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Irshad Manji

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Irshad Manji
Manji in 2012
Born1968 (age 55–56)
nearKampala,Uganda
NationalityCanadian
EducationUniversity of British Columbia
Occupation(s)Educator, author and founder of the Moral Courage Project
Years active1990–present
AwardsHonorary Doctorate,University of Puget Sound
Honorary Doctorate,Bishop's University
Young Global Leader,World Economic Forum
Ethical Humanist Award,New York Society for Ethical Culture
Websiteirshadmanji.com

Irshad Manji(born 1968) is a Ugandan-born Canadian educator. She is the author ofThe Trouble with Islam Today(2004) andAllah, Liberty and Love(2011), both of which have been banned in several Muslim countries.[1][2][3]She also produced aPBSdocumentary in theAmerica at a Crossroadsseries, titledFaith Without Fear,which was nominated for anEmmy Awardin 2008.[1][4]A former journalist and television presenter, Manji is an advocate of areformist interpretation of Islamand a critic ofliteralist interpretationsof theQur'an.[citation needed]

Her latest book,Don't Label Me(2019), proposes methods on how to heal political, racial, and cultural divides. The ideas in the book are related to the Moral Courage Project, which Manji founded atNew York Universityin 2008 and expanded to theUniversity of Southern California(USC) in 2016, when she was a senior fellow at theAnnenberg Center on Communication Leadership & Policy.[5]After leaving USC, she founded Moral Courage College with the goal of teaching "young people how to engage honestly about polarizing issues rather than shaming or canceling each other".[6]Manji lectures on these themes as a senior research fellow with the Oxford Initiative for Global Ethics and Human Rights.[7]

Early life and education[edit]

Manji was born in 1968 nearKampala,Uganda.[8]Her mother is ofEgyptiandescent and her father ofIndianheritage.[9]

WhenIdi Aminordered theexpulsion of Asiansand other non-Africans from Uganda in the early 1970s,[10][11]Manji and her family came toCanadaas refugees when she was four years old.[1][12]They settled inRichmond, British Columbia,nearVancouver.[13][14]Manji attended secular public schools and, every Saturday, a religious school (madrasa). Manji says that, at 14 years old, she was expelled from the madrasa for asking too many questions.[15][16][17]

In 1990, Manji earned abachelor's degree with honoursin thehistory of ideasfrom theUniversity of British Columbia,and won theGovernor General's Academic Medalfor top humanities graduate.[18]In 2002, Manji became writer-in-residence at theUniversity of Toronto'sHart House,from where she began writingThe Trouble with Islam Today.[19][20]She was a visiting fellow with the International Security Studies program atYale Universityin 2006[21]and was a senior fellow with the Brussels-basedEuropean Foundation for Democracyfrom 2006 to 2012.[22][23]

Career[edit]

Manji began her career working in politics in the 1990s. She was alegislative aidein theCanadian parliamentforNew Democratic Partymember of parliamentDawn Black,thenpress secretaryin theOntario governmentforOntario New Democratic Partycabinet ministerMarion Boyd,[24]and later speechwriter for federal NDP leaderAudrey McLaughlin.At the age of 24, she became the national affairs editorialist for theOttawa Citizen[15]and the youngest member of aneditorial boardfor any Canadian daily. She was also a columnist for Ottawa's newLGBT newspaperCapital Xtra![25]She participated in a regular "Friendly Fire" segment onTVOntario'sStudio 2from 1992 to 1994, head-to-head against right-wing writerMichael Coren.[26][27]

Manji hosted and produced severalpublic affairsprograms on television, includingQ-FilesforPulse24and its successorQT: QueerTelevisionfor the Toronto-basedCitytvin the late 1990s.[28][29]When she left the show, Manji donated the television set's "big Q" to thePride Libraryat theUniversity of Western Ontario.[30]

She has also appeared on television networks around the world, includingAl Jazeera,theCBC,BBC,MSNBC,C-SPAN,CNN,PBS,theFox News Channel,CBS,andHBO.[31]

She was also a visiting professor atNew York University(NYU) from 2008 to 2015.[32][33]Manji joined NYU'sRobert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Serviceto create the Moral Courage Project, an initiative to teach young people how to speak truth to power within their own communities.[34]Her courses focused on how "to make values-driven decisions for the sake of their integrity – professional and personal".[35]In April 2013, Moral Courage TV (onYouTube), was launched by Manji andCornel West,a professor and activist.[36]West spoke of Manji's work as a "powerful force for good."[37]In 2015, Manji developed "the West Coast presence of Moral Courage" at theAnnenberg Center on Communication Leadership & Policyof theUniversity of Southern California.[38]

