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Interstate 39

Route map:
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"I-39" redirects here. For the Imperial Japanese Navy submarine, seeJapanese submarine I-39.

Interstate 39 marker

Interstate 39

Map
I-39 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained byIDOT,ISTHAandWisDOT
Length306.14 mi[1](492.68 km)
Existed1986–present
NHSEntire route
Major junctions
South endI-55/US 51inNormal, IL
Major intersections
North endUS 51/WIS 29nearRothschild, WI
Location
CountryUnited States
StatesIllinois,Wisconsin
CountiesIL:McLean,Woodford,Marshall,LaSalle,Lee,Ogle,Winnebago
WI:Rock,Dane,Columbia,Marquette,Waushara,Portage,Marathon
Highway system
←IL 38IL→US 40
←WIS 38WI→WIS 39

Interstate 39(I-39) is a highway in theMidwestern United States.I-39 runs fromNormal, Illinois,atI-55toState Trunk Highway 29(WIS 29) in the town ofRib Mountain, Wisconsin,which is approximately six miles (9.7 km) south ofWausau.[2]I-39 was designed to replaceU.S. Route 51(US 51), which, in the early 1980s, was one of the busiest two-lane highways in the United States.[citation needed]I-39 was built in the 1980s and 1990s.

In Illinois, the route has a total length of 140.82 miles (226.63 km).[3]In Wisconsin, I-39 has a distance of 182 miles (293 km). FromRockford, Illinois,to Portage, Wisconsin, I-39runs concurrentlywithI-90.In Wisconsin,I-94joins the pair inMadisonuntil Portage. At 29 miles (47 km) in length, this concurrency of three Interstates is the longest in the country. From Portage northward,US 51is cosigned with the Interstate and has exit numbers based on its mileage.

Route description[edit]

Illinois[edit]

Aerial view of I-39 as it passesMinonk, Illinois,April 2012

In Illinois, I-39 begins atI-55,north ofBloomington–Normal, Illinois.I-39's southern terminus is less than one mile (1.6 km) fromI-74as I-74 runs around the city ofNormal.From the city, I-39 runs north largely through rural areas, intersectingIllinois Route 251(IL 251) at exit 8. About 55 miles (89 km) north of the city, I-39 crosses theIllinois Riverover theAbraham Lincoln Memorial Bridge,which is 1.3 miles (2.1 km) long.[4]Just north of the Illinois River, I-39 runs east of the cities ofLaSalleandPerubefore intersectingI-80at exit 59. North of I-80, the wind turbines of theMendota Hills Wind Farmcan be seen from milepost 72 atMendotanorth to nearPaw Paw.I-39 intersectsI-88at exit 97 inRochelle.Further north, I-39 crosses theKishwaukee Riverbefore meetingUS 20on the southside ofRockford.I-39 then runs east concurrently with US 20 to where the Interstate joins theJane Addams Memorial TollwayandI-90nearCherry Valley.While concurrent, I-39/I-90 follows I-90's exit numbering. I-39/I-90 heads north toSouth Beloit.There is a toll plaza just south of Rockton Road. US 51 leaves I-39/I-90 atIL 75at exit 1 in South Beloit, while I-39/I-90 continues north into Wisconsin.

For all but one mile (1.6 km) that I-39 is in Illinois, it is designated concurrently with US 51.

Wisconsin[edit]

I-39 enters from Illinois along with I-90, passing under County Trunk Highway P (CTH-P, Stateline Road), and bypasses Beloit to the east. East of the town, the route has an interchange at exit 185 that serves as the terminus for bothWIS 81,which heads westward into Beloit, andI-43,which provides access toMilwaukee.[5]The last interchange serving Beloit is CTH-S (Shopiere Road) at exit 183. The I-39/I-90 concurrency continues to the north and is joined byWIS 11about seven miles (11 km) north of the I-43 interchange. WIS 11 leaves I-39/I-90 at exit 175, heading east. The highway bypassesJanesvilleto the east, although interchanges withUS 14andWIS 26(Milton Avenue) provide access to the town. The highway continues generally to the north, crossing theRock Riverbefore an interchange withWIS 59that provides access toEdgertonto the west andMiltonto the southeast.[5]Subsequently, the highway entersDane Countyas it passes west ofLake Koshkonong.It is joined at exit 160 by US 51 from Edgerton and serves as the southern terminus ofWIS 73.US 51 leaves the route four miles (6.4 km) to the north and heads west throughStoughton.The Interstate gradually turns westward aroundUticato an interchange with CTH-N, providing access to Stoughton andCottage Grove.It then turns gradually back to the north and meetsUS 12andUS 18in Madison. I-39/I-90 bypasses Madison to the east, and I-94 joins the concurrency at the eastern terminus ofWIS 30,an interchange known as the Badger Interchange.[6]About two miles (3.2 km) to the north, the highway crossesUS 151,which includes a south side access to High Crossing Boulevard. The last two Madison area interchanges are US 51 three miles (4.8 km) northwest of the US 151 interchange andWIS 19another one mile (1.6 km) northwest of the US 51 interchange. Access is provided to CTH-V (West North Street) via exit 126 just west ofDeForestfour miles (6.4 km) further north. I-39/I-90/I-94 enterColumbia Countyfour miles (6.4 km) north-northwest of CTH-V.[5]

