Jayatirtha

Samkhya	Kapila;
Yoga	Patanjali;
Vaisheshika	Kaṇāda,Prashastapada;
Secular	Valluvar;

Jayatirtha
Jayatirtha
Personal
Born	Dhondopant Raghunath Deshpande; 1345 CE; MangalwedhanearPandarpur(present-day inSolapur district,Maharashtra,India)
Religion	Hinduism
Parents	Raghunath Pant Deshpande (father); Sakubai (mother);
Organization
Order	Vedanta
Philosophy	Dvaita,; Vaishnavism
Religious career
Guru	Akshobhya Tirtha
Successor	Vidyadhiraja Tirtha
	Disciples Vidyadhiraja Tirtha,Vyasatirtha;
Honors	Ṭīkācārya

Sri Jayatirtha(Śrī Jaya-tīrtha),also known asTeekacharya(Ṭīkācārya) (c.1345 -c.1388^[5]^[6]^[7]), was aHinduphilosopher, dialectician, polemicist and the sixth pontiff ofMadhvacharyaPeetha from (1365 – 1388). He is considered to be one of the important seers in the history ofDvaitaschool of thought on account of his sound elucidations of the works ofMadhvacharya.He structured the philosophical aspects ofDvaitaand through his polemical works, elevating it to an equal footing with the contemporary schools of thought.^[8]Along withMadhvaandVyasatirtha,he is venerated as one of the three great spiritual sages, ormunitrayaofDvaita.Jayatirtha is considered an incarnation ofIndra(lord of gods) with avesha ofAdi Seshain the MadhvaParampara.^[9]^[10]

Born into an aristocraticDeshastha Brahminfamily,^[11]he later adopted the cause ofDvaitaafter an encounter with the Madhva saint,Akshobhya Tirtha(d. 1365^[12]). He composed 22 works, consisting of commentaries on the works ofMadhvaand several independent treatises criticizing the tenets of contemporary schools, especiallyAdvaita,while simultaneously elaborating upon the Dvaita thought. His dialectical skill and logical acumen earned him the title ofṬīkacāryaorcommentator par excellence.^[13]

Biography[edit]

Historical sources on Jayatirtha's life is scant.^[1]Most of the information about his life is derived from twohagiographies:Aṇu Jayatīrtha VijayaandBṛhad Jayatīrtha Vijayafrom his disciple, Vyāsatirtha (not to be confused withVyasatirtha) and a compilation by Chalāri Saṁkarṣaṇacārya (c. 1700).^[14]According to legendary accounts and the hagiographies, Jayatirtha is an incarnation ofIndra,the lord of gods with avesha ofAdi Seshaand have been miraculously favoured by the GoddessDurga(Mahalakshmi). In the previous birth, Indra incarnated asArjunaand in next life he incarnated as a Bull and carried the load of the library ofMadhvacharyathroughout the Madhva's wanderings betweenUdupiandBadrinath.^[9]^[10]^[15]

Jayatirtha was born Dhondopant (or Dhondorao) Raghunath into aDeshpandefamily of nobles belonging toDeshastha Brahmincommunity inMangalwedhanearPandarpurpresent-day inSolapur district,Maharashtra.^[14]His father name is Raghunath Pant Deshpande and his mother name is Sakubai. His father was a nobleman of military rank. Dhoṇḍo Pant grew up in affluence, with predilection towards sports, particularly horse riding.^[11]At the age of twenty, after a chance encounter with the ascetic Akshobhya Tīrtha on the bank ofriver Bhima,he underwent a transformation which led him to renounce his former life, but not without resistance from his family. After much deliberation, his family relented and he was subsequently initiated into theDvaitafold byAkshobhya Tirtha,who named himJayatīrtha.^[16]Jayatirtha succeeded Akshobhya as the pontiff in 1365. He composed several commentaries and treatises in the brief span of 23 years between his initiation and death in 1388.

Works[edit]

There have been 22 works accredited to Jayatirtha, 18 of which are commentaries on the works of Madhvacharya.^[17]Nyaya Sudha,which is a commentary onMadhva'sAnu Vyakhyana,is considered to be his magnum opus. Running up to 24,000 verses, it discusses and critiques a variety of philosophers and their philosophies, ranging from the orthodox schools of Hinduism likeMimamsaandNyayato heterodox schools likeBuddhismandJainism,arguing in favour of Dvaita.^[18]Apart from commentaries, he has authored 4 original treatises of whichPramana PaddhatiandVadavalistand apart.Pramana Paddhatiis a short monograph on the epistemology ofDvaitadealing with thepramanasin question, theory of truth and error and validity of knowledge whileVadavalideals with the nature of reality and illusion.^[19]

Legacy[edit]

