Jhalda II
Jhalda II | |
|---|---|
Community development block | |
 | |
| Coordinates:23°24′58″N86°05′40″E/ 23.41611°N 86.09444°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | West Bengal |
| District | Purulia |
| Parliamentary constituency | Purulia |
| Assembly constituency | Joypur |
| Area | |
| • Total | 256.61 km2(99.08 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 297 m (974 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 148,156 |
| • Density | 580/km2(1,500/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+5.30(IST) |
| PIN | 723214 (Begunkodar) |
| Telephone/STDcode | 03254 |
| Vehicle registration | WB-55,WB-56 |
| Literacy Rate | 54.76% |
| Website | http://www.jhalda2.org |
Jhalda IIis acommunity development block (CD block)that forms an administrative division in theJhalda subdivisionof thePurulia districtin theIndianstateofWest Bengal.
History
[edit]Background
[edit]TheJaina Bhagavati-Sutraof the 5th century AD mentions that Purulia was one of the sixteenmahajanapadasand was a part of the kingdom known as Vajra-bhumi in ancient times. In 1833, the Manbhum district was carved out of theJungle Mahalsdistrict, with headquarters at Manbazar. In 1838, the headquarters was transferred toPurulia.After independence, when Manbhum district was a part ofBihar,efforts were made to impose Hindi on the Bengali-speaking majority of the district and it led to theBengali Language Movement (Manbhum).In 1956, the Manbhum district was partitioned between Bihar and West Bengal under the States Reorganization Act and the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act 1956.[1][2]
Red corridor
[edit]106 districts spanning 10 states across India, described as being part of theleft wing extremismactivities, constitutes theRed corridor.In West Bengal the districts of Paschim Medinipur, Bankura, Purulia and Birbhum are part of the Red corridor. However, as of July 2016, there had been no reported incidents ofMaoistrelated activities from these districts for the previous 4 years.[3]
The CPI (Maoist) extremism affected CD Blocks in Purulia district were: Jhalda I, Jhalda II, Arsha, Baghmundi, Balarampur, Barabazar, Manbazar II and Bandwan.[4]Certain reports also included the Manbazar I and Joypur CD blocks and some times indicted the whole of Purulia district.[5]
TheLalgarh movement,which started attracting attention after the failed assassination attempt onBuddhadeb Bhattacharjee,then chief minister of West Bengal, in the Salboni area of the Paschim Medinipur district, on 2 November 2008 and the police action that followed, had also spread over to these areas.[6]The movement was not just a political struggle but an armed struggle that concurrently took the look of a social struggle. A large number of CPI (M) activists were killed. Although the epi-centre of the movement wasLalgarh,it was spread across 19 police stations in three adjoining districts – Paschim Medinipur, Bankura and Purulia, all thickly forested and near the border with Jharkhand. The deployment of theCRPFand other forces started on 11 June 2009. The movement came to an end after the2011 state assembly electionsand change of government in West Bengal. The death ofKishenji,theMaoistcommander, on 24 November 2011 was the last major landmark.[6][7]
Geography
[edit]
Kotshila is located at23°24′58″N86°05′40″E/ 23.4160190°N 86.0945590°E.
The Jhalda II CD block is located in the western part of the district. TheKangsabati Rivertakes its name after the confluence of the Saharjor and Girgiri rivers near Tigra village in the Jhalda II CD block. Geographyically the area forms a part of theChota Nagpur Plateau.[8]
The Jhalda II CD block is bounded by theJaridihCD block, in the Bokaro district of Jharkhand, on a part of the north, theJoypurCD block on parts of the north and the east, TheArshaCD block on the east, theBaghmundiCD block on the south, andJhalda ICD block on the west.[9]
The Jhalda II CD block has an area of 256.61 km2.It has 1panchayat samity,9gram panchayats,99 gram sansads (village councils), 131mouzas,118 inhabited villages and 2 census towns.KotshilaandJhalda(partly) police stations serve this block.[10]Headquarters of this CD block is at Kotshila.[11]
Gram panchayatsof the Jhalda II CD block/panchayat samitiare: Bamina-Belyadih,Begunkodor,Chekya,Chitmu, Hirapur-Adardih, Majhidih, Nowahatu, Rigid and Tatuara.[12]
Demographics
[edit]Population
[edit]According to the2011 Census of India,the Jhalda II CD block had a total population of 148,156, of which 135,814 were rural and 12,342 were urban. There were 75,453 (51%) males and 72,703 (49%) females. There were 24,831 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. TheScheduled Castesnumbered 15,663 (10.57%) and theScheduled Tribesnumbered 15,917 (10.74%).[13]
According to the 2001 census, the Jhalda II block had a total population of 123,696, out of which 63,279 were males and 60,417 were females. The Jhalda II block registered a population growth of 18.15 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the Purulia district was 13.96 per cent.[14]Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.[15]
Census townsin the Jhalda II CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets):Chekya(5,995) andBegunkodor(6,347).[13]
Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Jhalda II CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Belyadi (4,217), Bararola (5,913) and Tatayara (5,863).[13]
Other villages in the Jhalda II CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Chitmu (3,893), Adardi (1,980), Bamaniya (2,785),Kotshila(1,452), Hirapur (739), Nawahatu (1,625), Oldih (1797) and Rigid (2,312).[13]
Literacy
