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Illescas, Toledo

Coordinates:40°07′N3°50′W/ 40.117°N 3.833°W/40.117; -3.833
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Illescas
Municipality
Flag of Illescas
Flag
Coat of arms of Illescas
Coat of arms
Illescas is located in Spain
Illescas
Illescas
Location of Illescas within the Castile-La Mancha
Illescas is located in Castilla-La Mancha
Illescas
Illescas
Illescas (Castilla-La Mancha)
Coordinates:40°07′N3°50′W/ 40.117°N 3.833°W/40.117; -3.833
CountrySpain
Autonomous communityCastilla–La Mancha
ProvinceToledo
Government
• MayorJosé Manuel Tofiño
Area
• Total56.75 km2(21.91 sq mi)
Elevation
583 m (1,913 ft)
Population
(2018)[1]
• Total28,064
• Density490/km2(1,300/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1(CET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+2(CEST)

Illescasis a town andmunicipalityofSpainlocated in theprovince of Toledo,Castilla–La Mancha.[2]The municipality spans across a total area of 56.75 km2and, as of 1 January 2020, it has a registered population of 30,229,[2]which makes it the third most populated municipality in the province. It belongs to the traditionalcomarcaofLa Sagra.

Name[edit]

The first name reported in the middle ages was that ofElesches.[3]Ensuing variations includeIlesches,Ilescas,Ailescas,Hilesques,YleschesandHylesques.[3]

A tentative identification withEgelesta,mentioned in classical sources such asPtolemy,has been proposed.[4]It may be thus related to the Iberian-Basque 'egi-' ( "hill line", "hillside" ), whereas other authors relateIllescasto the proto-indoeuropean 'il' ( "city" ).[5]

History[edit]

Placed within the municipal limits to the southwest of the town, El Cerrón archaeological site was aCarpetanisettlement.[6]

Illescas was acquired byAlfonso VIIfrom the Bishop of Segovia in exchange of Aguilafuente and Bobadilla.[7]A population charter was granted in 1154, bestowing a number of privileges to theGasconsettlers.[8]It was effectively transferred to ArchbishopCerebruno[es]in 1176,[9]hereby becoming a seigneurial dominion of theMitre of Toledo.[7]In the 14th century, the inhabitants sought to free themselves from the ecclesiastical yoke, which was however confirmed by the Crown in 1329, although the monarch retained control over themoreríaand thejudería.[10]The town was sacked in 1441.[11]By the 15th century, Illescas was a walled town that enjoyed an importantmarketplaceand levied a gate tax (from which Madrilenians were exempted).[12]It was incorporated to the Crown in May 1575, hereby becoming arealengo[es]town ('royal demesne').[13]

The town gained a railway link in 1876.

The town's population experienced a steady growth throughout the 20th century.[14][n. 1]Population boomed in the first two decades of the 21st century, roughly increasing threefold.[16]Thanks to the location, communications and available land, Illescas became a majorlogisticscentre in Spain by the early 21st century.[17][18]

Geography[edit]

The town is located on a plain between Madrid and Toledo. It belongs to the region ofLa Sagraand to the north borders withCasarrubuelos,Cubas de la Sagra,Torrejón de la CalzadaandTorrejón de Velasco.To the east it borders withYelesand thehouse of Campsota.To the south it borders withNumancia de la Sagraand to the west it borders withCedillo del Condado,El Viso de San Juan,Ugena,Carranqueand the west of Toledo.

Monuments[edit]

  • Arco de Ugena is the remaining fragment of the oldPuerta de Ugena,a door made of wood in theMudéjarstyle. The wall had five doors and theArco de Ugenais the last one standing. It is thought to have been built in the 11th century, whenAlfonso VIwanted to wall the village.
  • Convento de la Concepción de la Madre de Dios was built in 1514 byCardinal Cisneros.The firstmother superior,Inés de la Concepción, was Cardinal Cisneros's cousin.
  • Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Caridad was built between the 16th and 17th centuries.
  • Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Caridad was built in 1500. It hosts five paintings byEl Greco:Saint Ildefonsusand four of the five painted for its high altarpiece (Charity,Coronation of the Virgin,NativityandAnnunciation).
  • Iglesia parroquial and Torre Mudéjar; in 1920 this was declared a national monument.
  • Calle Real is a densely populated main street.
  • Plaza de las Cadenas is located in front of theIglesia de la Caridad,next to the ent.
  • Olmo del Milagro is a 500-year-oldelm.

References[edit]

Informational notes
  1. ^1728 (1900), 1758 (1910), 1853 (1920), 2091 (1930), 2168 (1940), 2129 (1950), 2560 (1960), 4246 (1970), 4854 (1975), 6054 (1981).[15]
References
  1. ^Municipal Register of Spain 2018.National Statistics Institute.
  2. ^ab"Datos del Registro de Entidades Locales".Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital.Retrieved8 June2021.
  3. ^abGarcía Sánchez 2002,p. 241.
  4. ^García Sánchez 2002,p. 240.
  5. ^Jiménez de Gregorio 2002,p. 94.
  6. ^Salinas de Frías 2007,p. 45.
  7. ^abChamocho Cantudo 2017,p. 100.
  8. ^Jiménez de Gregorio 2002,p. 38;Chamocho Cantudo 2017,p. 100.
  9. ^Jiménez de Gregorio 2002,p. 40.
  10. ^Jiménez de Gregorio 2002,p. 50.
  11. ^Jiménez de Gregorio 2002,p. 54.
  12. ^Puñal Fernández 2014,p. 125.
  13. ^Jiménez de Gregorio 2002,p. 72;Moxó 1961,p. 355.
  14. ^Rodríguez Rodríguez 1983,p. 35.
  15. ^Rodríguez Rodríguez 1983,p. 34.
  16. ^González, A.P (3 January 2021)."Illescas, Seseña y Yuncos han triplicado su censo este siglo".La Tribuna de Toledo.
  17. ^Vega, Mercedes (3 May 2021)."Illescas, un cambio en el modelo productivo: del ladrillo a la logística".ABC.
  18. ^Rosell, Javier (8 May 2020)."Amazon, Airbus y Michelin ponen a Illescas en el mapa".Invertia.El Español.
Bibliography
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