Inscriptional Pahlavi
Appearance
Inscriptional Pahlavi | |
---|---|
Script type | |
Time period | 2nd century BC — 6th century AD |
Direction | Right-to-left script |
Languages | Middle Iranian languages |
Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Aramaic alphabet
|
ISO 15924 | |
ISO 15924 | Phli(131),Inscriptional Pahlavi |
Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Inscriptional Pahlavi |
U+10B60–U+10B7F |
Inscriptional Pahlaviis the earliest attested form ofPahlavi scripts,and is evident in clay fragments that have been dated to the reign ofMithridates I(r.171–138 BC). Other early evidence includes the Pahlavi inscriptions ofParthiancoins and rock inscriptions ofSasanian emperorsand other notables, such asKartirtheHigh Priest.
Letters
[edit]Inscriptional Pahlavi used 19 non-joining letters:[1][2]
Name[A] | Image | Text | Phones(IPA;Middle Persian)[3] | Transliteration[1] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aleph | 𐭠 | [a],[aː] | ' | |
Beth | 𐭡 | [b],[w] | b | |
Gimel | 𐭢 | [ɡ],[j] | g | |
Daleth | 𐭣 | [d],[j] | d | |
He | 𐭤 | [h][citation needed] | h | |
Waw-Ayin-Resh | 𐭥 | [w],[o(ː)],[u(ː)],[∅],[r],[ʕ][citation needed] | w | |
Zayin | 𐭦 | [z] | z | |
Heth | 𐭧 | [h],[x] | ḥ | |
Teth | 𐭨 | y[tˤ][citation needed] | ṭ | |
Yodh | 𐭩 | [j],[e(ː)],[i(ː)],[d̠͡ʒ] | y | |
Kaph | 𐭪 | [k],[ɡ] | k | |
Lamedh | 𐭫 | [l],[r] | l | |
Mem-Qoph | 𐭬 | [m],[q][citation needed] | m | |
Nun | 𐭭 | [n] | n | |
Samekh | 𐭮 | [s],[h] | s | |
Pe | 𐭯 | [p],[b],[f] | p | |
Sadhe | 𐭰 | [t̠͡ʃ],[d̠͡ʒ],[z] | ṣ | |
Shin | 𐭱 | [ʃ] | ś/š | |
Taw | 𐭲 | [t],[d] | t |
Numbers
[edit]Inscriptional Pahlavi had its ownnumerals:
Value | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 20 | 100 | 1000 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sign | Image | ||||||||
Text | 𐭸 | 𐭹 | 𐭺 | 𐭻 | 𐭼 | 𐭽 | 𐭾 | 𐭿 |
Numbers are written right-to-left. Numbers without corresponding numerals are additive. For example, 24 is written as𐭽𐭻 (20 + 4).[1]
Unicode
[edit]Inscriptional Pahlavi script was added to theUnicodeStandard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.
The Unicode block for Inscriptional Pahlavi is U+10B60–U+10B7F:
Inscriptional Pahlavi[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart(PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
U+10B6x | 𐭠 | 𐭡 | 𐭢 | 𐭣 | 𐭤 | 𐭥 | 𐭦 | 𐭧 | 𐭨 | 𐭩 | 𐭪 | 𐭫 | 𐭬 | 𐭭 | 𐭮 | 𐭯 |
U+10B7x | 𐭰 | 𐭱 | 𐭲 | 𐭸 | 𐭹 | 𐭺 | 𐭻 | 𐭼 | 𐭽 | 𐭾 | 𐭿 | |||||
Notes |
Gallery
[edit]-
Inscriptional Pahlavi text fromShapur IIIatTaq-e Bostan,4th century
-
Kartir's inscription atNaqsh-e Rajab
-
Coin ofArdashir I(r. 224–42) with Inscriptional Pahlavi writings
References
[edit]- ^abcdEverson, Michael; Pournader, Roozbeh (2007-08-24)."L2/07-207R: Proposal for encoding the Inscriptional Parthian, Inscriptional Pahlavi, and Psalter Pahlavi scripts in the SMP of the UCS"(PDF).pp. 10–11.
- ^Livinsky, BA; Guang‐Da, Zhang; Samghabadi, R Shabani; Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich (March 1999), Dani, Ahmad Hasan (ed.),History of civilizations of Central Asia,Multiple history, vol. 3. The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p. 89,ISBN978-81-208-1540-7.
- ^Daniels, Peter T.;Bright, William,eds. (1996).The World's Writing Systems.Oxford University Press, Inc. pp.518.ISBN978-0195079937.
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