Jafar Sharif-Emami
Jafar Sharif-Emami | |
---|---|
33rdPrime Minister of Iran | |
In office 27 August 1978 – 6 November 1978 | |
Monarch | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi |
Preceded by | Jamshid Amouzegar |
Succeeded by | Gholam Reza Azhari |
In office 31 August 1960 – 5 May 1961 | |
Monarch | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi |
Preceded by | Manouchehr Eghbal |
Succeeded by | Ali Amini |
President of the Senate | |
In office 11 September 1964 – 24 March 1978 | |
Monarch | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi |
Preceded by | Mohsen Sadr |
Succeeded by | Mohammad Sajadi |
Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
In office 30 July 1960 – 1 December 1960 | |
Prime Minister | Manouchehr Eghbal |
Preceded by | Abbas Aram |
Succeeded by | Ghods-Nakhai |
Personal details | |
Born | Tehran,Sublime State of Persia | 17 June 1912
Died | 16 June 1998 New York City,New York,U.S. | (aged 85)
Political party | Rastakhiz Party |
Spouse | Eshrat Sharif Emami (died November 1997) |
Children | 3 |
Alma mater | Tehran University |
Jafar Sharif-Imami(Persian:جعفر شریفامامی; 17 June 1912 – 16 June 1998) was anIranianpolitician who wasprime ministerfrom 1960 to 1961 and again in 1978. He was a cabinet minister, president of theIranian Senate,president of thePahlavi Foundationand the president of the Iran chamber of industries and mines during the reign of ShahMohammad Reza Pahlavi.[1]
Early life and education
[edit]Sharif-Emami was born inTehranon 17 June 1912 to a clerical family and his father was a mullah.[2][3]After high school, Sharif-Emami was sent (along with thirty other young men) toGermanywhere he studied for eighteen months, returning to Iran in 1930 to work with state railroad organization until theAnglo-Soviet Invasion.[2]Years later he was sent toSwedenfor technical training, returning in 1939 when he received a degree in engineering.[1]
Career and activities
[edit]Sharif-Emami began his career at theIranian state railwaysin 1931.[4]Arrested in summer of 1943 for alleged ties to Germany he was kept in detention along with many other members of Iran's elite. After his release he was appointed director-general of the Irrigation Agency.[1]In 1950, he was appointed undersecretary of roads and communications.[4]Prime Minister and General Haj Ali Razmara appointed him acting minister and then minister of roads to hiscabinetinaugurated in June 1950, his first cabinet post.[1]
He served as the minister of industries and mines inManuchehr Eqbal's cabinet.[5]He was prime minister from 1960 to 1961, and again in 1978, a few months before the overthrow of the Shah.[4]He was appointed prime minister by Shah on 27 August 1978 because of his ties to clergy.[6]Sharif-Emami succeededJamshid Amouzegarin the post.[6][7]Sharif-Emami resigned from the office on 5 November 1978 and was replaced byGholam Reza Azhariin the post.[4][8]
During his short tenure, he undid many of the Shah's plans including the closing of casinos, abandoning the Imperial calendar, abolishing theRastakhiz Partyand allowing all political parties to be active and personally responsible for preventing SAVAK to get involved and preventing the KGB backed clergyman from creating and continuing the 1979 revolution.[5]All of his efforts to reform the political system in Iran, was overshadowed by theBlack Fridaymassacre in Jaleh Square on 8 September 1978, mass protests, martial law and nationwide strikes, which brought the country's economy to its knees. He resigned from office amid riots on 5 November 1978.[9]
Sharif-Emami was also long-time president of theIranian Senate[10]and chairman of the Pahlavi Foundation.[11][12]He was one of the close confidants of the Shah.[10]
Personal life
[edit]Sharif-Emami was married and had three children, two daughters and a son.[4]
For some years he was also theGrand Masterof theFreemasonGrand Lodgeof Iran, which gave him some informal influence among Iran's political elite.[1][2]
Later years and death
[edit]Sharif-Emami left Iran following theIslamic revolutionin 1979. He settled in theUpper East SideofManhattan,New York City.[4]There he served as the president of the Pahlavi Foundation and later resigned from the post.[4]He died at a hospital on 16 June 1998, one day shy of his 86th birthday, in New York City.[4]He was buried inValhalla, New York.[4]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^abcdeMemoirs of Sharif-Emami, Prime Minister.Ibex Publishers. 1999.ISBN0-932885-22-5.
- ^abcAbbas Milani (2008).Eminent Persians: The Men and Women who Made Modern Iran, 1941-1979.Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. p. 305.ISBN978-0-8156-0907-0.
- ^"مؤسسه مطالعات و پژوهشهای سیاسی".psri.ir(in Persian).
- ^abcdefghiWolfang Saxon (23 June 2004)."Jafar Sharif-Emami, 87, Aide to Shah and a Prime Minister".The New York Times.Retrieved25 July2013.
- ^ab'Alí Rizā Awsatí. (2003).Iran in the Past Three Centuries(Irān dar Se Qarn-e Goz̲ashteh- ايران در سه قرن گذشته), Paktāb Publishing - Tehran, Iran.ISBN964-93406-6-1(Vol. 1),ISBN964-93406-5-3(Vol. 2).
- ^abMansoor Moaddel (1994).Class, Politics, and Ideology in the Iranian Revolution.New York: Columbia University Press. p. 160.ISBN978-0-231-51607-5.
- ^Nicholas M. Nikazmerad (1980). "A Chronological Survey of the Iranian Revolution".Iranian Studies.13(1/4): 327–368.doi:10.1080/00210868008701575.JSTOR4310346.
- ^Mehrzad Boroujerdi; Kourosh Rahimkhani (2018).Postrevolutionary Iran. A Political Handbook.Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. p. 4.ISBN978-0815635741.
- ^"On this day. 5 November 1978: Iran's PM steps down amid riots".BBC.Retrieved25 July2013.
- ^ab"Centers of Power in Iran"(PDF).CIA.May 1972.Retrieved5 August2013.
- ^Rozita Miri."The Senate".IICHS.Retrieved25 July2013.
- ^John H. Lorentz (2010).The A to Z of Iran.Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. p. 306.ISBN978-1-4617-3191-7.
External links
[edit]- Media related toJafar Sharif-Emamiat Wikimedia Commons
- 20th-century Iranian engineers
- 20th-century Iranian politicians
- 1912 births
- 1998 deaths
- Exiles of the Iranian Revolution in the United States
- Foreign ministers of Iran
- Government ministers of Iran
- Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
- Iranian emigrants to the United States
- Iranian expatriates in Sweden
- Iranian expatriates in Germany
- Iranian Freemasons
- Nationalists’ Party politicians
- People of the Iranian Revolution
- Politicians from Tehran
- Presidents of the Senate of Iran
- Prime ministers of Iran
- Rastakhiz Party politicians