Jayatirtha occupies a special place in the history ofDvaita Literature.The lucidity and measured style of his writing coupled with his keen dialectical ability has allowed his works to percolate through time, reinforced by the commentaries of later philosophers likeVyasatirtha,Vijayindra Tirtha,Raghuttama Tirtha,Raghavendra Tirtha,andVadiraja Tirtha.^[20]His masterpiece,Nyaya SudhaorNectar of Logic,deals with refuting an encyclopaedic range of philosophies that were in vogue at the time.Pereiranotes "His monumentalNectar of Logicis one of the pinnacles of Indic theological achievement ".^[21]Dasguptaremarks "Jayatirtha andVyasatirthapresent the highest dialectical skill in Indian thought ".^[8]

Brindavan[edit]

Jayatirtha entered brindavana alive in 1388 on the bank of theholy riverkagini inmalakhed.^[22]^[23]Jayatirtha's brindavana (tomb) lies between the brindavanas ofAkshobhya Tirtha,andRaghunatha Tirtha.Every year thousands of people attend the aradhana festival from different states ofIndia.^[24]^[25]^[26]

References[edit]

^^a ^bSharma 2000,p. 246.
^Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar (1972).Sanskrit and Maharashtra: A Symposium.University of Poona. p. 44.Among the authors who wrote on the other schools of Vedānta à mention must first of all be made of Jayatirtha (1365–1388 A. D.). His original name was Dhondo Raghunath Deshpande, and he belonged to Mangalwedha near Pandharpur.
^Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (1966).The History and Culture of the Indian People: The struggle for empire.Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 442.Jayatirtha, whose original name was Dhondo Raghunātha, was a native of Mangalvedhā near Pandharpur.
^William J. Jackson (26 July 2007).Vijaynagar Visions: Religious Experience and Cultural Creativity in a South Indian Empire.Oxford University Press. p. 145.ISBN 978-0-19-568320-2.Jaya Tirtha was first named 'Dhondo', and he was the son of Raghunatha, who was a survivor of Bukka's war with the Bahmani Sultanate. Tradition says Raghunatha was from Mangalavede village near Pandharpur. An ancestral house still exists there, and the Deshpandes of Mangalavede claim to be descendents of his family.
^Chang 1991,p. xviii.
^Sharma 1986,p. xviii.
^Leaman 2006,p. 177.
^^a ^bDasgupta 1991,p. viii.
^^a ^bSharma 2000,p. 456.
^^a ^bDalmia & Stietencron 2009,p. 165.
^^a ^bSharma 2000,p. 247.
^Sharma 2000,p. 208.
^Sharma 2000,p. 236.
^^a ^bDalal 2010,p. 178.
^Vivek Ranjan Bhattacharya (1982).Famous Indian Sages, Their Immortal Messages, Volume 1.Sagar Publications. p. 349.Jayatirtha is the incarnation of Indra as Arjuna. They cannot have given us anything except the correct interpretation of the Gita. Jayatirtha is a great interpreter and his exposition is unique, his style is profound.
^Sharma 2000,p. 248.
^Sharma 2000,p. 249.
^Sharma 2000,p. 330.
^Sharma 2000,p. 337.
^Dasgupta 1991,p. 64.
^Pereira 1976,p. 123.
^karnataka State Gazetteers, Volume 21.Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State. 1960. p. 871.He took sanyas and came to be known as Jayatirtha. He wrote a number of commentaries on Madhvacharya and came to be known as Tikacharya. He took samadhi at Anegundi.
^Roshen Dalal (18 April 2014).Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide.Penguin UK. p. 597.ISBN 9788184752779.Jayatirtha is credited with twenty-two works, the most important being Nyaya-sudha, a commentary on Madhva's commentary on the Brahma Sutra, known as Anuvyakhyana. His samadhi is located at Anegundi.
^"Special pujas mark Jayatirtha's aradhana mahotsava at Anegundi".The Hindu.25 July 2016.
^"Jayatirtha's aaradhana begins in Gangavati district of Karnataka".The Hindu.17 July 2022.
^Helmuth von Glasenapp (1992).Madhva's Philosophy of the Viṣṇu Faith.Dvaita Vedanta Studies and Research Foundation. p. 40.It is said that Jayatīrtha was the head of the Madhvas for 21 years; when he died the last ceremonies were done to him in Anegundi; even today the pilgrims visit his samādhi.

