J wave
AJ wave— also known asOsborn wave,camel-hump sign,late delta wave,hathook junction,hypothermic wave,[1]K wave,H waveorcurrent of injury— is an abnormalelectrocardiogramfinding.[2]
J waves are positive deflections occurring at the junction between theQRS complexand theST segment,[3][4]where the S point, also known as the J point, has amyocardial infarction-like elevation.
Causes[edit]
They are usually observed in people suffering fromhypothermiawith a temperature of less than 32 °C (90 °F),[5]though they may also occur in people with very high blood levels ofcalcium(hypercalcemia),braininjury,vasospasticangina,acute pericarditis, or they could also be a normal variant.[citation needed]Osborn waves onECGare frequent duringtargeted temperature management (TTM)aftercardiac arrest,particularly in patients treated with 33 °C.[6]Osborn waves are not associated with increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia, and may be considered a benign physiological phenomenon, associated with lower mortality in univariable analyses.[6]
History[edit]
The prominent J deflection attributed to hypothermia was first reported in 1938 by Tomaszewski. These waves were then definitively described in 1953 byJohn J. Osborn(1917–2014) and were named in his honor.[7]Over time, the wave has increasingly been referred to as a J wave, though is still sometimes referred to as the Osborn wave in most part due to Osborn's article in theAmerican Journal of Physiologyon experimental hypothermia.[8]
References[edit]
- ^Aydin M, Gursurer M, Bayraktaroglu T, Kulah E, Onuk T (2005)."Prominent J wave (Osborn wave) with coincidental hypothermia in a 64-year-old woman".Tex Heart Inst J.32(1): 105.PMC555838.PMID15902836.
- ^Maruyama M, Kobayashi Y, Kodani E, et al. (2004)."Osborn waves: history and significance".Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J.4(1): 33–9.PMC1501063.PMID16943886.
- ^"ecg_6lead018.html".Retrieved2008-12-20.
- ^"THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 67, Hyperthermia and Hypothermia, Fig. 67-1".Retrieved2008-12-20.
- ^Marx, John (2010).Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice 7th edition.Philadelphia, PA: Mosby/Elsevier. p. 1869.ISBN978-0-323-05472-0.
- ^abHadziselimovic, Edina; Thomsen, Jakob Hartvig; Kjaergaard, Jesper; Køber, Lars; Graff, Claus; Pehrson, Steen; Nielsen, Niklas; Erlinge, David; Frydland, Martin; Wiberg, Sebastian; Hassager, Christian (July 2018)."Osborn waves following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest—Effect of level of temperature management and risk of arrhythmia and death".Resuscitation.128:119–125.doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.04.037.PMID29723608.
- ^Osborn, J. J. (1953)."Experimental hypothermia: Respiratory and blood pH changes in relation to cardiac function".Am J Physiol.175(3): 389–398.doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1953.175.3.389.PMID13114420.
- ^Serafi, S.; Vliek, C.; Taremi, M. (2011)."Osborn waves in a hypothermic patient".Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives.1(4). Article: 10742.doi:10.3402/jchimp.v1i4.10742.PMC3714046.PMID23882340.