I-39/US 51 in northern Wisconsin

The Interstate crossesWIS 60at an interchange three miles (4.8 km) north of the county line east ofLodiand CTH-CS at another interchange four miles (6.4 km) further north nearPoynette.The highway crosses theWisconsin Riverfour miles (6.4 km) north of CTH-CS. At three miles (4.8 km) further along the route from the river, I-39 leaves the concurrency with I-90/I-94 at exit 108 and turns northward while the other two Interstates turn northwesterly.WIS 78terminates at this interchange and heads southwest. This is the starting point of the segment of freeway that carries the I-39 route alone. The Interstate crossesWIS 33,the first of three interchanges accessing Portage, two miles (3.2 km) north of I-90/I-94. After crossing the Wisconsin River again, I-39 crosses the second interchange—this one withWIS 16—and turns northeasterly to an interchange with US 51. The U.S. Highway joins the Interstate, and both turn north once again and leave the Portage area and, after four miles (6.4 km), enterMarquette County.[5]

WIS 23joins I-39/US 51 northbound, four miles (6.4 km) from the county line. The highway passes along Buffalo Lake and encounter a southside half interchange with CTH-D in the town ofPackwaukee.WIS 23 leaves the concurrency to the east heading towardMontelloatWIS 82nearOxford,and the freeway takes a due north route to passWestfield.I-39/US 51 entersWaushara Countysix miles (9.7 km) north of Westfield.[5]Four miles (6.4 km) north of the county line, I-39/US 51 junctions withWIS 21inColoma.I-39/US 51 meets an interchange inHancockwith CTH-V five miles (8.0 km) further north, and WIS 73 crosses inPlainfieldafter another five miles (8.0 km). This is two miles (3.2 km) south of thePortage Countyline.[5]In Portage County, I-39/US 51 take a due north trajectory, which provides access to CTH-D, CTH-W, andWIS 54(alsoBusiness U.S. Highway 51(Bus. US 51)) over 12 miles (19 km). The WIS 54 interchange and the CTH-B interchange 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of it provide access forPlover.The next four interchanges—CTH-HH,US 10eastbound/WIS 66westbound, Stanley Street, and Bus. US 51—provide access toStevens Point.Among these interchanges, the freeway turns northwestward, bypassing the city to the east and north. I-39/US 51 crosses two more interchanges while in Portage County: Casimir Road four miles (6.4 km) northwest of Stevens Point,[7]and westbound US 10 two miles (3.2 km) north of Casimir Road. The freeway then parallels the Wisconsin River for six miles (9.7 km) to an interchange with CTH-DB east of Lake DuBay and one mile (1.6 km) south of theMarathon Countyline.[5]

Northern terminus of I-39 at the interchange with WIS 29 near Wausau

WIS 34terminates at an interchange with I-39/US 51 inKnowltonthree miles (4.8 km) northwest of the freeway's entry into Marathon County; the freeway turns due north from this interchange.WIS 153crosses the freeway four miles (6.4 km) further north inMosinee.Maple Ridge Road crosses after another two miles (3.2 km) as the freeway turns northeastward intoKronenwetter.[8]An interchange withBus. US 51is just south of the Wisconsin River crossing after four miles (6.4 km) from Maple Ridge Road. I-39 ends two miles (3.2 km) further north at the interchange withWIS 29east just southwest of Wausau. US 51 continues north on the freeway after WIS 29 towardMerrill.[5]

History[edit]

Illinois[edit]

