JAITS
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Toàn quốc độc lập phóng tống hiệp nghị hội | |
| Abbreviation | JAITS |
|---|---|
| Formation | 4 November 1977 |
| Location | |
Official language | Japanese |
TheJapanese Association of Independent Television Stations(JAITS;Japanese:Toàn quốc độc lập phóng tống hiệp nghị hội,romanized:Zenkoku Dokuritsu Hōsō Kyōgi-kai,lit. 'National Independent Broadcasting Forum') is a group ofJapan's reception fee-freecommercialterrestrial televisionstations which are not members ofthe major national television networks.The association was established on 4 November 1977.[1]: 30
Its members sell to, buy from, and co-produce programmes with other members. While a few of them, namelyTokyo MX,TVKandSun TVand sell more than the others, it does not mean the former control the others in programming. Meanwhile, some JAITS members (GBS, MTV, BBC, TVN, WTV) broadcast a lot of TV Tokyo's programs.[citation needed]It forms a loosebroadcast networkwithout exclusivity. They form permanent andad hocsubgroups for production and sales of advertising opportunity.[2]
Name
[edit]The English name of the group is provisional. The Japanese documents for the association refer to the acronym JAITS but the fully spelled English name has not been disclosed yet.
In Japanese, the group was previously known asZenkoku Dokuritsu Yū-eichi-efu Hōsō Kyōgi-kai(Japanese:Toàn quốc độc lập UHF phóng tống hiệp nghị hội,lit. 'National Independent UHF Broadcasting Forum'), bearing the termUHFas all of the member stations broadcast on the UHF band in analogue, in contrast to major networks that primarily broadcast on theVHFband in analogue. All the Japanese terrestrial television stations switched to UHF digital when all analogue television transmissions (both VHF and UHF) were shut down between 24 July 2011 and 31 March 2012.
List of members
[edit]
Stations are listed inJapanese order of prefectureswhich is mirrored inISO 3166-2:JP.
| Broadcasting area(s) | Station | LCN | Start date of broadcast |
Note(s) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prefecture | Region | On air branding | Abbr. | Call sign | |||
| Tochigi | Kantō | Tochigi TV | GYT | JOGY-DTV | 3 | 1 April 1999 | |
| Gunma | Kantō | Gunma TV / GunTele | GTV | JOML-DTV | 3 | 16 April 1971 | |
| Saitama | Kantō | TV Saitama / Teletama | TVS | JOUS-DTV | 3 | 1 April 1979 | |
| Chiba | Kantō | Chiba TV | CTC | JOCL-DTV | 3 | 1 May 1971 | |
| Tokyo | Kantō | Tokyo MX | MX | JOMX-DTV | 9 | 1 November 1995 | |
| Kanagawa | Kantō | TV Kanagawa | tvk | JOKM-DTV | 3 | 1 April 1972 | |
| Gifu | Chūbu | Gifu Hōsō / Gifu Chan | GBS | JOZF-DTV | 8 | 12 August 1968 | |
| Mie | Kansai | Mie TV | MTV | JOMH-DTV | 7 | 1 December 1969 | |
| Shiga | Kansai | Biwako Hōsō | BBC | JOBL-DTV | 3 | 1 April 1972 | |
| Kyoto | Kansai | KBS Kyoto | KBS | JOBR-DTV | 5 | 1 April 1969 | |
| Hyōgo | Kansai | Sun TV | SUN | JOUH-DTV | 3 | 1 May 1969 | |
| Nara | Kansai | Nara TV | TVN | JONM-DTV | 9 | 1 April 1973 | |
| Wakayama | Kansai | TV Wakayama | WTV | JOOM-DTV | 5 | 1 April 1974 | |
Characteristics of the independent stations
[edit]Degree of independence
[edit]In thestrict (North American) definitionof "not affiliated with any networks", the only independent terrestrial television station in Japan would beThe Open University of Japan,which produces almost all its programs in-house. In addition, most of the JAITS independent stations have investments from theChunichi Shimbun Co.
The JAITS and the Japanese public take "Independent UHF Station" (Japanese:Độc lập U(HF) cục,romanized:dokuritsu Yū(-eichi-efu) kyoku) for not being members of large networks, in which the Tokyo's stations almost control other members' programming. Those networks are also affiliated with large national newspapers. On the other hands, the JAITS stations are often affiliated withprefecturalor metropolitan newspapers and prefectural governments, whose degree of influence may vary.
MTV, GBS, BBC, TVN, and WTV broadcast certain programmes fromTV Tokyo.[citation needed]
Here is the description of characters of the independent commercial terrestrial television stations in Japan. Currently all such stations are members of the JAITS.
Market
[edit]Their areas of coverage are located inKantō,ChūkyōandKansairegions which are the most urbanised in Japan. Their reachable population is large. If the population was too small they could not have number of viewers and sponsorship to sustain the station. However their coverage are within major network stations' official coverage, exceptTXNnetwork membersTV Osaka's,TV Aichi's andTV Setouchi's which are adjacent to. Multi-channelcable televisionmay cover significant parts of the areas. Externally sourced popular contents are often too expensive to buy therefore they are very difficult to beat major networks in viewing rates.
Programming
[edit]Compared with the major networks, the independent stations have a relatively smaller audience, but have a more flexible schedule due to their decentralized nature.
Short-runninganimeproductions (as little as one episode) are often broadcast by the independent stations, a concept which has been referred to as "UHF anime".They also sometimes run shopping programming, along withbrokered programmingsuch asinfomercialsandtelevangelism.In 2000,All Japan Pro Wrestlingmoved to JAITS affiliates after it ended its run onNippon TV.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^NHK niên giam 1978 niên bản[NHK Yearbook 1978 Edition] (in Japanese). NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation). 1978.OCLC673870022.
- ^Tokyo-Osaka-Nagoya Intermetropolitan Network(Japanese:Đông ・ danh ・ phản ネット6,romanized:Tō-Mei-Han Netto 6)Archived2007-06-30 at theWayback Machine