Indore gharana
Indore gharanais one of thevocalgharanasofIndian classical music.It was founded byAmir Khan,[1]who studied the styles ofAbdul Wahid Khan,Aman Ali Khan,Rajab Ali KhanandAbdul Karim Khanand amalgamated their style.[2][3]
Amir Khan grew up inIndore,Indiabut he did not like the factionalism inherent in thegharanatradition. In an interview toAkashvani,Indore,he said:
In fact I want only one gharana in classical music, which should be termed as Hindustani Music, and it should have different departments. These are gharanas. If the main thing is kept in this form, then our mutual recriminations with respect to music will be reduced. Many separate styles were formed out of one style of a gharana, as in the case of languages. Many languages came out of one language, similarly styles and gharanas were formed in music. Nowadays, I am singing in the name of "Indore gharana".[4]
Performances in the Indore gharana are noted by thevilambittempo in the style ofAbdul Wahid Khan,and thetaansreminiscent ofRajab Ali Khan.The merukhand structure is similar to that practiced byAman Ali Khanof theBhendibazaar gharana.The khayal gayaki in the 'Indore gharana' retains the slow development and restraint from frills as in thedhrupad.Mohan Nadkarni says of Amir Khan's music that whereasBade Ghulam Ali Khan's music was extroverted and exuberant,Amir Khan's music was an introverted, dignified 'darbar' style[5]
Amir Khan's conviction about the importance of poetry in khyal compositions (he used to compose under the pen name, Sur Rang), has also marked the singing of the 'Indore gharana'.
Characteristics of the Indore gharana include:
- slow-tempo raga development
- improvisation mostly in lower and middle octaves
- tendency towards serious and expansive (darbari) ragas
- emphasis on melody
- bolalapand sargam usingmerukhandpatterns
- sparing application ofmurkiand other embellishments to preserve introspective quality
- use of kan swaras (acciaccatura) in all parts of performance
- rare use oftihai
- careful enunciation of text ofbandish- the bandish performance may or may not include antara
- multiple laya (tempo)jatisin a single taan
- mixture of taan types in a single taan
- use of ruba'idartarana(considered similar to chhota khyal)
After Amir Khan's death in a car accident inKolkatain 1974, the "Indore gharana" has become a powerful stream in modern Hindustani music. Direct disciples of Amir Khan includedPandith Amarnath,Shankar Lal Mishra, Kankana Banerjee, Purvi Mukherjee, and others. However, a number of influential musicians includingSultan Khan(sarangi player) have developed their music under 'Indore gharana' influence.
Prominent exponents[edit]
- Gokulotsavji Maharaj[6]
- Kankana Banerjee[7]
- Shanti Sharma[8]
- Baldev Raj Verma[9]
- Ramneek Singh[10][11]
- Akhil Kumar Das[12]
- Amarjeet Kaur (a disciple of Ustad Amir Khan and Pandit Amarnath)[11][13]
References[edit]
- ^"Stirring Compassion of Cosmic Vibration".The Times of India.
- ^"Susheela Mishra".Archived fromthe originalon 2008-12-02.Retrieved2009-04-03.
- ^"Metro Plus Bangalore / Music: Beat Street".The Hindu.23 March 2005. Archived fromthe originalon 4 May 2010.
- ^"Indoregharanaofustadamirkhan - amirkhanikhayal".
- ^Mohan Nadkarni,Great Masters: Profiles in Hindustani Classical Vocal Music,Rupa 1999, 453 pages,ISBN81-291-0561-6.
- ^"Swarganga".Swarganga. 2015.RetrievedFebruary 5,2015.
- ^"Kankana Banerjee - the Official Web Site -".Archived fromthe originalon 2012-04-25.Retrieved2022-07-10.
- ^"City News, Indian City Headlines, Latest City News, Metro City News".[dead link]
- ^"Baldev Raj Verma, Delhi, India".panditbaldevrajverma.com.
- ^"Ramneek Singh".RamneekSingh.Com.
- ^abSinha, Manjari (10 March 2017)."Melody that captures soul".Newspaper article.No. Online. The Hindu. The Hindu.Retrieved10 November2021.
- ^"Pandit Shrikant Bakre Memorial Foundation".
- ^Mishra, Garima (9 August 2013)."On a Song".Newspaper article.No. Online. The Indian Express. The Indian Express.Retrieved10 November2021.