Jan Guzyk
Jan Guzyk | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1875 |
| Died | 1928 |
| Occupation | Spiritualistmedium |
Jan Guzyk(1875–1928), also known asJan Guzikwas a Polishspiritualistmediumknown for his alleged ability ofpsychokinesis.[1][2]Guzyk was exposed as a fraud by psychical researchersHarry PriceandMax Dessoir.[3][4][5]
Biography[edit]
Guzyk was born in the village ofRączna,nearKraków.He was the son of aweaver.[6]He became a medium at the age of fifteen. It was alleged he couldmaterializespirits and performlevitationandpsychokinesisof objects. Guzyk was endorsed by the psychical researcherGustav Geleywho attended his séances.[1]
Investigations[edit]
Skeptical investigator Paul Heuzé and a professional illusionist known as Professor Dicksonn suspected that Guzyk was fraudulent and that Geley and other psychical researchers had been duped by trickery.[1]In November 1923, Heuzé organized five scientists, including French physicistPaul Langevinto observe Guzyk during a series of séances atSorbonne.Objects were moved but only in close reach of the medium. They committee concluded that he had freed one of his legs to perform the phenomena. When tighter controls were introduced, nothing happened.[7]Their report published in theL'Année Psychologique,stated that fraud was "complete and without reserve".[8]
Guzyk was said to have utilized his elbows and legs to move objects around the room and touch the sitters. He was caught cheating by the psychical researcherHarry Price.According to Price the "man was clever, especially with his feet, which were almost as useful to him as his hands in producing phenomena."[3]Price also noted that Guzyk impersonated a "spirit" animal during a séance by placing his hand in astockingto stimulate the illusion of a snappingjaw.[4]
PsychologistMax Dessoirwrote that the trick of Guzyk was to use his "foot for psychic touches and sounds".[5]He was investigated many times and his mediumship was detected in fraud.[9]At a séance in Kraków in December 1924 a photograph showed him moving a curtain with his hand.Walter Franklin Princewho attended séances with Guzyk came to the conclusion he had no paranormal ability.[10]The psychical researcher Paul Tabori has written that it was established beyond doubt that Guzyk had cheated at his séances.[4]
References[edit]
- ^abcBrower, M. Brady. (2010).Unruly Spirits: The Science of Psychic Phenomena in Modern France.University of Illinois Press. pp. 133-135.ISBN978-0252077517
- ^Anderson, Rodger. (2006).Psychics, Sensitives and Somnambules: A Biographical Dictionary with Bibliographies.McFarland & Company. p. 77.ISBN978-0786427703
- ^abPrice, Harry.(1942).Search for Truth: My Life for Psychical Research.Collins p. 206
- ^abcTabori, Paul. (1974).Harry Price: The Biography of a Ghosthunter.Sphere Books. pp. 118-119.ISBN0-7221-8326-7
- ^abSpence, Lewis.(2003).Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology.Kessinger Publishing. p. 399.ISBN978-0766128156
- ^Guiley, Rosemary.(1994).The Guinness Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits.Guinness Publishing. p. 152.ISBN978-0851127484
- ^Lachapelle, Sofie. (2011).Investigating the Supernatural: From Spiritism and Occultism to Psychical Research and Metapsychics in France, 1853-1931.Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 131.ISBN978-1421400136
- ^Langevin, P; Rabaud, E; Laugier, H; Marcelin, A; Meyerson, I. (1924).Rapport au sujet des phénomènes produits par le Médium J. Guzik.L'Année Psychologique 24: 664-672.
- ^Cavendish, Richard.(1971).Man, Myth & Magic: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Supernatural.Volume 6. Purnell. p. 2277.ISBN978-0863070419
- ^Berger, Arthur. (1988).Lives and Letters in American Parapsychology: A Biographical History, 1850-1987.McFarland & Company. p. 95.ISBN978-0899503455
Further reading[edit]
- Perovsky-Petrovo-Solovovo.(1927).Note on an Early Exposure of Guzik.Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 24: 368-370.