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Issidae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Issidae
Temporal range:Paleocene–Recent
Issus coleoptratus
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha
Infraorder: Fulgoromorpha
Superfamily: Fulgoroidea
Family: Issidae
Spinola,1839
Subfamilies and Tribes

See text

Issidaeis afamilyofplanthoppersdescribed by Spinola in 1839, belonging to the orderHemiptera,suborderAuchenorrhynchasuperfamilyFulgoroidea.

Distribution

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Species of this family are present throughout theNorthern Hemisphere.

Description

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Issid nymph

Issidae are small insects generally with a stocky body, as the wings mainly develop in width. Basic body coloration is not striking, usually shows brownish colors. The head has two ocelli. The forewings have strong pronounced ribs. They wrap the abdomen when the insect is at rest. The family originally included approximately 1000 species with 215 genera, but the systematics of Issidae remains uncertain, with many of the subfamilies having been recently removed to separate families, includingCaliscelidae.Nogodinidae,andTropiduchidae.

In 2013, scientists described a biologically unique set of mechanical gears in anIssusnymph,though identical structures are known in most planthoppers, and were known for decades[1]before the function of the gears was discovered[2][3]

Taxonomy

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The family Issidae was once large and included many groups which are now treated in other families or as families themselves. These groups include theCaliscelidae,Nogodinidae,andTropiduchidae(e.g., subfamilies Tonginae and Trienopinae). Around 2003, there was a view in favour of a single subfamilyIssinae,but the current consensus is placement in four (as below). TheCatalogue of Life[4]lists genera in five tribesIssini,Parahiraciini,HemisphaeriiniandThioniini.The tribe Colpopterini[5]have now been placed in familyNogodinidaeMelichar, 1898having been raised to a subfamily.[6]The oldest fossil of the group isCubicostissusof the PaleoceneMenat Formationof France, belonging to the tribe Hysteropterini, molecular clock calibrations suggest a diversification during the Upper Cretaceous.[7]

Subfamilies, Tribes and selected Genera

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Fulgoromorpha Lists On the Web[8]lists four subfamilies:

Hemisphaeriinae

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Authority: Melichar, 1906

Hysteropterinae

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Authority: Melichar, 1906; there are currently 59 genera including:

Issinae

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The monotypic subfamily contains the sole tribeIssiniSpinola, 1839[9]and has a widespread distribution in Europe, the Middle East and temperate Asia.[10]There are currently ten genera:

Thioniinae

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Authority: Melichar, 1906 There are currently 3 tribes and 16 genera:[11][12]

Issidaeincertae sedis

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Twenty genera are currently placed here:

UphodatoSzwedo 2019,KrundiaSzwedo 2019 andBreukoscelisSzwedo 2019 from theBembridge Marls,England dating Eocene (Priabonian) were considered members of this family upon description, however, other authors have found assignation to Issidae dubious.[7]

References

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  1. ^Sander, K. (1957). "Bau und Funktion des Sprungapparates vonPyrilla perpusillaWALKER (Homoptera - Fulgoridae) ".Zoologische Jahrbücher Jena (Anatomie).75:383–388.
  2. ^Burrows, Malcolm; Sutton, Gregory (2013-09-13),"Interacting gears synchronize propulsive leg movements in a jumping insect"(PDF),Science,341(6151): 1254–1256,doi:10.1126/science.1240284,hdl:1983/69cf1502-217a-4dca-a0d3-f8b247794e92,PMID24031019,S2CID24640726
  3. ^Milius, Susan (September 12, 2013)."Young insect legs have real meshing gears".Science News.Archived fromthe originalon 2013-09-15.
  4. ^Catalogue of life
  5. ^Gnezdilov, Vladimir M. (2002)."A new tribe of the family Issidae with comments on the family as a whole (Homoptera: Cicadina)"(PDF).Zoosystematica Rossica.11(2): 305–309.
  6. ^Fulgoromorpha Lists On the Web (FLOW): Colpopterinae Gnezdilov, 2003 (retrieved 21 July 2020)
  7. ^abBourgoin, Thierry; Wang, Menglin; Nel, André (2020-01-22)."The oldest fossil of the family Issidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) from the Paleocene of Menat (France)".European Journal of Taxonomy(596).doi:10.5852/ejt.2020.596.ISSN2118-9773.
  8. ^Fulgoromorpha Lists On the Web (FLOW): Issidae Spinola, 1839 (retrieved 21 July 2020)
  9. ^Spinola M. 1839 - Essai sur les Fulgorelles, sous-tribu de la tribu des Cicadaires, ordre des Rhyngotes. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. Paris 8: 133-337.
  10. ^Fulgoromorpha Lists On the Web (FLOW): Issini Spinola, 1839 (retrieved 21 July 2020)
  11. ^Gnezdilov, Vladimir M. (2018-06-14)."To the revision of the genus Thionia Stål (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Issidae), with description of new genera and new subtribe".Zootaxa.4434(1): 158–170.doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4434.1.10.ISSN1175-5334.PMID30313206.
  12. ^"Planthoppers: FLOW Website".2022-12-08. Archived fromthe originalon 2022-12-08.Retrieved2023-08-27.
  • W. E. Holzinger, I. Kammerlander, H. Nickel: The Auchenorrhyncha of Central Europe - Die Zikaden Mitteleuropas. Volume 1: Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha excl. Cicadellidae. - Brill, Leiden 2003
  • Stephen W. Wilson – Keys to the families of Fulgoromorpha with emphasis on planthoppers of potential importance in the Southern United States -Florida Entomologist 88(4)Fcla.edu
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