Jhukar phase
| Bronze Age |
|---|
| ↑Chalcolithic |
| ↓Iron Age |
TheJhukar phasewas a phase of theLate Harappanculture inSindhthat continued after the decline of the matureIndus Valley civilisationin the 2nd millennium BC. It is named after the archaeologicaltype sitecalledJhukarinSindh.[1]It was, in turn, followed by theJhangar phase.[1]
Jhukar and Jhangar phases are collectively calledJhukar and Jhangar culture(1900 - 1500 BCE).Cemetery H culture(subculture of Late Harrapan IVC phase) inPunjabwas contemporaneous to Jhukar-Jhangar culture (subculture of late Harrapan IVC phase) in Sindh, both have evidence of continuity and change. Jhukar culture is associated with the sites excavated at Jhukar, Chanchudaro andAmri(Amri also as an earlier and distinctAmri culturebelonging to earlier phases of IVC).[2]Rangpur culturein Gujarat, also part of late phase of IVC, was also contemporaneous to both.
The pottery of this phase is described as "showing some continuity with mature Harappan pottery traditions."[3]During this phase, urban features of cities (such asMohenjo-Daro) disappeared, and artifacts such as stone weights and female figurines became rare. This phase is characterized by some circularstamp sealswith geometric designs, although lacking theIndus scriptwhich characterized the preceding phase of the civilization. Script is rare and confined to potsherd inscriptions.[4]There was also a decline in long-distance trade.[5]
See also[edit]
- Chronological dating
- Periodisation of the Indus Valley civilisation
- Ahar-Banas culture
- Late Harappan phase of IVC (1900–1500 BCE)
- Cemetery H culturein Punjab
- Jhukar–Jhangar culturein Punjab
- Rangpur culturein Gujarat
- Vedic period
- Kuru Kingdom(1200 – c. 500 BCE)
- Ochre Coloured Pottery culture(2000–1500 BCE)
- Copper Hoard culture(2800-1500 BCE), may or may not be independent of vedic culture
References[edit]
- ^abLanger, William L., ed. (1972).An Encyclopedia of World History(5th ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp.17.ISBN0-395-13592-3.
- ^Upinder Singh, 2008,A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th century,Pearson Education,p. 211.
- ^Upinder Singh (2008),A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century,p.211
- ^Singh (2008)
- ^J.M. Kenoyer (2006), "Cultures and Societies of the Indus Tradition. In Historical Roots" inthe Making of ‘the Aryan’,R. Thapar (ed.), pp. 21–49. New Delhi, National Book Trust.