Jining
Jining
Tế ninh thị Tsining | |
|---|---|
| Jining City | |
   From top left: Jining city skyline,Weishan Lake,Taibai Lou | |
| Nickname(s): | |
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 Location of Jining inShandong | |
| Coordinates (Jining municipal government):35°24′54″N116°35′14″E/ 35.4151°N 116.5871°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shandong |
| County-level divisions | 12 |
| Municipal seat | Shizhong District |
| Government | |
| •Mayor | Fu Mingxian (Phó minh tiên) |
| Area | |
| •Prefecture-level city | 11,186.97 km2(4,319.31 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,534.2 km2(592.4 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 884 km2(341 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 census) | |
| •Prefecture-level city | 8,081,905 |
| • Density | 720/km2(1,900/sq mi) |
| •Urban | 1,859,406 |
| • Urban density | 1,200/km2(3,100/sq mi) |
| •Metro | 1,518,000 |
| • Metro density | 1,700/km2(4,400/sq mi) |
| GDP[1] | |
| •Prefecture-level city | CN¥493 billion US$74.5 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 58,972 US$ 8,912 |
| Time zone | UTC+8(China Standard) |
| Area code | 0537 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SD-08 |
| License PlatePrefix | Lỗ H |
Jining(simplified Chinese:Tế ninh;traditional Chinese:Tế ninh / tế 寗;pinyin:Jǐníng) is a former capital of Shandong.[2]Is aprefecture-level cityin southwesternShandongprovince. It bordersHezeto the southwest,Zaozhuangto the southeast,Tai'anto the northeast, and the provinces ofHenanandJiangsuto the northwest and south respectively. Jining, which is located directly to the north ofLake Nanyang(Chinese:NamDươngHồ;pinyin:Nányáng Hú), is today the northernmost city reachable by navigation on theGrand Canal of Chinamaking it an importantinland port.
Its population was 8,081,905 at the 2010 census, of whom 1,518,000 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of Rencheng urban district on 884 km2(341 sq mi), Yanzhou district not being totally conurbated yet.
History[edit]
The name Jining was first given to the region in the year 1271 during the Song dynasty, although the exact area and type of administrative district it refers to have varied over the centuries.[3]Jining has several distinctive associations in Chinese history and culture, as in antiquity it was the birthplace and home ofConfucius,along with many of his more famous disciples, includingMencius.Temples to a number of these philosophers still exist in various parts of the prefecture. Liangshan, a county of Jining, is also famous as the principal setting of the Chinese literary classic,Water Margin.
COVID-19 outbreak[edit]
In 2020, theShandonggovernment reported that a prison guard at Rencheng jail in Jining had shown COVID-19 symptoms in early February and that subsequently more than 2,000 inmates and staff were tested, with 200 prisoners and seven officers coming back positive.[4][5] The provincial government said Xie Weijun, party secretary for Shandong's department of justice, and seven prison officials had been fired for mismanagement of the outbreak.[5]
Administration[edit]
Theprefecture-level cityof Jining administers 11county-level divisions,including twodistricts,twocounty-level citiesand sevencounties.
- Rencheng District(Nhậm thành khu)
- Yanzhou District(Duyện châu khu)
- QufuCity (Khúc phụ thị)
- ZouchengCity (Trâu thành thị)
- Weishan County(Vi sơn huyện)
- Yutai County(Ngư đài huyện) - originally inHuxiprefecture
- Jinxiang County(Kim hương huyện) - originally in Huxi
- Jiaxiang County(Gia tường huyện) - originally in Huxi
- Wenshang County(Vấn thượng huyện)
- Sishui County(Tứ thủy huyện)
- Liangshan County(Lương sơn huyện)
| Map |
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Climate[edit]
Jining City is located in the East Asian monsoon climate zone, a warm temperate monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. In summer, there are many southerly winds, influenced by tropical oceanic air masses or degenerate tropical oceanic air masses, with high temperatures and heavy rains; in winter, there are many northerly winds, influenced by polar continental air masses, with sunny and cold weather; spring and autumn are the periods of adjustment of atmospheric circulation, with drought and wind in the spring, and quick warming; autumn is cool, but with occasional rains and cloudy conditions.Having abundant light energy resources is a prominent feature of Jining's climate. The average annual temperature in Jining is 13.3–14.1 °C (55.9–57.4 °F), and the average frost-free period is 199 days. The average annual precipitation is around 597–820 millimetres (23.5–32.3 in).[6]
| Climate data for Jining (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.2 (61.2) |
22.3 (72.1) |
27.6 (81.7) |
32.8 (91.0) |
37.5 (99.5) |
39.0 (102.2) |
40.8 (105.4) |
37.1 (98.8) |
36.3 (97.3) |
34.6 (94.3) |
25.5 (77.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
40.8 (105.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) |
8.9 (48.0) |
14.8 (58.6) |
21.5 (70.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
31.4 (88.5) |
32.1 (89.8) |