Works[edit]

The Trouble with Islam Today[edit]

Main article:The Trouble with Islam Today

Manji's bookThe Trouble with Islam Today(originally titledThe Trouble with Islam) was published bySt. Martin's Pressin 2004. The book was first released in Canada under the previous title in September 2003.[39]It has since been translated into more than 30 languages.[13]Manji offeredArabic,Persian,andUrdutranslations of the book available for free-of-charge download on her website.[40]InThe Trouble with Islam Today,Manji investigates new interpretations of the Qur'an which she believes are more fitting for the 21st century.[41]The book has been met with both praise and scorn from both Muslim and non-Muslim sources. Several reviewers have called the book "courageous"[42]or "long overdue"[43]while others have said it disproportionately targets Muslims.[44]

Tarek Fatah,a fellow Canadian Muslim who originally criticizedThe Trouble With Islam,[45]reversed his stance, saying that Manji was "right about the systematic racism in the Muslim world" and that "there were many redeeming points in her memoir".[46]

The Trouble with Islam Todayis banned in many countries in the Middle East.[1]Since July 2009, the book has also been outlawed in Malaysia.[47]

Faith without Fear[edit]

In 2007 Manji released aPBSdocumentary,Faith without Fear.It follows her journey to reconcile faith and freedom, depicting the personal risks she has faced as a Muslim reformer. She exploresIslamismin Yemen, Europe and North America, as well as histories of Islamiccritical thinkingin Spain and elsewhere.[48]Faith Without Fearwas nominated for anEmmy[4]and was a finalist for theNational Film Boardof Canada'sGemini Award.[49][50]It launched the 2008Muslim Film Festival,organized by theAmerican Islamic Congress[51]and won Gold at theNew York Television Festival.[50]

Allah, Liberty and Love[edit]

It is time for those who love liberal democracy to join hands with Islam's reformists. Here is a clue to who's who: Moderate Muslims denounce violence committed in the name of Islam but insist that religion has nothing to do with it; reformist Muslims, by contrast, not only deplore Islamist violence but admit that our religion is used to incite it.

— Manji inThe Wall Street Journal,May 7, 2011[52][53]

In 2011, Manji publishedAllah, Liberty and Love.In the book, she examines how Muslims can reinterpret the Qur'an, speak more freely, and think more independently. To support her approach, Manji citesijtihad,the Islamic tradition of critical thinking in the interpretation ofIslamic textsand doctrines.[54][55]Manji asserts that any change of lasting value to Muslims can only come from within and cannot be imposed from external sources.[56]

Manji agrees to and promotes the validity ofinterfaith marriagesof Muslims to non-Muslims, specially of Muslim women to non-Muslim men, based on ideas of Khaleel Mohammed ofSan Diego State University (SDSU),in San Diego, California.[57]

As with Manji's other writings,Allah, Liberty and Lovegenerated both positive and negative responses. Rayyan Al Shawaf, a Beirut-based writer and book critic, laments Manji's focus on how the Qur'an can be reinterpreted by liberal Muslims and not on how legal limits can be set to curb the Qur'an's influence. He also argues that Manji promotes ijtihad while overlooking that "ijtihadis a sword that cuts both ways. "[58]Al-Shawaf also laments Manji's focus "on how liberal Muslims could reinterpret the Koran as opposed to how they might set legal limits on its socio-politico-economic influence."[58]Melik Kaylan in his review forNewsweekdescribes the book as "a rallying cry to Muslims" and full of "snappy phrases that hover between epigrams and slogans—effective soundbites for her supporters."[55]

Omar Sultan Haque, a researcher and teacher at Harvard University Medical School, argues that although Manji's book is important in raising consciousness, it "fails to grapple with some of the more substantial questions that would make [a liberal and open] future [of Islamic Interpretation] a reality."[59]Haque often describes Manji's ideas in a "patronizing manner". Howard A. Doughty, a professor of political economy atSeneca College,illustrates this with a quote from Haque's review: "Manji's God resembles an extremely affectionate and powerful high school guidance counselor."[59][54]

