Japan black
Japan black(also calledblack japanandbicycle paint[1]) is alacquerorvarnishsuitable for many substrates but known especially for its use on iron and steel. It can also be calledjapan lacquerandBrunswick black.Its name comes from the association between the finish and Japanese products in the West.[2]Used as a verb,japanmeans "to finish in japan black". Thusjapanningandjapannedare terms describing the process and its products.
Its highbitumencontent provides a protective finish that is durable and dries quickly. This allowed japan black to be used extensively in theproduction of automobiles in the early 20th century in the United States.
Ingredients
[edit]Japan black consists mostly of anasphalticbase dissolved innaphthaorturpentine,sometimes with other varnish ingredients, such aslinseed oil.It is applied directly to metal parts, and then baked at about 200°C (400°F) for up to an hour.[3]
Automobile use
[edit]Japan black's popularity was due in part to its durability as an automotive finish; however, it was the ability of japan black to dry quickly that made it a favorite of early mass-produced automobiles such asHenry Ford'sModel T.[4]
While other colors were available for automotive finishes, early colored variants of automotive lacquers could take up to 14 days to cure, whereas japan black would cure in 48 hours or less. Thus, variously colored pre-1925 car bodies were usually consigned to special orders, or custom-bodied luxury automobiles.
The development of quick-dryingnitrocellulose lacquers(pyroxylins) which could be colored to suit the needs of the buying public in the 1920s led to the disuse of japan black by the end of the 1920s. In 1924, General Motors introduced "True Blue" Duco (a product ofDuPont) nitrocellulose lacquer on its 1925 modelOakland automobilemarque products.
Ford's formulations
[edit]Ford used two formulations of japan black, F-101 and F-102 (renamed M-101 and M-102 after March 15, 1922). F-101, the "First Coat Black Elastic Japan", was used as the basic coat applied directly to the metal, while F-102, "Finish Coat Elastic Black Japan", was applied over the first layer. Their compositions were similar: 25–35%asphaltand 10%linseed oilwithleadandiron-baseddryers,dissolved in 55%thinners(mineral spirits,turpentine substituteornaphtha). The F-101 also had 1–3% ofcarbon blackadded as apigment.The asphalt used in the Ford formulations was specified to beGilsonite.This has long been used in formulations of paint for use on ironware[5]as it increases the elasticity of the paint layer, allowing it to adhere to steel subjected to vibration, deformation and thermal expansion without cracking or peeling. It is also cheap, yields aglossydark surface, and acts as acuringagent for the oil[dubious–discuss].[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Ebert, Albert Ethelbert; Hiss, A. Emil (1897).The Standard Formulary: A Collection of Nearly Five Thousand Formulas for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Family Remedies, Toilet Articles, Veterinary Remedies, Soda Fountain Requisites, and Miscellaneous Preparations Especially Adapted to the Requirements of Retail Druggists.G.P. Engelhard & Company.
- ^Niimura, Noriyasu; Miyakoshi, Tetsuo (2003) Characterization of Natural Resin Films and Identification of Ancient Coating.J. Mass Spectrom. Soc. Jpn.51, 440.JOI:JST.JSTAGE/massspec/51.439
- ^"Solvents Industry Group: Solvents Industry Group".Americansolventscouncil.org. Archived fromthe originalon 2007-06-13.Retrieved2009-12-08.
- ^"Model T Ford Forum: Japan Black Enamel".www.mtfca.com.Retrieved2024-07-11.
- ^SeePontypool japan
- ^"P-R".Mtfca.com.Retrieved2009-12-08.
