Janata Dal
Janata Dal | |
---|---|
Abbreviation | JD |
Founder | V. P. Singh |
Founded | 11 October 1988 |
Dissolved | 2003 |
Merger of | |
Succeeded by | |
Political position | Centre[2] |
National affiliation |
|
Colours | Green |
Janata Dal( "People’s Party" ) was anIndian political partywhich was formed through the merger ofJanata Partyfactions, theLok Dal,Indian National Congress (Jagjivan),and theJan Morchaunited on 11 October 1988 on the birth anniversary ofJayaprakash Narayanunder the leadership ofV. P. Singh.[3][4]
History
[edit]V. P. Singhunited the entire disparate spectrum of parties ranging from regional parties such as theTelugu Desam Party,theDravida Munnetra Kazhagam,and theAsom Gana Parishad,together and formed theNational FrontwithN. T. Rama Raoas President andV. P. Singhas convenor. The front also included outside support from theright-wingBharatiya Janata Partyand theleft-wingLeft Front, led by theCommunist Party of IndiaandCommunist Party of India (Marxist).They defeatedRajiv Gandhi'sCongress (I)in the 1989 parliamentary elections.[5][6] His government fell afterLalu Prasad YadavgotAdvaniarrested inSamastipurand stopped hisRam Rath Yatra,which was going toAyodhyaon the site of the Babri Masjid on 23 October 1990, and the Bharatiya Janata Party withdrew support.V. P. Singhlost a parliamentary vote of confidence on 7 November 1990.[7]In the1991 Indian general electionthe Janata Dal lost power but emerged as the third largest party inLok Sabha.[8] The Janata Dal-ledUnited Frontformed the government after the1996 Indian general electionwith the outside support of theIndian National Congress.However, after this the Janata Dal gradually disintegrated into various smaller factions, which largely became regional parties such asBiju Janata Dal,Rashtriya Janata Dal,Janata Dal (Secular)andJanata Dal (United).[9]
Ascent to power
[edit]It first came to power in 1989, after cases of corruption, known as theBofors scandal,causedRajiv Gandhi'sCongress (I)to lose the elections. TheNational Frontcoalition that was formed consisted of the Janata Dal and a few smaller parties in the government, and had outside support from theLeft Frontand theBharatiya Janata Party.V. P. Singhwas the prime minister. In November 1990, this coalition collapsed, and a new government headed byChandra ShekharunderSamajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)which had the support of the congress came to power for a short while. Two days before the vote,Chandra Shekhar,an ambitious Janata Dal rival who had been kept out of the National Front government, joined with Devi Lal, a former deputy prime minister under V. P. Singh, to form the Samajwadi Janata Party, with a total of just sixtyLok Sabhamembers. The day after the collapse of the National Front government, Chandra Shekhar informed the president that by gaining the backing of the Congress (I) and its electoral allies he enjoyed the support of 280 members of the Lok Sabha, and he demanded the right to constitute a new government. Even though his rump party accounted for only one-ninth of the members of the Lok Sabha, Chandra Shekhar succeeded in forming a new minority Government and becoming Prime Minister (with Devi Lal as deputy prime minister). However, Chandra Shekhar's government fell less than four months later, after the Congress (I) withdrew its support.[10]
Its second spell of power began in 1996, when the Janata Dal-ledUnited Frontcoalition came to power, with outside support from the congress underSitaram Kesri,choosingH. D. Deve Gowdaas their prime minister. The Congress withdrew their support in less than a year, after theH. D. Deve GowdaGovernment restarted probing the corruption cases against a lot of Congress leaders, hoping to gain power with the support of various United Front constituent groups, andI. K. Gujralbecame the next prime minister. His government too fell in a few months, and in February 1998, the Janata Dal-led coalition lost power to theBharatiya Janata Partyin General Elections.[citation needed]