When theInterstate Highway Systemwas first being planned, Illinois made a request for a north–south highway fromSouth BeloittoSalem.The project was deemed a low priority and was shelved. US 51, which ran mostly down the middle of the state, became a heavily traveled two-lanearterial road,experiencing many crashes and earning the nickname "Killer 51".[9]

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a major supplemental freeway system plan was proposed, with the goal of providing Illinois residents access to freeways within 30 minutes or less. One of the proposed routes, FAP 412, was a route that would extend from US 20 inRockfordto I-57 just north of Salem, similar to the earlier requested route. Due to traffic counts, only the portion between Rockford andDecaturwas prioritized.[10]

Over the course of the 1970s, planning for the US 51 supplemental freeway took place in earnest. However, debate ensued over what type of highway should be built. TheIllinois Department of Transportation(IDOT) wanted the entire highway built toInterstate Highway standards,but a transportation committee established to review the proposed supplemental freeway system recommended only Interstate construction between Rockford andI-80.[11]The highway fromOglesbysouth to Decatur was recommended to be an at-grade expressway, utilizing the existing road where possible. After a decade of lobbying by interest groups, it was announced in 1986 that US 51 would be rebuilt to Interstate standards from Oglesby toNormal.[12]However, due to funding concerns and local opposition, it was decided that theBloomingtonto Decatur segment would not be built to Interstate standards; this segment was made a four-lane expressway.[13]

The first segment of the freeway opened 1984 fromIL 5(nowI-88) inRochelle,to US 20 in Rockford.[14]When the freeway was completed south from IL 5 to I-80 in 1986, IDOT officially requested an Interstate designation for the new highway, and I-39 was officially designated.[15]By December 1987, construction on the section of I-39 between I-80 andIL 251was finished. The next section, between IL 251 andI-55in Bloomington–Normal, was completed by 1992, although this stretch of the highway was opened in several phases as completed.[16]In December 1989, the section from Bloomington–Normal to Hudson opened, a distance of about 4.4 miles (7.1 km).[17]In early September 1992, another segment opened from IL 116 north to IL 17.[18]

Wisconsin[edit]

In Wisconsin, the highway was officially designated in 1992.[19]In October 1993,AASHTOestablished part of I-39 in its northern section between Rockford andRib Mountain, Wisconsin,then designated I-39 along existing portions of I-90, I-94, and US 51. However, this part of the highway was not marked as I-39 for another four years, primarily because theWisconsin Department of Transportation(WisDOT) had to reconstruct the interchange connecting I-90 and I-94 withWIS 78nearPortage.[20]Signs denoting I-39 were placed along the highway in Wisconsin until 1996, when the section between Portage and Rib Mountain (near Wausau) received its signs.[19]This occurred after then–GovernorTommy Thompsondesignated the stretch between Portage and Wausau in 1996 after a five-year push to get the Interstate designation approved.[20]The remaining segment along I-90/I-94 was not signed for I-39 until late 1998.[19]The section between the I-90/I-94 interchange and US 51's interchange in Portage was previously a part of WIS 78. That route was truncated back to its current terminus when the Interstate's designation went into effect.[21]The designation of I-39 violated Wisconsin's rule of not having any state trunk highway number duplicated—Interstate, US, or state—asWIS 39already existed.[19]

Exit list[edit]

StateCountyLocationmi[22]kmExit[23]DestinationsNotes
IllinoisMcLeanNormal0.000.00—

I-55/US 51south toI-74–Chicago,St. Louis,Decatur,Peoria,Champaign		Southern terminus of I-39; southern end of US 51 concurrency; I-55 exit 164;Central Illinois Regional Airport
1.532.462