Doughty, in summarizing his observations of Manji's critics says that some scholars (excluding himself) argue that "Manji may lack thegravitasto drive home her points and turn her ideas into action. "[54]He instead offers a defense of her approach and argues that "what her critics seem to miss is that her ease of communication, stripped of abstract philosophical, political and economic analysis, is precisely what allows her to turn her thoughts into other people's actions."[54]

The international launch ofAllah, Liberty and Lovewas met with controversy. In December 2011, Muslim extremists stormed Manji's book launch inAmsterdam;[60]twenty-two Muslim men rushed into the venue and attempted to assault her.[61]During Manji's book tour, police cut short her talk in Jakarta due to pressure from one of Indonesia's fundamentalist groups, theIslamic Defenders Front.[62]A few days later, hundreds of men from theIndonesian Mujahedeen Councilassaulted Manji's team and her supporters inYogyakarta.Several people were injured and at least one had to be treated in a hospital.[63][60]Shortly afterwards, the government of Malaysia bannedAllah, Liberty and Love.[47]But in September 2013, a High Court inKuala Lumpurstruck down the ban.[64]The previous year, Nik Raina Nik Abdul Aziz, a Malay woman who was one of the managers of aBorders Bookstore,was arrested for selling a translation of Manji's book before the state had announced its ban.[65][66]After her three-year legal battle with the authorities, Malaysia's Federal Court ruled in her favor and dismissed the government's bid to appeal.[67][68]

Don't Label Me[edit]

In a pre-release event for her latest book,Don't Label Me: An Incredible Conversation for Divided Times,Manji was the keynote speaker at the annual Day of Discovery, Dialogue & Action event of theWashington University in St. Louison 19 February 2019.[69]Don't Label Mewas published bySt. Martin's Presson 26 February.[70]The book is written in the form of an imaginary conversation with Lily, Manji's first dog, who is now deceased and plays the role ofDevil's advocate.[71][72]According to Dana Gee of theVancouver Sun,"It may seem like a gimmicky construct, but it actually works". Manji uses the conversation to advocate rising abovetribalismand engaging in a discourse with those with whom the reader disagrees.[71]In a video published byTimemagazine in March 2019, Manji says "I'm here to propose that, while more and more schools are teaching young people how not to be offensive, they also need to be teaching a new generation how not to be offended".[73]ComedianChris Rock,a fan of Manji,[70]also promoted the book on Twitter calling it "genius".[74][75]In a review ofDon't Label MeforAreo Magazine,Samuel Kronen wrote that "Manji provides a wonderful combination of self-deprecation, wit and ferocious honesty and provides insights into some of the greatest social problems we face today."[72]

Views[edit]

Manji has received numerous death threats because of her views.[13][76]While living in Toronto, she had the windows of her home fitted with bullet-proof glass for security.[13]Manji has been described as aQuranist.[77]

In an interview withThe Jerusalem Post,describing her political leanings, Manji said, "I'm not left-wing, I'm not right-wing. I'm post-wing".[40]She has criticized the argument that US wars inspireIslamic extremism.[78]Manji initially supported the United States' wars inIraqandAfghanistan,and theGeorge W. Bushadministration'sWar on Terror.[79][80][81][82]By 2006, her views toward the war in Iraq had become highly critical of the Bush government.[40]On Iraq, she said she "thought the Oval Office had information that was taken into account when it made decisions."[81]She also said, "I have been openly questioning our work in Afghanistan and the implications of it."[81]

She argues thatPalestiniansface two occupations: one imposed byHamason women andLGBTpeople and the other by theIsraeli forcesin all of Palestine.[40][83]

Personal life[edit]

In 2016, Manji and her partner, Laura Albano, were married in Hawaii.[84]They lived there with their rescue dogs.[5]The couple are now divorced.[85]

Awards and honours[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

  • 1997 –Risking Utopia: On the Edge of a New Democracy,(Douglas and McIntyreISBN1-55054-434-9)
  • 2003 –The Trouble with Islam Today(St. Martin's Press,ISBN9780312326999)
  • 2011 –Allah, Liberty and Love: The Courage to Reconcile Faith and Freedom[97](Atria Books,ISBN1-4516-4520-1,ISBN978-1-4516-4520-0)
  • 2019 –Don't Label Me: An Incredible Conversation for Divided Times(St. Martin's Press,ISBN9781250157980)

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