[edit]According to the 2011 census the total number of literates in the Jhalda II CD block was 67,532 (54.76% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 45,588 (72.53% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 21,944 (36.29%) of the female population over 6 years). Thegender disparity(the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 36.24%.[13]
See also –List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate
| Literacy in CD blocks of Purulia district |
|---|
| Purulia Sadar subdivision |
| Arsha– 57.48% |
| Balarampur– 60.40% |
| Hura– 68.79% |
| Purulia I– 78.37% |
| Purulia II– 63.39% |
| Manbazar subdivision |
| Barabazar– 63.27 |
| Bandwan– 61.38% |
| Manbazar I– 63.78% |
| Manbazar II– 60.27% |
| Puncha– 68.14% |
| Jhalda subdivision |
| Baghmundi– 57.17% |
| Jhalda I– 66.18% |
| Jhalda II– 54.76% |
| Joypur– 57.94% |
| Raghunathpur subdivision |
| Para– 65.62% |
| Raghunathpur I– 67.36% |
| Raghunathpur II– 67.29% |
| Neturia– 65.14% |
| Santuri– 64.15% |
| Kashipur– 71.06% |
| Source: 2011 Census: CD Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data |
Language and religion
[edit]In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 129,187 and formed 87.19% of the population in the Jhalda II CD block. Muslims numbered 6,559 and formed 4.43% of the population. Others numbered 12,410 and formed 8.38% of the population.[16]Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,[17]and other religious communities. In 2001, Hindus were 86.02%, Muslims 4.29% and tribal religions 9.55% of the population respectively.[18]
At the time of the 2011 census, 79.16% of the population spokeBengali,12.54%Kurmaliand 6.89%Santalias their first language.[19]
Rural Poverty
[edit]According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 32.85% of total number of families wereBPLfamilies in Purulia district.[20]According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 31-38% of the population in Purulia, Murshidabad and Uttar Dinajpur districts were below poverty level, the highest among the districts of West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.[21]
Economy
[edit]Livelihood
[edit]Livelihood
in Jhalda II CD block
In the Jhalda II CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 10,637 and formed 15.83%, agricultural labourers numbered 10,126 and formed 15.07%, household industry workers numbered 32,347 and formed 48.15% and other workers numbered 14,068 and formed 20.94%.[22]Total workers numbered 67,178 and formed 45.34% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 80,978 and formed 54.66% of the population.[23]
Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under theFactories Act.Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.[24]
Infrastructure
[edit]There are 118 inhabited villages in the Jhalda II CD block, as per theDistrict Census Handbook,Puruliya, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 100% villages have drinking water supply. 23 villages (19.49%) have post offices. 96 villages (81.36%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 33 villages (27.97%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 25 villages (25.19%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 6 villages (5.08%) have agricultural credit societies and 6 villages (5.08%) have banks.[25]
Agriculture
[edit]In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in the Jhalda II CD block could be classified as follows:bargadars0.44%, patta (document) holders 14.55%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 6.12%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 38.42% and agricultural labourers 40.47%.[26]
In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in the Jhalda II CD block was 11,856.90 hectares, out of which 3,832.00 hectares was by canal irrigation, 7,228.65 hectares by tank water, 42.21 hectares by river lift irrigation, 201.80 hectares by open dug wells and 552.20 hectares by other means.[26]
In 2013-14, the Jhalda II CD block produced 85,194 tonnes ofAman paddy,the main winter crop, from 34,155 hectares, 511 tonnes of wheat from 216 hectares, 158 tonnes of maize from 73 hectares and 1,149 tonnes of potato from 42 hectares. It also produced maskalai,khesari,gramand mustard.[26]
Banking
[edit]In 2013-14, the Jhalda II CD block had offices of 4 commercial banks and 1gramin bank.[26]
Backward Regions Grant Fund
[edit]The Purulia district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from theBackward Regions Grant Fund.The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.[27][28]
Transport
[edit]
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In 2013-14, the Jhalda II CD block had 5 originating/ terminating bus routes.[26]
TheNSC Bose Gomoh-Hatia lineof the South Eastern Railway passes through this CD block and there are stations at Kotshila and Jhalda.[29]ThePurulia-Kotshila branch lineconnects to the NSC Bose Gomoh-Hatia line at Kotshila.[29]
State Highway 4originates from Jhalda at its junction with theState Highway 4Arunning from Tulin to Chas Morh (both in the Purulia district).[30]
Education
[edit]In 2013-14, the Jhalda II CD block had 116 primary schools with 15,188 students, 11 middle schools with 453 students and 11 higher secondary schools with 14,085 students. The Jhalda II CD Block had 1 general college with 213 students and 215 institutions with 10,696 students for special and non-formal education.[26]
See also –Education in India
According to the 2011 census, in Jhalda II CD block, amongst the 118 inhabited villages, 9 villages did not have a school, 23 villages had two or more primary schools, 24 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 13 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.[31]
