Shot glass
| Cocktail | |
|---|---|
 Three shot glasses of varying shape and size | |
| Type | Drinkware |
Ashot glassis aglassoriginally designed to hold or measurespirits or liquor,which is either imbibed straight from the glass ( "a shot" ) or poured into acocktail( "a drink" ). An alcoholic beverage served in a shot glass and typically consumed quickly, in one gulp, may also be known as a "shooter"or “shot”.
Shot glasses decorated with a wide variety oftoasts,advertisements,humorous pictures, or other decorations and words are popularsouvenirsandcollectibles,especially asmerchandise of a brewery.[1]
Name origin
[edit]The wordshot,meaning a drink of alcohol, has been used since at least the 17th century, taken from the Old English 'sceot' and is related to the German wordGeschoss.[2]
Earliest examples
[edit]Some of the earliest whiskey glasses in America from the late 1700s to early 1800s were called "whiskey tasters" or "whiskey tumblers" and were hand blown. They are thick, similar to today's shot glasses, but will show apontil markor scar on the bottom, or a cupped area on the bottom where the pontil mark was ground and polished off. Some of these glasses even have hand-applied handles and decorations hand crafted using a grinding wheel.
In the early to mid-1800s, glass blowers began to use molds and several different patterns of "whiskey tasters" in several different colors were being made in molds. These glasses are also thick like today's shot glass but they will have rough pontiled bottoms from being hand blown into the mold. By the 1870s to 1890s as glass making technology improved, the rough pontiled bottoms largely disappeared from glasses and bottles.
Shot-measuring tools
[edit]Jigger
[edit]
A jigger, also known as a measure, is abartendingtool used to measureliquor,which is typically then poured into a glass orcocktail shaker.
The termjiggerin the sense of a small cup or measure of spirits or wine originates in the U.S. in the early 19th century. Many references from the 1800s describe the "jigger boss" providing jiggers of whiskey to Irish immigrant workers who were digging canals in the U.S. Northeast.[3][4]
The style of double-ended jigger common today, made of stainless steel with two unequal sized opposing cones in an hourglass shape, was patented in 1893 by Cornelius Dungan of Chicago.[5]Typically, one cone measures a regulation single shot, and the other some fraction or multiple—with the actual sizes depending on local laws and customs.
In the U.S. up untilProhibition,a jigger was commonly known to be about half agill,or 2 US fluid ounces (59 ml),[6]but starting in the latter part of the 20th century, it is typically interpreted to be 1.5 US fluid ounces (44 ml).[7][8]The jiggers used in the U.K. are typically 25 ml (0.85 US fl oz) and sometimes 35 ml (1.2 US fl oz). Jiggers may also hold other amounts and ratios, and can vary depending on the region and date of manufacture. Many jiggers may also have fractional markings on the inside of the bowl, to facilitate smaller measures of liquid.
Measuring shot glass
[edit]
A measuring shot glass is graduated in smaller units such as half-ounces, teaspoons, tablespoons, or millilitres. They are useful for precise measurement of cocktail ingredients, as well as in cooking recipes that call for multiples of a smaller unit (e.g. several teaspoons), allowing the dispensing of the amount in a single measure.[citation needed]
Sizes
[edit]| Country | Small | Single | Double | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | 50 ml | 100 ml | ||
| Australia | 30 ml | 60 ml | A single shot is sometimes called a "nip".[9]At 30 ml, a typical spirit with 40 percent alcohol is roughly equivalent to one Australianstandard drink.[10] | |
| Bulgaria | 50 ml | 100 ml | 200 ml | |
| Canada | 30 ml (1 US fl oz) or 28 ml (1 imp fl oz) | 44 ml (1.5 US fl oz) or 43 ml (1.5 imp fl oz) | 71 ml (2.5 imp fl oz) | In Canada, a "shot" may refer to an official "standard drink" of 1.5 imperial fluid ounces or 42.6 millilitres,[11]though all establishments serve a "standard drink" of 1 oz.[12]However, shot glasses available in Canada typically are manufactured according to US fluid ounces rather than imperial,[13]making them about 4% larger. |
| Channel Islands | 25 ml | 50 ml | JerseyandGuernsey,bothCrown Dependencies.[14][15] | |
| Denmark | 20 ml | 40 ml | 50 ml | |
| Estonia | 20 or 30 ml | 40 ml | ||
| Finland | 20 ml | 40 ml | — | |
| France | 25 or 35 ml | 50 or 70 ml | ||
| Germany | 20 ml | 40 ml | In Germany, shot glasses (Schnapsglas, Pinnchen, Stamperl) are smaller.[citation needed] | |
| Greece | 45 ml | 90 ml | A shot is also commonly referred to as asfinakiand it can be made of one liquor or a cocktail mix. There is also a 3 oz – "bottoms up" – version ofsfinaki,calledipovrihio,Greek word for submarine. It is served in a standard liquor glass half full of blonde beer, where the bartender adds a glass shot filled with vodka or whiskey.[citation needed] | |