List of prime ministers & chief ministers of India
[edit]Prime ministers
[edit]No. | Image | Prime ministers | Year | Duration | Constituency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Vishwanath Pratap Singh | 1989 – 1990 | 343 days | Fatehpur | |
2 | H. D. Deve Gowda | 1996 – 1997 | 324 days | — (Rajya SabhaMP) fromKarnataka | |
3 | Inder Kumar Gujral | 1997 – 1998 | 332 days | — (Rajya SabhaMP) fromBihar |
Chief ministers
[edit]No. | Portrait | Chief Ministers | State | Year | Duration |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Mulayam Singh Yadav | Uttar Pradesh | |||
2 | Chimanbhai Patel | Gujarat | |||
Lalu Prasad Yadav | Bihar | ||||
Biju Patnaik | Odisha | ||||
H. D. Deve Gowda | Karnataka | ||||
J. H. Patel | Karnataka | ||||
Devi Lal | Haryana | ||||
Om Prakash Chautala | Haryana | ||||
Banarsi Das Gupta | Haryana | ||||
Hukum Singh | Haryana |
Electoral records
[edit]Year | Seats won | Votes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1989 Indian general election | 143 | 143 | 53,518,521 | 53,518,521 |
1991 Indian general election | 59 | 84 | 32,628,400 | 2,08,90,121 |
1996 Indian general election | 46 | 13 | 27,070,340 | 55,58,060 |
1998 Indian general election | 6 | 40 | 11,930,209 | 1,51,40,131 |
Party Disintegrated |
Vice President & Deputy Prime Minister of India
[edit]No. | Portrait | Vice President | Year | Duration |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Krishan Kant | 21 August 1997 – 27 July 2002 | 4 years, 340 days |
No. | Portrait | Deputy Prime Minister | Year | Duration |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Devi Lal | 10 November 1990 – 21 June 1991 | 242 Days |
Party presidents & deputy chief ministers
[edit]No. | Portrait | Presidents | Year | Duration |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Vishwanath Pratap Singh | 1989-1997 | days | |
2 | Sharad Yadav | 1997-1999 | days |
No. | Portrait | Deputy Chief Minister | State | Year | Duration |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Banarsi Das Gupta | Haryana | |||
2 | Hukam Singh | Haryana | |||
J. H. Patel | Karnataka | ||||
K. Siddaramaiah | Karnataka |
National units
[edit]Thakur Ji Pathak(1989 – 1994)- National General Secretary [11]
State units
[edit]Uttar pradesh
[edit]Anantram Jaiswal(1983)
Karnataka
[edit]Presidents
[edit]B. Rachaiah(1989)[12]
Siddaramaiah(Feb 1999)[13]
C. Byre Gowda(July 1999)[14]
General Secretary
[edit]Jeevaraj Alva(1989-1990)[15][12]
C. Narayanaswamy(1999)[14]
Tamil Nadu
[edit]President
[edit]Sivaji Ganesan(1989-1993)
Janata Dal factions
[edit]Defunct parties
[edit]- Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)led byPappu Yadav(merged withIndian National Congress).
- Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)of LateChandra Shekharis now defunct because of weak leadership.
- Samajwadi Janata Dal (Democratic)led byDevendra Prasad Yadav(merged withRashtriya Janata Dal).
- Bharatiya Sablog Party led byArun Kumar(merged withLok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)).
- Lok Janshakti Partyof LateRam Vilas Paswanand led byChirag Paswan(split into theLok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)led by Ram's sonChirag Paswan,and theRashtriya Lok Janshakti Partyled by Ram's brotherPashupati Kumar Paras).
- Rashtriya Lok Samta Partyled byUpendra Kushwaha(merged withJanata Dal United).
- Loktantrik Janata Dalled by LateSharad Yadav(merged withRashtriya Janata Dal).
- Socialist Janata Party led by Manju Mohan (merged withSocialist Party (India)).
- Samras Samaj Partyled by Nagmani (merged withRashtriya Lok Samta Party).[16]
- Samata Partyof LateGeorge Fernandes(merged withJanata Dal (United)).
- Socialist Janata (Democratic)led by LateM. P. Veerendra Kumar(merged withJanata Dal (United))[17][18]
- Jan Morchaof LateV. P. Singhand led byAjeya Pratap Singh(merged withIndian National Congress).
- Odisha Jan Morchais defunct because of weak leadership.
- Odisha Gana Parishadled byBijoy Mohapatra(merged withNationalist Congress Party).