US 51 Bus.south (Main Street) –Bloomington,Normal
Hudson4.677.525CR 12(Franklin Street) –Hudson
Hudson Township7.7512.478
IL 251north /CR 8(Lake Bloomington Road) –Kappa		Southern terminus of IL 251
WoodfordEl Paso14.3523.0914US 24–Peoria,El Paso
Woodford22.3736.0022IL 116–Peoria,Pontiac
Minonk26.9443.3627CR 2–Minonk
MarshallWenona35.0256.3635IL 17–Lacon,Wenona
LaSalleLostant41.6066.9541IL 18–Henry,Streator
Tonica48.6778.3348CR 54(Reed Richardson Road) –Tonica
Eden Township51.7083.2051IL 71–Hennepin,Oglesby,Granville
52.4784.4452IL 251–Peru,LaSalle
Oglesby53.7986.5754Walnut Street –Oglesby
Illinois RiverAbraham Lincoln Memorial Bridge
La Salle56.7591.3357US 6(5th Street) –LaSalle,Peru,Ottawa
58.68–
59.46		94.44–
95.69		59I-80–Chicago,Des Moines,LaSalle,PeruSigned as exits 59A (east) and 59B (west); I-80 exit 79
Troy Grove66.16106.4766US 52–Troy Grove
Mendota72.09116.0272US 34–Mendota,Earlville
LeePaw Paw82.57132.8882CR 10(Chicago Road) –Paw Paw
Willow Creek Township87.34140.5687US 30–Sterling,Rock Falls,Aurora
Steward93.34150.2293CR 2(Perry Road) –Steward
OgleRochelle97.10–
97.79		156.27–
157.38		97

I-88 Toll/IL 110 (CKC)(Ronald Reagan Memorial Tollway) –Moline,Rock Island,Chicago		Signed as exits 97A (east) and 97B (west); I-88 exit 78
99.46160.0799IL 38/Lincoln Highway–DeKalb,Rochelle
Lynnville Township104.50168.18104IL 64–Sycamore,Oregon
Monroe Center110.98178.60111IL 72–Genoa,Byron,Kingston
WinnebagoRockford Township115.49185.86115CR 11(Baxter Road)
Rockford119.05–
119.56		191.59–
192.41		—
US 20west (Rockford Bypass) –Rockford,Freeport		Southern end of US 20 concurrency;Chicago Rockford International Airport
Cherry Valley122.17196.61122A
US 20east –Belvidere		Northern end of US 20 concurrency
122BHarrison Avenue
122.90197.79—

I-90 Tolleast (Jane Addams Memorial Tollway) –Chicago		Southern end of I-90 concurrency; I-90 exit 17; I-39 uses I-90's exit numbers from here north
Rockford124.45200.2815
US 20 Bus.(State Street)		Last free exit northbound
127.77205.6312
CR 55west (East Riverside Boulevard)		Toll on northbound exit and southbound entrance
Machesney Park131.31211.329IL 173(West Lane Road) –Machesney ParkToll on northbound exit and southbound entrance
Rockton136.71220.01South Beloit Toll Plaza 1
South Beloit137.53221.333CR 9(Rockton Road)Last free exit southbound; northwestern end of Jane Addams Memorial Tollway
139.93225.201
US 51north /IL 75–South Beloit		Northern end of US 51 concurrency
140.25
0.00		225.71
0.00		Illinois–Wisconsin state line
WisconsinRockTown of Turtle2.483.99185B
I-43north –Milwaukee		I-43 exits 0A-B southbound; formercloverleaf interchange;undergoing conversion totri-stack interchange.
2.463.96185A
WIS 81west (Milwaukee Avenue) –Beloit		Former cloverleaf interchange; undergoing conversion todiverging diamond interchangefor access to/from 43 via County route X.
4.787.69183CTH-S (Shopiere Road)
Town of La Prairie9.9516.01177
WIS 11west (Avalon Road) –Janesville,Avalon		Southern end of WIS 11 concurrency;Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport
Janesville12.4920.10175


Alt. I-39 north /WIS 11east (Racine Street) –Delavan		Northern end of WIS 11 concurrency; formerBus. US 14
15.61–
15.66		25.12–
25.20		171B

Alt. I-39 south /US 14–Janesville		Formerly split into exits 171B (west) and 171C (east)
16.4126.41171AWIS 26–Milton
Town of Fulton24.6239.62163WIS 59–Edgerton,Milton,Whitewater
DaneTown of Albion27.6044.42160
US 51south /WIS 73/WIS 106–Edgerton,Deerfield		Southern end of US 51 concurrency
Town of Christiana31.3050.37156
US 51north –Stoughton		Northern end of US 51 concurrency
Town of Pleasant Springs40.4065.02147CTH-N –Stoughton,Cottage Grove
Town of Blooming Grove45.5473.29142US 12/US 18(Beltline Highway) –Madison,CambridgeSigned as exits 142A (west) and 142B (east); US 12 exit 267
Madison49.3979.49138B
WIS 30west –Madison		Left exit and entrance northbound; servesDane County Airport;WIS 30 exit 3 eastbound and exit 240A westbound
49.7480.05138A
I-94east –Milwaukee		Left exit and entrance southbound; southern end of I-94 concurrency; I-94 exit 240
51.7483.27135CHigh Crossing BoulevardNorthbound exit and southbound entrance
51.96–
52.00		83.62–
83.69		135B
US 151north –Sun Prairie		Cloverleaf interchange
135A
US 151south –Madison
Town of Burke55.2088.84132US 51(Stoughton Road) –Madison,De Forest
Community of Windsor56.6891.22131WIS 19–Waunakee,Sun Prairie
Town of Vienna60.9398.06126CTH-V –Dane,De Forest
ColumbiaTown of Arlington67.97109.39119WIS 60–Lodi,Arlington,Columbus
Town of Dekorra71.99115.86115CTH-CS –Poynette,Lake Wisconsin
Town of Caledonia78.63126.54—