Bibliography[edit]

Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti (2000).A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, Vol 1. 3rd Edition.Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint).ISBN 978-8120815759.
Sheridan, Daniel P (1995).Great Thinkers of the Eastern World.Harper Collins.ISBN 978-0062700858.
Dasgupta, Surendranath (1991).A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol 4.Motilal Banarsidass.ISBN 978-8120804159.
Dalal, Roshen (2010).Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide.Penguin Books India.ISBN 978-0143414216.
Sharma, B.N.K (2001).Nyayasudha of Sri Jayatirtha (3 vols).Vishwa Madhva Parishad.ASIN B0010XJ8W2.
Pereira, Jose (1976).Hindu theology: A reader.Image Books.ISBN 978-0385095525.
Chang, Chen-chi (1991).A Treasury of Mahāyāna Sūtras: Selections from the Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra.Motilal Banarsidass.ISBN 978-8120809369.
Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti (1986).Philosophy of Śrī Madhvācārya.Motilal Banarsidass (2014 Reprint).ISBN 978-8120800687.
Leaman, Oliver (2006).Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy.Routledge.ISBN 978-1134691159.
Dalmia, Vasudha; Stietencron, Heinrich von (2009).The Oxford India Hinduism Reader.Oxford University Press.ISBN 9780198062462.

External links[edit]

Jayatirtha on Dvaita.org

[FOOTNOTESharma2000246-1] Sharma 2000,p. 246.

[2] Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar (1972).Sanskrit and Maharashtra: A Symposium.University of Poona. p. 44.Among the authors who wrote on the other schools of Vedānta à mention must first of all be made of Jayatirtha (1365–1388 A. D.). His original name was Dhondo Raghunath Deshpande, and he belonged to Mangalwedha near Pandharpur.

[3] Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (1966).The History and Culture of the Indian People: The struggle for empire.Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 442.Jayatirtha, whose original name was Dhondo Raghunātha, was a native of Mangalvedhā near Pandharpur.

[4] William J. Jackson (26 July 2007).Vijaynagar Visions: Religious Experience and Cultural Creativity in a South Indian Empire.Oxford University Press. p. 145.ISBN 978-0-19-568320-2.Jaya Tirtha was first named 'Dhondo', and he was the son of Raghunatha, who was a survivor of Bukka's war with the Bahmani Sultanate. Tradition says Raghunatha was from Mangalavede village near Pandharpur. An ancestral house still exists there, and the Deshpandes of Mangalavede claim to be descendents of his family.

[FOOTNOTEChang1991xviii-5] Chang 1991,p. xviii.

[FOOTNOTESharma1986xviii-6] Sharma 1986,p. xviii.

[FOOTNOTELeaman2006177-7] Leaman 2006,p. 177.

[FOOTNOTEDasgupta1991viii-8] Dasgupta 1991,p. viii.

[FOOTNOTESharma2000456-9] Sharma 2000,p. 456.

[FOOTNOTEDalmiaStietencron2009165-10] Dalmia & Stietencron 2009,p. 165.

[FOOTNOTESharma2000247-11] Sharma 2000,p. 247.

[FOOTNOTESharma2000208-12] Sharma 2000,p. 208.

[FOOTNOTESharma2000236-13] Sharma 2000,p. 236.

[FOOTNOTEDalal2010178-14] Dalal 2010,p. 178.

[15] Vivek Ranjan Bhattacharya (1982).Famous Indian Sages, Their Immortal Messages, Volume 1.Sagar Publications. p. 349.Jayatirtha is the incarnation of Indra as Arjuna. They cannot have given us anything except the correct interpretation of the Gita. Jayatirtha is a great interpreter and his exposition is unique, his style is profound.

[FOOTNOTESharma2000248-16] Sharma 2000,p. 248.

[FOOTNOTESharma2000249-17] Sharma 2000,p. 249.

[FOOTNOTESharma2000330-18] Sharma 2000,p. 330.

[FOOTNOTESharma2000337-19] Sharma 2000,p. 337.

[FOOTNOTEDasgupta199164-20] Dasgupta 1991,p. 64.

[FOOTNOTEPereira1976123-21] Pereira 1976,p. 123.

[22] karnataka State Gazetteers, Volume 21.Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State. 1960. p. 871.He took sanyas and came to be known as Jayatirtha. He wrote a number of commentaries on Madhvacharya and came to be known as Tikacharya. He took samadhi at Anegundi.

[23] Roshen Dalal (18 April 2014).Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide.Penguin UK. p. 597.ISBN 9788184752779.Jayatirtha is credited with twenty-two works, the most important being Nyaya-sudha, a commentary on Madhva's commentary on the Brahma Sutra, known as Anuvyakhyana. His samadhi is located at Anegundi.

[24] "Special pujas mark Jayatirtha's aradhana mahotsava at Anegundi".The Hindu.25 July 2016.

[25] "Jayatirtha's aaradhana begins in Gangavati district of Karnataka".The Hindu.17 July 2022.

[26] Helmuth von Glasenapp (1992).Madhva's Philosophy of the Viṣṇu Faith.Dvaita Vedanta Studies and Research Foundation. p. 40.It is said that Jayatīrtha was the head of the Madhvas for 21 years; when he died the last ceremonies were done to him in Anegundi; even today the pilgrims visit his samādhi.

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