- All India Progressive Janata Dalled by LateRamakrishna Hegdeand lateS. R. Bommai(merged withJanata Dal (United)).
- Janata Dal (Left)led by Late Surendra Mohan and LateM. P. Veerendra Kumar(merged withJanata Dal (Secular)).
- Lok Shaktiled by LateRamakrishna Hegde(merged withJanata Dal (United)).
- Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)led by Shivpal Singh Yadav (merged withSamajwadi Party).
- Janata Dal (Gujarat)led by LateChimanbhai Pateland LateChhabildas Mehta(merged withIndian National Congress).
- Janata Dal (Digvijay) led byDigvijay Singh(merged withBharatiya Janata Party).
- Janata Dal (Ajit)led by LateAjit Singh(merged withIndian National Congress).
- Janata Dal (Socialist) led by LateChandra Shekhar,LateDevi Lal,LateMulayam Singh Yadav(renamed as LateSamajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)).
- Punjab Janata Morcha (PJM), in English the Punjab Popular Front, was aSikhpolitical partyin theIndianstate ofPunjab.The party formed in 1989 as a splinter group of the Janata Dal. The party failed to win any election seats in its lifetime. Party presidentKirpal Singhannounced that the PJM was disbanded in 1997. Most members joined theJan Morchaby 2003.[19]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Samata Party,archived fromthe originalon 15 February 2022,retrieved15 February2022
- ^"Why the Far Right Rules Modi's India".Jacobin.Retrieved4 June2024.
In this vacuum, the BJP's path to power followed that of three other centrist parties, similar to Congress, which led coalitions on three separate occasions.
- ^N. Jose Chander (1 January 2004).Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience.Concept Publishing Company. pp. 35–.ISBN978-81-8069-092-1.Retrieved31 October2015.
- ^India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics.Pearson Education India. 2010. pp. 334–.ISBN978-81-317-2567-2.Retrieved31 October2015.
- ^"V. P. Singh, a Leader of India Who Defended Poor, Dies at 77".New York Times.29 November 2008.Retrieved31 October2015.
- ^Indian Parliamentary Democracy.Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 2003. pp. 124–.ISBN978-81-269-0193-7.Retrieved1 November2015.
- ^"India's Cabinet Falls as Premier Loses Confidence Vote, by 142-346, and Quits".New York Times.8 November 1990.Retrieved1 November2015.
- ^"India Parliamentary Chamber: Lok Sabha Elections Held in 1991".Inter-Parliamentary Union.Retrieved1 November2015.
- ^"Lalu green signal for Janata Parivar unity".Madan Kumar.The Times of India.5 April 2015.Retrieved1 November2015.
- ^Srivastava, Aaku (2022).Sensex of Regional Parties.Prabhat Prakashan Pvt. Limited.ISBN978-93-5521-236-8.Retrieved21 July2024.
- ^"india-today".indiatoday.com.
- ^abRajghatta, Chidanand; 31 March 1989."Karnataka unit Janata Dal gets a president".India Today.Retrieved22 August2021.
{{cite web}}
:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^"Rediff On The NeT: Spectre of split returns to haunt JD".inwww.rediff.com.Retrieved13 December2021.
- ^abMenon, Parvathi."The fallout in Karnataka".Frontline.Archived fromthe originalon 13 December 2021.Retrieved13 December2021.
- ^Raj Chengappa (15 September 1988)."Karnataka's new CM S.R. Bommai inherits a troubled legacy".India Today.Retrieved17 August2021.
- ^"Samras Samaj Party merges into RLSP".News.webindia123.com.Archived fromthe originalon 7 April 2020.Retrieved22 September2018.
- ^"Nitish Kumar hails SJD's merger with JD-U in Kerala: South, News - India Today".Indiatoday.intoday.in. 29 December 2014.Retrieved12 March2017.
- ^"SJD Merges with Sharad Yadav's Janata Dal (United)".The New Indian Express. 29 December 2014. Archived fromthe originalon 31 December 2014.Retrieved12 March2017.
- ^"From Lucknow to Delhi, parties that died with their founders".The Indian Express.24 December 2016.Retrieved27 June2018.
- ^"Samata Party – Official Website".Archived fromthe originalon 15 February 2022.Retrieved25 April2022.