Joe Hin Tjio
Joe Hin Tjio | |
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| Born | 2 November 1919 |
| Died | 27 November 2001(aged 82) Gaithersburg,Maryland, U.S |
| Alma mater | Bogor Institute of Agriculture |
| Spouse | Inga Bjorg Arna Bildsfell |
| Children | 1 son |
| Awards | International Prize Award byJoseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Cytogenetics |
| Institutions | National Institute of Health |
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| Traditional Chinese | Tưởng hữu hưng[1] | ||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | Tưởng hữu hưng | ||||||||||||
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Joe Hin Tjio(/ˈtʃiːoʊ/;2 November 1919 – 27 November 2001), was an Indonesian-born American cytogeneticist. He was renowned as the first person to recognize the normal number of humanchromosomeson 22 December 1955 at the Institute of Genetics of theUniversity of Lundin Sweden, where he was a visiting scientist.
Early life
[edit]Tjio was born to Indonesian parents of Chinese origin inPekalongan,Java,then part of theDutch East Indiesand later known as Indonesia. His father was a photographer. Tjio was educated in Dutch colonial schools, trained inagronomyin college, and did research on potato breeding. He was imprisoned for 3 years and tortured by the Japanese in aconcentration campduringWorld War II.[2]
Career
[edit]After the war ended, Tjio went to the Netherlands, whose government provided him with a fellowship for study in Europe. He worked in plant breeding in Denmark, Spain and Sweden. From 1948 to 1959 he did plant chromosome research inZaragozain Spain and spent his summers in Sweden working with ProfessorAlbert Levanin Lund.[3]
In 1953, a lab mistake involving mixingHeLa cellswith the wrong liquid led Tjio and Levan to develop better techniques for staining and counting chromosomes. It allowed researchers for the first time to see and count each chromosome clearly in the HeLa cells with which they were working. They were the first to show that humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes rather than 24, as was previously believed. This was important for the study of developmental disorders, such asDown syndrome,that involve the number of chromosomes.[4]Tjio made his discovery of the correct human chromosome count (46 chromosomes, rather than 48 as counted in 1921 byTheophilus Painter) in 1955 and the findings were published (with Levan as his co-author) in the Scandinavian journalHereditason 26 January 1956.
In 1958 Tjio went to the United States and in 1959 he joined the staff of theNational Institutes of HealthinBethesda, Maryland.He received his Ph.D. in biophysics and cytogenetics from theUniversity of Colorado.He spent the balance of his career at the NIH in human chromosome research. He was named scientist emeritus in 1992, but maintained a laboratory for the next five years. In 1997, he retired toGaithersburg, Marylandwhere he died in 2001 aged 82.[2]
Works
[edit]- Tjio JH, Levan A.The chromosome number of man.Hereditas vol. 42: pages 1–6, 1956.
References
[edit]- ^Lý danh dương (July 2008),Đài loan nham chứng y liệu chi mẫu(PDF),Khoa học nhân khán(in Chinese (Taiwan)), pp. 86–91, archived fromthe original(PDF)on 28 March 2012,retrieved3 August2011
- ^abSaxon, Wolfgang (7 December 2001),"Joe Hin Tjio, 82; Research Biologist Counted Chromosomes",The New York Times,retrieved3 August2011
- ^McManus, Rich (11 February 1997),"Photographer, Prisoner, Polyglot: NIDDK's Tjio Ends Distinguished Scientific Career",The NIH Record,46(3), archived fromthe originalon 21 July 2011,retrieved3 August2011
- ^MacDonald, Anna (13 June 2018)."5 Contributions HeLa Cells Have Made to Science".Cell Science from Technology Networks.Retrieved25 March2020.
External links
[edit]- Human chromosome countin MedTerms Medical Dictionary
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