I-90west /I-94west –Wisconsin Dells		Northern end of I-90/I-94 concurrency; I-90 exit 108B
79.26127.5684
WIS 78south –Merrimac		Signed as exit 108A northbound
79.73128.3185Cascade Mountain Road
Portage81.73131.5387WIS 33(Cook Street) –Portage,Baraboo
84.13135.3989
WIS 16(Wisconsin Street) toWIS 127–Portage,Wisconsin Dells,Columbus		Signed as exits 89A (east) and 89B (west) northbound
Town of Fort Winnebago85.79138.0792
US 51south (New Pinery Road) –Portage		Southern end of US 51 concurrency; exit numbers from here north based on US 51's mileposts
MarquetteTown of Moundville94.43151.97100
WIS 23west / CTH-P –Wisconsin Dells,Endeavor		Southern end of WIS 23 concurrency
Town of Oxford98.61158.70104CTH-D –PackwaukeeNorthbound exit and southbound entrance
100.77162.17106

WIS 23east /WIS 82west –Oxford,Montello,Princeton,Packwaukee		Northern end of WIS 23 concurrency
Westfield107.32172.71113CTH-E / CTH-J –Westfield,Harrisville,Princeton
WausharaColoma118.29190.37124WIS 21–Coloma,Necedah,Wautoma,Oshkosh,Tomah
Town of Hancock125.35201.73131CTH-V –Hancock
Town of Plainfield130.94210.73136WIS 73–Plainfield,Wisconsin Rapids,Wautoma,Nekoosa
PortageTown of Pine Grove134.07215.76139CTH-D –Almond
137.56221.38143CTH-W –Bancroft,Wisconsin Rapids
Town of Plover145.91234.82151
WIS 54(Post Road) /Bus. US 51–Wisconsin Rapids,Plover,Waupaca
Village of Plover147.51237.39153CTH-B (Plover Road) –Wisconsin Rapids,Plover,Amherst
150.53242.25156CTH-HH (McDill Avenue) –Whiting,Stevens Point
Stevens Point152.71245.76158

US 10east /WIS 66west (Main Street) –Stevens Point,Waupaca,Appleton,Marshfield		Southern end of US 10 concurrency; southern end of WI 66 concurrency; signed as exits 158A (east) and 158B (west) northbound
153.94247.74159
WIS 66east (Stanley Street) –Stevens Point,Rosholt		Northern end of WI 66 concurrency
155.76250.67161
Bus. US 51(Division Street) –Stevens Point
Hull157.63253.68163Casimir RoadTo CTH-X
159.75257.09165
US 10west –Marshfield		Northern end of US 10 concurrency
CTH-XFormer diamond interchange; removed for construction of US 10 exit
Town of Dewey165.39266.17171CTH-DB –Knowlton,Lake DuBay
MarathonTown of Knowlton169.64273.01175WIS 34(Balsam Road) –Knowlton,Wisconsin Rapids
Mosinee173.57279.33179WIS 153–Mosinee,ElderonCentral Wisconsin Airport
Kronenwetter175.39282.26181Maple Ridge Road
Rothschild179.52288.91185
Bus. US 51–Rothschild,Kronenwetter
Town of Rib Mountain182.14293.13187
WIS 29east –Weston,Green Bay