| Hungary | 20 or 30 ml | 40 or 50 ml | 80 or 100 ml | In Hungarian, shot glasses are calledfelespohár(felesmeaning "half", standing for 0.5 dl),pálinkáspohár(forpálinka),kupicaorstampedli.[citation needed] |
| India | 30 ml | 30 ml | 60 ml | A shot is commonly referred to as a "peg", and is measured as a "small" (chhota), or a "large" (bud-da) peg. A 120 ml shot (approximate quantity) in India is called aPatiala peg.[16] |
| Ireland | 35.5 ml | 71 ml | Derived from the use of a quarter-gill(35.516 ml, one-sixteenth of a pint) as the traditional Irish spirit measure. | |
| Isle of Man | 28.4 ml | 56.8 ml | One-fifth of an imperialgill.[17][18] | |
| Israel | 30 ml | 50 or 60 ml | In Israel, the common word for a small shot isצ'ייסר( "chaser" ).[19] | |
| Italy | 30 ml | 40 or 60 ml | In Italy, the common word for a shot iscicchettoor, more informally and used mainly in nightclubs by young people,shottino.In North Italy, thecicchettois the most-common way to taste grappa from at least two centuries.[citation needed] | |
| Japan | 30 ml | 60 ml | In Japanese, the wordショットグラス(shottogurasu) is the term for a shot glass. | |
| Korea | 50 ml | Due to the reason shot glasses are almost exclusively used withSoju,they are called소주잔(soju-jan,lit. Soju glass). | ||
| Netherlands | 35 ml | In the Netherlands a standard shot glass is 35 ml. A shot glass is also called aborrelglas,in whichborrelmeans a gathering at which alcoholic drinks are served andborrelenis a verb meaning to partake in said gathering.[20] | ||
| Norway | 20 ml | 40 ml | ||
| Poland | 20 ml | 50 ml | 100 ml | A standard shot (small) is calledpięćdziesiątka(lit.fifty,as in50 ml) while a large shot (double) is calledsetkaor, colloquially,seta(lit.a hundred,as in100 ml). |
| Romania | 50 ml | 100 ml | A small shot is traditionally known in the Romanian language asunu mic (una mică)meaning "a small one" orcinzeacă,meaning "a fifty", as in fifty milliliters. A single shot is simply calledunu (una mare),meaning "one (big)".[citation needed] | |
| Russia | 50 ml | 100 ml | Both single and double shots are commonly calledстопка(stópka) in Russian, though a variety of slang names exist.Before metricationa single shot was calledшкалик(shkálik) and amounted to 61.5 ml, while a double was calledчарка(chárka) and was equal to 123 ml — both names are still occasionally used. | |
| Serbia | 20 ml | 30–50 ml | 60–100 ml | A single shot is traditionally known in the Serbian language asчашица за ракијуandракијска чашица,meaning "small glass forrakija"and "rakijaglass ", or simply asмера—мерица,meaning "measure". A double shot is simply calledДупли,meaning "a double", while the smallest, 20 milliliter glass, is known asdvojkameaning "two".[citation needed] |
| Sweden | 20 ml | 40 ml | 60 ml | A single shot is referred to as afyra,meaning "a four" and a double is referred to as asexa,meaning "a six", as Swedes generally use centiliters rather than milliliters. |
| Slovakia | 20 or 25 ml | 40 or 50 ml | 80 or 100 ml | The most-common single-shot size is thepol deci(literally, "half a decilitre", 50 ml).[citation needed] |
| Slovenia | 30 ml | 50 ml | 100 ml | The 50 ml size is colloquially known asnula pet( "zero five", meaning 0.5 of a decilitre), and the small onenula tri( "zero three" ). Another common term for a single shot ista kratek,meaning "the short one". |
| South Africa | 25 ml | 50 ml | The South African government has an official definition for the single-shot size.[citation needed] | |
| United Kingdom | 25 or 35 ml | 50 or 70 ml | Shots sold on-premises must contain either 25 ml or 35 ml measures of whisky, gin, rum, or vodka as defined in theWeights and Measures Actof 1985. This requirement does not extend to other spirits. A 2001 amendment allowed a double shot of 70 ml to be served. Generally, a single shot is equal to 35 ml in Northern Ireland and Scotland and 25 ml in Wales and England.[21] | |
| United States | 30 to 44 ml (1.0 to 1.5 US fl oz) | 59 to 89 ml (2 to 3 US fl oz) | There is no official size for a single shot, except in Utah, where a shot is defined as 1.5 US fl oz (44.4 ml).[22]Elsewhere in the U.S., the standard size is generally considered to be 1.25–1.5 US fl oz (37–44 ml).[23][24]A double shot in the U.S. may be 2 US fl oz (59.1 ml)[25]or more. However in most of the U.S. 1.5 US fl oz is the standard, with 1.5 US fl oz of 40% A.B.V spirit having the equivalent alcohol of 12 US fl oz (354.9 ml) of 5% beer, and 5 US fl oz (147.9 ml) of 12% wine.[26] |
See also
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References
[edit]- ^Mark Pickvet (October 1, 1998).The Encyclopedia of Shot Glasses.Glass Press, Inc.