Kotshila Mahavidyalayawas established in 2010 atJiudaru.[32]
Healthcare
[edit]In 2014, the Jhalda II CD block had 1 rural hospital and 2 primary health centres, with total 44 beds and 7 doctors. 7,072 patients were treated indoor and 238,003 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.[26]
Muralhar Kotshila Rural Hospital, with 30 beds atJiudaru,is the major government medical facility in the Jhalda II CD block. There areprimary health centresatBegunkodor(with 10 beds) and Khatanga (with 4 beds).[33][34]
References
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- ^"IAP improving lives in Maoist-affected areas".Ideas for India. Archived fromthe originalon 2 October 2016.Retrieved26 September2016.
- ^"Maoists observe 24 hr bandh in five states".UNI, One India.Retrieved26 September2016.
- ^ab"Lalgarh Battle".Frontline.17 July 2009.Retrieved23 July2016.
- ^"Kishenji's death a serious blow to Maoist movement".The Hindu.25 November 2011.Retrieved23 July2016.
- ^"District Census Handbook Puruliya"(PDF).pages 11,12.Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal.Retrieved6 December2016.
- ^"Purulia district".Blocks in Purulia district.Purulia district administration.Retrieved14 September2016.
- ^"District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purulia".Tables 2.1, 2.2.Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Archived fromthe originalon 21 January 2019.Retrieved12 January2020.
- ^"District Census Handbook: Puruliya"(PDF).Map of District Puruliya with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page).Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011.Retrieved2 December2016.
- ^"Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal".Purulia - Revised in March 2008.Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal.Retrieved28 September2016.
- ^abcde"C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA)".2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks.Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.Retrieved12 September2016.
- ^"Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Puruliya District".Census of India 2001.Census Commission of India. Archived fromthe originalon 28 September 2011.Retrieved12 September2016.
- ^"Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4".Census of India 2001.Census Commission of India. Archived fromthe originalon 27 September 2007.Retrieved17 July2016.
- ^ab"Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal".censusindia.gov.in.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.2011.
- ^"ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table".West Bengal.Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.Retrieved28 September2016.
- ^"Table C01 Population by Religious Community: West Bengal".Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.2001.
- ^ab"Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal".www.censusindia.gov.in.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^"West Bengal Summary".Rural Household Survey 2005.Department of Panchayat & Rural Development, Government of West Bengal. Archived fromthe originalon 13 January 2020.Retrieved11 January2020.
- ^"West Bengal: Poverty, Growth and Inequality"(PDF).World Bank Group.Retrieved11 January2020.
- ^"District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A"(PDF).Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011.Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal.Retrieved12 January2020.
- ^"District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A"(PDF).Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011.Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal.Retrieved12 January2020.
- ^"District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A"(PDF).Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 23.Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal.Retrieved12 January2020.
- ^"District Census Handbook, Puruliya, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A"(PDF).Page 79, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011.Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal.Retrieved13 January2020.
- ^abcdefg"District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purulia".Tables 8.2, 17.2, 18.2, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use.Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Archived fromthe originalon 21 January 2019.Retrieved12 January2020.
- ^"Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines"(PDF).Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 30 October 2017.Retrieved12 January2020.
- ^"Backward Regions Grant Fund".Press Release, 14 June 2012.Press Information Bureau, Government of India.Retrieved12 January2020.
- ^ab"58621Adra-Barkakana Passenger".Time Table.indiarailinfo.Retrieved28 September2016.
- ^"List of State Highways in West Bengal".West Bengal Traffic Police.Retrieved23 August2016.
- ^"District Census Handbook, Puruliya, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A"(PDF).Page 976-77, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools.Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal.Retrieved18 January2020.
- ^"Kashipur Mahavidyalaya".KM.Retrieved17 January2020.
- ^"Health & Family Welfare Department"(PDF).Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals.Government of West Bengal. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 8 October 2022.Retrieved18 January2020.
- ^"Health & Family Welfare Department"(PDF).Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres.Government of West Bengal. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 21 April 2018.Retrieved18 January2020.