos.29(2): 126–132.doi:10.1515/kadm.1990.29.2.126.S2CID162364677.
- ^Schürr, Diether (1992)."Schürr (1992) Zur Bestimmung der Lautwerte des karischen Alphabets 1971–1991".Kadmos.31(2): 127–156.doi:10.1515/kadm.1992.31.2.127.S2CID163024969.
- ^Adiego, Ignasi-Xavier (2000)."La Inscripción Greco-Caria de los Hecatómnidas en el Santuario de Sinuri".Kadmos.39(1–2): 133–158.doi:10.1515/kadm.2000.39.1-2.133.S2CID162845276.
- ^Adiego, Ignasi-Xavier (2007).The Carian Language.Leiden: Brill.ISBN9789004152816.
- ^Simon, Zsolt (2020). "The Carian verb (i)mδa".Res Antiquae.17:399–412.
External links
[edit]- Livius,IdrieusArchived2013-05-01 at theWayback Machineby Jona Lendering
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Smith, William,ed. (1870). "Idrieus".Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.