- ^"shot".Oxford English Dictionary(2nd ed.).Oxford University Press.1989.
- ^Ware, Eugene Fitch (1907).The Lyon campaign in Missouri.Topeka, Kansas: Crane and Company. pp. 187–189.
- ^"jigger".Oxford English Dictionary(2nd ed.).Oxford University Press.1989.
- ^Frechette, Chloe (April 14, 2017)."How Japanese Are Japanese Bar Tools?".Punch.Archivedfrom the original on September 23, 2017.RetrievedSeptember 23,2017.
- ^Willett, Andrew (2016).Elemental Mixology.Lulu.com. p. 24.ISBN9781300013525.Archivedfrom the original on April 28, 2021.RetrievedOctober 3,2016.
- ^Feller, Robyn M. (2003).The Complete Bartender.Berkley Books.ISBN978-0-425-19013-5.
- ^Klein, Herbert Arthur (1974).The Science of Measurement: A Historical Survey.New York: Dover Publications, Inc. p. 34.ISBN0-486-25839-4.Archivedfrom the original on December 22, 2016.RetrievedOctober 30,2016.
- ^"Alcohol – Standard drinks guide".alcohol.gov.au.Archivedfrom the original on June 3, 2019.RetrievedApril 17,2014.
- ^"Standard Drinks Guide".Australia:Department of Health and Ageing.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2011.RetrievedApril 10,2011.
- ^"Canada's Low-Risk Alcohol Drinking Guidelines"(PDF).The Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction.2012.Archived(PDF)from the original on August 11, 2017.RetrievedAugust 10,2017.
- ^Smart Serve Ontario: Hospitality Industry Training Organization of Ontario.Smart Serve Ontario: Responsible Alcohol Beverage Service Training(2002).Queen's Printer for Ontario,p. 6.
- ^"What's in an ounce? Less if you're in Canada".The Hamilton Spectator.December 23, 2010.Archivedfrom the original on August 10, 2017.RetrievedAugust 10,2017.
- ^"Guernsey Statutory Instrument 1991 No.57".Archivedfrom the original on March 19, 2022.RetrievedDecember 8,2020.
- ^"Weights and Measures (Jersey) Law 1967".www.jerseylaw.je.Archivedfrom the original on March 19, 2022.RetrievedDecember 8,2020.
- ^Kirin Narayan(1995),Love, stars, and all that,Piatkus, 1995,ISBN978-0-7499-0265-0,archivedfrom the original on March 19, 2022,retrievedSeptember 25,2016,
A Patiala peg is as high as the distance between pinky and index finger.
- ^"Changes to Isle of Man alcohol measurements scrapped".BBC News.March 8, 2013.Archivedfrom the original on October 28, 2020.RetrievedOctober 24,2020.
- ^"1/5 Gill Shot Glass Government Stamped".Gellings.Archivedfrom the original on October 26, 2020.RetrievedOctober 24,2020.
- ^"The Hebrew Academy".Hebrew Academy.RetrievedNovember 19,2022.
- ^"Onenigheid over inhoud borrelglaasje".Trouw(in Dutch). February 16, 1996.RetrievedJune 2,2021.
- ^"1 Unit"Archived2011-08-10 at theWayback Machine(PDF format).
- ^Mark."Shotglass Size".Shotglass.org: a site for shotglasses and other similar items.Archivedfrom the original on May 13, 2008.RetrievedMay 19,2008.
- ^Graham, Colleen."Shot Glass".Cocktails: The Glassware Tour.About.com.Archivedfrom the original on October 19, 2011.RetrievedMay 19,2008.
- ^Rowlett, Russ."Units: S".How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement.University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.Archivedfrom the original on December 3, 1998.RetrievedMay 19,2008.
- ^Rowlett, Russ."Units: D".How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement.University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.Archived fromthe originalon July 16, 2012.RetrievedMay 19,2008.
- ^"What is a Standard Drink? | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)".Archivedfrom the original on April 29, 2022.RetrievedApril 29,2022.
External links
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