30.9 (87.6) |
27.3 (81.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
13.5 (56.3) |
6.8 (44.2) |
20.1 (68.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
3.5 (38.3) |
9.4 (48.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
21.5 (70.7) |
26.1 (79.0) |
27.7 (81.9) |
26.3 (79.3) |
21.9 (71.4) |
15.8 (60.4) |
8.2 (46.8) |
1.9 (35.4) |
14.9 (58.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
4.4 (39.9) |
10.6 (51.1) |
16.2 (61.2) |
21.1 (70.0) |
23.9 (75.0) |
22.6 (72.7) |
17.4 (63.3) |
10.9 (51.6) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
10.3 (50.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −16.2 (2.8) |
−14.3 (6.3) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
4.5 (40.1) |
11.8 (53.2) |
16.0 (60.8) |
12.5 (54.5) |
5.3 (41.5) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
−14.0 (6.8) |
−16.2 (2.8) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 7.5 (0.30) |
12.9 (0.51) |
16.6 (0.65) |
38.4 (1.51) |
52.0 (2.05) |
80.0 (3.15) |
166.7 (6.56) |
173.2 (6.82) |
66.5 (2.62) |
32.4 (1.28) |
29.0 (1.14) |
10.0 (0.39) |
685.2 (26.98) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.7 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.7 | 11.1 | 10.8 | 7.3 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 3.3 | 72.6 |
| Average snowy days | 2.8 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 8.2 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 62 | 58 | 55 | 59 | 61 | 62 | 76 | 79 | 74 | 68 | 69 | 65 | 66 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 151.2 | 154.9 | 205.5 | 230.9 | 251.7 | 228.0 | 192.5 | 188.6 | 190.0 | 188.9 | 160.7 | 153.0 | 2,295.9 |
| Percentpossible sunshine | 48 | 50 | 55 | 59 | 58 | 53 | 44 | 46 | 52 | 55 | 53 | 51 | 52 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[7][8] | |||||||||||||
Economy[edit]
Jining is situated in acoal miningarea in the southwest ofShandong.An industrial city, Jining has a coal-fired power station, the Jining Power Plant. The city is served byJining Da'an Airport.
In 2022, Jining's Gross Regional Product (GRP) finished at 531.69 billion yuan, a year-on-year growth of 4.4%.[9]
Notable people[edit]
- Confucius(551 – 479 BC), central Chinese thinker, founder ofConfucianism(maintempleand tomb inQufu)
- Zengzi(505 BC - 436 BC), Chinese philosopher and author, principal lineage protector and promoter of Confucianism
- Mencius(372 – 289 BC), Chinese thinker, a principal interpreter of Confucianism (main temple inZoucheng)
- Yan Hui(521 BC - 490 BC), one of the famous disciples of Confucius (templein Qufu)
- Lu Ban(507–440 BC), Chinese engineer, philosopher, inventor, military thinker
- Zuo Qiuming(5th century BC), Chinese court writer of the State of Lu, and contemporary of Confucius during the Spring and Autumn period.
- Kong Shangren(1648–1718), a Chinese Qing Dynasty dramatist and poet best known for hischuanqiplay The Peach-Blossom Fan
- Qiao Yu(1927–), a famous Chinese modern songwriter and play writer.
- Pan Xiaoting(1982–), the first professional pool player from China to play full-time on theWPBA Tour.
- Xiong Jingnan(1988–), the first ever Chinese World Champion in mixed martial arts history.
Sister cities[edit]
Ashikaga, Tochigi,Japan(1984)
Lawton, Oklahoma,United States(1995)
Mulhouse,Haut-Rhin,France(1996)- Komatsu, Ishikawa,Japan(2008)
Taganrog,Rostov Oblast,Russia(2009)
Osasco,São Paulo,Brazil(2010)- Fort Smith, Arkansas,United States(2012)[10]
Angra do Heroísmo,Açores,Portugal (2015)- Springfield, Illinois,United States(2019)
Passi,Iloilo,Philippines(2019)
References[edit]
- ^"Shandong Statistical Yearbook-2016".www.stats-sd.gov.cn.
- ^Zhang, Xiang Yang (25 October 2021)."Khúc phụ lỗ quốc cố thành, lịch kinh 3000 niên phong vũ đích chu công phong địa"[en:The Former City of the State of Lu in Qufu, the Fiefdom of the Duke of Zhou after 3,000 years of wind and rain].zh: Bách độ(in Simplified Chinese).Retrieved23 November2023.
- ^Jining Statistical Almanac, 2011,inJining Statistical Information NetArchived5 April 2015 at theWayback Machine
- ^"Coronavirus Found in China Prisons, as Cases Spike in South Korea".NPR.21 February 2020.
- ^ab"Coronavirus cases have not yet peaked, Xi Jinping tells Politburo".SCMP.21 February 2020.
- ^"Tự nhiên địa lý"[en:physical geography].Jining City People's Government(in Simplified Chinese). 1 November 2023.Retrieved23 November2023.
- ^Trung quốc khí tượng sổ cư võng – WeatherBk Data(in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration.Retrieved12 August2023.
- ^ Trung quốc khí tượng sổ cư võng(in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration.Retrieved12 August2023.
- ^"2022 niên tế ninh thị quốc dân kinh tế hòa xã hội phát triển thống kế công báo"[en:Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development of Jining City, 2022].Jining City People's Government(in Simplified Chinese). 28 March 2023.Retrieved23 November2023.
- ^"Fort Smith becomes sister city with Jining, China".Retrieved10 March2015.
External links[edit]
- Government website of Jining(available in Chinese and English)
Jining (Shandong)travel guide from Wikivoyage
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
