Johann Heinrich Jung
Johann Heinrich Jung(12 September 1740, inGrund– 2 April 1817, inKarlsruhe), better known by his assumed nameHeinrich Stilling,was a German author.[1]He is often called by both surnames as "Jung-Stilling".
Life
[edit]He was born in the village of Grund (now part ofHilchenbach) inWestphalia.His father, Wilhelm Jung, a schoolmaster and tailor, was the son of Eberhard Jung, charcoal burner,[1]and his mother was Johanna Dorothea née Fischer, the daughter of Moritz Fischer, a poor clergyman and alchemist. Jung became at his father's wish a schoolmaster and tailor.
After various teaching appointments he went in 1768 to study medicine at theUniversity of Strasbourg.There he metGoethe,who introduced him toHerder.[1]In the second volume of his autobiographyDichtung und Wahrheit. Aus meinem Leben,Goethe discusses Jung.
In 1772 Jung settled atElberfeldas physician andoculist,and soon became celebrated forcataractoperations.[1]He performed over 3,000 cataract operations during his lifetime. In 1778 he accepted an appointment as lecturer on agriculture, technology, commerce and veterinary medicine in the newly established College ofCameralism(Hohe Kameral-Schule) atKaiserslautern,a post which he continued to hold when the school was absorbed into theUniversity of Heidelberg[1]in 1784.
In 1787, he was appointed professor of economic, financial and statistical studies at theUniversity of Marburg.In 1803, he resigned his professorship and returned to Heidelberg, where he remained until 1806, when he was granted a pension byCharles Frederick,Grand Duke ofBaden,and moved toKarlsruhe,where he resided until his death in 1817.[1]
He was married three times, and fathered thirteen children. His granddaughterElise von Jung-Stillingwas painter and founder of private painting school in Riga.[2]
Chiliasm
[edit]He has been described as "an able defender of Christianity against German rationalism [and] an ardent and eminentUniversalist."[3]A Professor Tholuck wrote in 1835 that the doctrine of Universalism "came particularly into notice through Jung-Stilling, that eminent man who was a particular instrument in the hand of God for keeping up evangelical truth in the latter part of the former century, and at the same time a strong patron to that doctrine."[3]
Schopenhauerreferred to Jung-Stilling in his example of how rational humans, unlike irrational animals, are prone to error. People can use, according to Schopenhauer, abstract ideas to make other people do anything they wish: "In the year 1818 seven thousandChiliastsmoved fromWürttemberginto the neighborhood ofArarat,because the new kingdom of God, specially announced by Jung-Stilling, was to appear there. "[4][5]
Works
[edit]His autobiographyHeinrich Stillings Leben,from which he came to be known as Stilling, is the principal source about his life. Jung's acquaintance with Goethe at the University of Strasbourg ripened into friendship, and it was by his influence and assistance that Jung's first work,Heinrich Stillings Jugend.[1]Eine wahrhafte Geschichte,was put to paper and published (without Jung's knowledge) in 1777. Considered an important precursor of theBildungsroman,the book concealed Jung's actual surname and gave him the invented name "Stilling", which may derive from the characterization of GermanPietistsas "the still people in the countryside" ("die Stillen auf dem Lande"). His early novels reflect the Pietism of his early surroundings. A complete edition of his numerous works was published in fourteen volumes at Stuttgart in 1835–1838.[1]
There are English translations by Samuel Jackson of the autobiographyLeben(1835) and of theTheorie der Geisterkunde(London, 1834, and New York, 1851); and ofTheobald, or the Fanatic,a religious romance, by the Rev. Samuel Schaeffer (1846).[1]
The original GermanDer graue Mann(1795) was translated into Russian asУгроз Световостоков(Ugroz svetovostokov) (1806), which was translated from Russian into English by Daniel H. Shubin, and published asMenace Eastern-Light, The Man in the Grey Suit(2002).
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^abcdefghiOne or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911). "Jung, Johann Heinrich".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 555–556.
- ^(in German)Jung-(Stilling), Elise vonComplete Works of Carl Maria von Weber. Digital Edition
- ^abRev. John McClintock and James Strong.Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature,vol. 10, 1895, pp. 109–33.
- ^The World as Will and Representation,vol. 2, chapter 6.
- ^Schopenhauer citedChristian Friedrich Illgen'sZeitschrift für historische Theologie,1839, first part, p. 182.
References
[edit]- Ghervas, Stella:Réinventer la tradition. Alexandre Stourdza et l'Europe de la Sainte-Alliance.Paris, Honoré Champion, 2008.ISBN978-2-7453-1669-1
- Gilman, D. C.;Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905)..New International Encyclopedia(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
Further reading
[edit]Biographies by
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bodemann, Bielefeld 1868 (ULB Münster)
- J. V. Ewald (1817)
- Peterson (1890).
External links
[edit]- (in German)http://www.jung-stilling-forschung.de/(with bibliography, partly in English)
- Menace Eastern Light, The Man in the Grey Suit:A Translation into English ofDer Graue Mann,with a biography, by Daniel H. Shubin.ISBN978-1401051402
