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Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars

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Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars
OperatorEuropean Space Agency
ManufacturerRussian Space Research Institute
Instrument typenear infrared spectrometer
Functionsurface composition
Mission duration≥ 7 months[1]
WebsiteExoMars Rover Instrument Suite
Properties
Mass1.74 kg
Dimensions16 × 8 × 9.6 cm
Spectral bandnear infrared(NIR)
Data rate100kbitsper measurement
Host spacecraft
SpacecraftRosalind Franklinrover
OperatorEuropean Space Agency
Launch dateNET 2028

Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars(ISEM) is aninfrared spectrometerfor remote sensing that is part of the science payload on board theEuropean Space Agency'sRosalind Franklinrover,tasked to search forbiosignaturesandbiomarkerson Mars. The rover is planned to be launched not earlier than 2028 andland on Marsin 2029.

ISEM will provide context assessment of the surface mineralogy in the vicinity of theRosalind Franklinrover for selection of potential astrobiological targets. The Principal Investigator is Oleg Korablev from theRussian Space Research Institute(IKI).[needs update]

Overview

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ISEM Performance/units[2][3]
Type Infrared spectrometer
Field of view 1.3°
Spectral range near infrared:1.15 - 3.30 μm
Spectral resolution from: 3.3 nm at 1.15 μm
to: 28 nm at 3.30 μm
Filter acousto-optic tunable filter(AOTF)
Detector cooler Peltier cooler
RF power 5W
RF range 23–82MHz
Detector InAs photodiode[3]
Data volume 100kbitsper measurement
Max power
consumption		 14 W
Dimensions
(optical module)		 16.0 cm × 8.0 cm × 9.6 cm
Mass 1.74 kg

The Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars (ISEM) is being developed by theRussian Space Research Institute(IKI).[4][5]It will be the first instance ofnear-infrared spectroscopy(NIR) observations done from the Mars surface.[2]The instrument will be installed on theRosalind Franklinrover's mast to measure reflected solar radiation in thenear infraredrange for context assessment of the surface mineralogy in the vicinity ofRosalind Franklinfor selection of potentialastrobiologicaltargets.[2][6]As the number of samples obtained with the drill will be limited, the selection of high-value sites for drilling will be crucial. Working with PanCam (a high-resolution panoramic camera), ISEM will aid in the selection of potential targets, especially water-bearing minerals, for close-up investigations and drilling sites.[2]

ISEM could detect, if present,organic compounds,including evolving trace gases such as hydrocarbons likemethane in the Martian atmosphere.[2]

Objectives

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The stated science objectives of ISEM are:[3]

  • Geological investigation and study a composition of Martian soils in the uppermost few millimeters of the surface.
  • Characterisation of the composition of surface materials, discriminating between various classes of silicates, oxides, hydrated minerals and carbonates.
  • Identification and mapping of the distribution of aqueous alteration products on Mars.
  • Real-time assessment of surface composition in selected areas, in support of identifying and selection of the most promising drilling sites.
  • Studies of variations of the atmospheric dust properties and of the atmospheric gaseous composition.

Development

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ISEM is a derivative of the Lunar Infrared Spectrometer (LIS) being developed by theRussian Space Research Institute(IKI) in Moscow for the plannedLuna-25andLuna-27Russian landers.[2]Collaborating institutions include:Moscow State University,Main Astrophysical Observatory,National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,the National Research Institute for Physicotechnical and Radio Engineering Measurements (VNIIFTRI) in Russia,Moscow State University,and theAberystwyth Universityin United Kingdom. The science team includes researchers from Russia, France, Italy, Sweden, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Canada.[2]

The instrument has been designed to specifically detect carbonates, oxalates, borates,nitrates,NH4-bearing minerals, that are good indicators of pasthabitable conditionssuch as aqueous minerals. It is also designed to detectorganic compounds,includingpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and those containingaliphaticC-H molecules.[2]In addition, ISEM can also detect seasonal frost, if present at the landing site, and it can be used to analyse the bore hole excavated by the ExoMars drill, if the rover backs away some distance.[2]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Vago, Jorge L.; et al. (July 2017)."Habitability on Early Mars and the Search for Biosignatures with the ExoMars Rover".Astrobiology.17(6–7): 471–510.Bibcode:2017AsBio..17..471V.doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1533.PMC5685153.PMID31067287.
  2. ^abcdefghiInfrared Spectrometer for ExoMars: A Mast-Mounted Instrument for the Rover.(PDF). Oleg I. Korablev, Yurii Dobrolensky, Nadezhda Evdokimova, Anna A. Fedorova, Ruslan O. Kuzmin, Sergei N. Mantsevich, Edward A. Cloutis, John Carter, Francois Poulet, Jessica Flahaut, Andrew Griffiths, Matthew Gunn, Nicole Schmitz, Javier Martin-Torres, Maria-Paz Zorzano, Daniil S. Rodionov, Jorge L. Vago, Alexander V. Stepanov, Andrei Yu. Titov, Nikita A. Vyazovetsky, Alexander Yu. Trokhimovskiy, Alexander G. Sapgir, Yurii K. Kalinnikov, Yurii S. Ivanov, Alexei A. Shapkin, and Andrei Yu. Ivanov.Astrobiology,Volume 17, Number 6 and 7, 2017.doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1543
  3. ^abcISEM (Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars) - OverviewArchived2018-08-20 at theWayback Machine(PDF).Russian Space Research Institute(IKI).
  4. ^"Inside ExoMars".European Space Agency. August 2012.Retrieved4 August2012.
  5. ^"ExoMars 2018 mission".Институт Космических Исследований Space Research Institute.Retrieved15 March2016.
  6. ^Howell, Elizabeth (July 24, 2018)."ExoMars: Searching for Life on Mars".Space.com.RetrievedMarch 13,2020.

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