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Jacqueline Auriol

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Jacqueline Auriol
Auriol in 1969, at the first flight of theConcorde
Born
Jacqueline Marie-Thérèse Suzanne Douet

(1917-11-05)5 November 1917
Challans,Vendée,France
Died11 February 2000(2000-02-11)(aged 82)
Paris, France
NationalityFrench
EducationLycée Blanche-de-Castille
Alma materUniversity of Nantes
École du Louvre
Spouse
Paul Auriol
​
​
(m.1938;div.1967)​
​
​
(m.1987; died 1992)​

Jacqueline Marie-Thérèse Suzanne Auriol(French pronunciation:[ʒaklinoʁjɔl];néeDouet;5 November 1917 – 11 February 2000) was a Frenchaviatorwho set several world speed records.[1][2]

Biography

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I Live to Fly- Auriol's autobiography

Born inChallans,Vendée,the daughter of a wealthyshipbuilder,Edmond Pierre Douet,[3]she graduated from theUniversity of Nantesthen she studied art at theÉcole du LouvreinParis.[1]

In 1938, she married Paul Auriol, son ofVincent Auriol(who would later becomePresident of France).[1]During World War II, she worked against theGerman occupation of Franceby helping theFrench Resistance.

She took up flying in 1946, got her pilot's license in 1948 and became an accomplished stunt flier and test pilot. Auriol was severely injured in a crash of aSCAN 30in which she was a passenger in 1949—many of the bones in her face were broken—and spent nearly three years in hospitals undergoing 33 reconstructive operations.[1]To occupy her mind she studied algebra, trigonometry, aerodynamics, and other subjects necessary to obtain advanced pilot certification.

She earned a militarypilot licensein 1950 then qualified as one of the first femaletest pilots.She was among the first women to break thesound barrierand set five world speed records in the 1950s and 1960s.

On four occasions she was awarded theHarmon International Trophyby an American president in recognition of her aviation exploits. She once explained her passion for flying by saying: "I feel so happy when I'm flying. Perhaps it is the feeling of power, the pleasure of dominating a machine as beautiful as aThoroughbredhorse. Mingled with these basic joys is another less primitive feeling, that of a mission accomplished. Each time I set foot on an airfield, I sense with fresh excitement that this is where I belong. "

In 1970, she published an autobiography,I Live to Fly,in bothFrenchandEnglish.[1]

Auriol and her husband divorced in 1967 and remarried in 1987. They had two children together, both boys.[1]In 1983 she became a founding member of the FrenchAcadémie de l'air et de l'espace.

Records

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Auriol set the following speed records:[4][5]

  • 12 May 1951- Auriol set aFédération Aéronautique Internationale- (FAI-) ratified average speed of 818.18 km/h (508.39 mph)[4]flying a British-madeVampireover a 100-km (62.1-mile) closed circuit in France fromIstres,outsideMarseilles,toAvignonand back to claim the women's world air speed record from its previous holder,Jacqueline Cochranof theUnited States.
  • 21 December 1952- Flying aSud-EstMistral (a French-built development of the Vampire with aHispano-Suiza Neneengine), Auriol broke her own 1951 world speed record over a 100-km (62.1-mile) closed circuit by flying at 855.92 km/h (531.84 mph).[4]The new record was set over the same 100-km (62.1-mile) closed course as in 1951, from Istres to Avignon and back.
  • 31 May 1955- Flying aMystère IVN,Auriol broke the previous women's speed record over a 15/25-km (9.3/15.5-mile) straight course previously held by Jacqueline Cochrane with an FAI-ratified speed of 1,151 km/h (715.2 mph).[4]
  • 22 Jun 1962- Flying aDassault Mirage IIIC,Auriol achieved an FAI-ratified average speed of 1,850.2 km/h (1,149.7 mph)[4]over the 100-km (62.1-mile) closed circuit at Istres, to reclaim the women's world air speed record in that category from Jacqueline Cochran.
  • 14 Jun 1963- Flying aDassault Mirage IIIR,Auriol achieved an FAI-ratified average speed of 2,038.70 km/h (1,266.79 mph)[4]over a 100-km (62.1-mile) closed circuit at Istres. It was her final attempt to break the women's air speed record over that distance, and she broke a record Jacqueline Cochran had set over the distance in May 1963.

On 1 June 1964, Cochran broke Auriol′s June 1963 record, achieving an FAI-ratified average speed of 2,097.27 km/h (1,303.18 mph)[6]over a 100-km (62.1-mile) closed circuit in aLockheed F-104G Starfighter.

Honours

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Sources

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  • I Live to Fly- Jacqueline Auriol. (1970)E.P. Dutton & Co.:New York;ISBN0-525-13076-4

See also

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References

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  1. ^abcdefMartin, Douglas (February 17, 2000)."Jacqueline Auriol, Top French Test Pilot, 82".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on October 30, 2021.RetrievedFebruary 19,2017.
  2. ^Trenner, Patricia (March 1, 2003)."10 Great Pilots".Air & Space Magazine.Smithsonian Institution.Archivedfrom the original on September 18, 2013.RetrievedJanuary 21,2011.
  3. ^"Family tree of Jacqueline AURIOL".Archivedfrom the original on 2021-07-18.Retrieved2021-07-18.
  4. ^abcdef"FAI Records".www.fai.org.Archivedfrom the original on 2014-09-24.Retrieved2017-04-02.Search for "Jacqueline Auriol" in the "Person, Record, Year, ID..?" field under "Record Search".
  5. ^"Aviation History - Browse the History of Flight from 1909".www.flightglobal.com.Archivedfrom the original on 2017-04-18.Retrieved2017-04-02.
  6. ^"FAI Records".www.fai.org.Archivedfrom the original on 2014-09-24.Retrieved2017-04-02.Search for "Jacqueline Cochran" in the "Person, Record, Year, ID..?" field under "Record Search".
  7. ^ORDRE NATIONAL DU MERITE Décret du 14 mai 1997 portant élévation à la dignité de grand'croix et de grand officier(in French),archivedfrom the original on 2016-08-03,retrieved2017-04-02
  8. ^"Auriol, Jacqueline".Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation.Archivedfrom the original on 2022-08-13.Retrieved2022-08-13.
  9. ^"FR043.03".Universal Postal Union.Archivedfrom the original on 2011-09-29.Retrieved2011-01-21.
  10. ^"Test Pilots Shun Swashbuckling Image".The New York Times.1976-04-07.Archivedfrom the original on 2023-09-19.Retrieved2023-05-01.
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Further reading

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Joyce, Duncan (2010).Ahead of Their Time: A Biographical Dictionary of Risk-Taking Women.Portsmouth: Green Wood Publishing Group. pp. 27–30.ISBN9781280908699.

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