US 51north /WIS 29west –Wausau,Chippewa Falls		Northern terminus;[24]northern end of US 51 concurrency; freeway continues as US 51/WIS 29
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^Starks, Edward (January 27, 2022)."Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways".FHWA Route Log and Finder List.Federal Highway Administration.RetrievedDecember 6,2023.
  2. ^Google(February 15, 2008)."Overview Map of I-39"(Map).Google Maps.Google.RetrievedFebruary 15,2008.
  3. ^Illinois Technology Transfer Center (2006)."T2 GIS Data".Illinois Department of Transportation.RetrievedNovember 8,2007.
  4. ^Federal Highway Administration."Structure 000050019120847".National Bridge Inventory.Federal Highway Administration. Archived fromthe originalon January 1, 2014.RetrievedJune 1,2012.
  5. ^abcdefghWisconsin Department of Transportation (2013).Official State Highway Map(PDF)(Map) (2013–2014 ed.). 1:823,680. Madison: Wisconsin Department of Transportation.RetrievedFebruary 5,2023.
  6. ^Buschkopf, Jim."I-94 reconstruction to be discussed September 19"(Press release). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Archived fromthe originalon August 27, 2008.RetrievedJanuary 12,2007.
  7. ^Google(January 12, 2008)."Casimir Road, Stevens Point, Wisconsin"(Map).Google Maps.Google.RetrievedJanuary 12,2008.
  8. ^Google(January 12, 2008)."Maple Ridge Road, Mosinee, Wisconsin"(Map).Google Maps.Google.RetrievedJanuary 12,2008.
  9. ^Simpson, Kevin (November 3, 2002)."Rescuers Remember Killer Road".The Pantagraph.Bloomington, Illinois. p. 1.RetrievedSeptember 12,2022– viaNewspapers.com.
  10. ^Illinois Department of Transportation (April 12, 1978).Priority Primary Routes(PDF)(Map). Illinois Department of Transportation.RetrievedMarch 23,2010.
  11. ^Wills, Bill (August 27, 1976)."Sides Square Off in Hearings on Freeway".The Pantagraph.Bloomington, Illinois. p. 3.RetrievedSeptember 12,2022– via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^Featherly, Marc (March 11, 1986)."Close Encounters on US 51 Trip".The Pantagraph.Bloomington, Illinois. pp. A1,A5.RetrievedSeptember 12,2022– via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^"Politics Helped Shelve US 51 Work".The Pantagraph.Bloomington, Illinois. p. 34.RetrievedSeptember 12,2022– via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^"Interstate 39".Interstate Guide.AA Roads. July 29, 2008.RetrievedJanuary 11,2009.[self-published source]
  15. ^Weingroff, Richard (October 15, 2013)."Part I: History".The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways.Federal Highway Administration. "Interstate Route Additions Under 23 U.S.C. 139(a) As of 12/31/97" (table).RetrievedMarch 7,2015.
  16. ^Carlson, Rich (November 18, 2007)."Routes 21 through 40".Illinois Highways Page.RetrievedJanuary 11,2009.[self-published source]
  17. ^Zehr, Melissa (March 8, 1991)."Interstate 39: Crews Work to Link Highway by 1992".The Pantagraph.Bloomington, Illinois. p. 3.RetrievedSeptember 12,2022– via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^Davis, Jenni (September 2, 1992)."I-39 Nearly Finished; 12 More Miles Open Today".Peoria Journal-Star– viaNewsbank.
  19. ^abcdBessert, Chris (January 2, 2008)."Highways 30-39".Wisconsin Highways.Self-published.RetrievedJanuary 12,2008.[self-published source]
  20. ^abWalters, Steven (January 16, 1996)."US 51 will become I-39 between Portage, Wausau".Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.RetrievedJanuary 12,2008.
  21. ^Bessert, Chris (January 2, 2008)."Highways 70-79".Wisconsin Highways.Self-published.RetrievedJanuary 12,2008.[self-published source]
  22. ^Wisconsin State Trunk Highway Logs:
    • Southwest Region Staff (December 31, 2008).State Trunk Highway Log for Southwest Region(XLS). Madison, WI: Wisconsin Department of Transportation. 039N.
    • North Central Region Staff (December 31, 2008).State Trunk Highway Log for North Central Region(XLS). Rhinelander, WI: Wisconsin Department of Transportation. 039N.
  23. ^Wisconsin Department of Transportation."Exit numbers on US 51 and I-39".Exit numbers on Wisconsin's freeways.Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Archived fromthe originalon June 7, 2007.RetrievedJune 30,2007.
  24. ^Wisconsin Department of Transportation (December 31, 2017).Designated Freeways & Expressways(PDF)(Map). Scale not given. Madison: Wisconsin Department of Transportation.RetrievedApril 4,2020.

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