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John Kufuor

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For his son, the Ghanaian businessman, seeJohn Addo Kufuor.

John Kufuor
GCB
Kufuor in 2008
5thPresident of Ghana
In office
7 January 2001 – 7 January 2009
Vice PresidentAliu Mahama
Preceded byJerry Rawlings
Succeeded byJohn Atta Mills
5thChairperson of the African Union
In office
30 January 2007 – 31 January 2008
Preceded byDenis Sassou Nguesso
Succeeded byJakaya Kikwete
Member of Parliament for Atwima Nwabiagya
In office
24 September 1979 – 31 December 1981
In office
1 October 1969 – 13 January 1972
Personal details
Born
John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor

(1938-12-08)8 December 1938(age 85)
Kumasi,Colony of the Gold Coast
Political partyNew Patriotic Party
Spouse
​
​
(m.1962; died2023)​
Relations
Children5
Alma materOsei Tutu Boarding School
Prempeh College
Lincoln's Inn
Exeter College, Oxford
Profession
  • Lawyer
  • Businessman
  • Politician

John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor(born 8 December 1938)[1]is aGhanaianpolitician who served as thePresident of Ghanafrom 7 January 2001 to 7 January 2009.[2]He became theChairperson of the African Unionfrom 2007 to 2008 and his victory overJohn Evans Atta Millsat the end ofJerry Rawlings' second term marked the first transition of power inGhanafrom a democratic government to another democratic government.[3]

Kufuor's career has been spent on theliberal-democratic[4]side ofGhanaianpolitics, in the parties descended from theUnited Gold Coast Conventionand theUnited Party.[5]

As a lawyer and businessman, he was a minister inKofi Abrefa Busia'sProgress Partygovernment[6]during Ghana'sSecond Republic,and aPopular Front Partyopposition frontbencher during theThird Republic.In the Fourth Republic Kufuor stood as theNew Patriotic Party's candidate at the1996 election,and then led it to victory in 2000 and 2004. Having served two terms in power, he retired from politics in 2008. He is popularly known as theGentle Giant.[7]

Early life and schooling

[edit]
John and Theresa Kufuor (2008)

The scion of a royal and aristocratic maternal lineage, John Kufuor was born in Daaban a suburb ofKumasiin theAshanti RegionofGhana,and started his primary and elementary school at the Kumasi Government School located in Asem built bySir Gordon Guggisberg.Kufuor was the 7th of 10 children of Nana Kwadwo Agyekum, an Asante royal, and Nana Ama Dapaah, a Queen Mother.[citation needed]

In 1951, he continued his primary (then called 'standard' three) education at Osei Tutu Boarding School (Osei Tutu Senior High School) from 1951 to 1953.[8]AtPrempeh Collegefrom 1954 to 1958, he schooled from Form 1 to Form 5. Arriving inLondonon 30 April 1959, he was by June accepted intoLincoln's Inn,London (1959–61) to study law, becoming qualified as a barrister in one year and eight months. He was called to the London bar in 1961. In the following year, he was called to the bar inGhanabefore going on toOxford University,graduating fromExeter College,in 1964.[9]

He was initially employed at theGhana Commercial Bankin London as a manager and legal officer. He returned to Ghana in the year 1965 at the behest of his mother who (having already bought a first-class ticket for his return) wished him to practice in Africa. He practiced in the Chambers of Victor Owusu with another lawyer, Owusu Yaw.[citation needed]

In 1966, he became the town clerk of Kumasi City Council [nowKumasi Metropolitan Assembly]. In the Second Republic's Parliamentary register, Kufuor lists his hobbies and interests as table tennis, reading,football,and film shows.[10]He was once the chairman of KumasiAsante KotokoFootball Club.[11]

Early political career

[edit]

After completing his education, Kufuor returned toGhanaand launched his political career. In 1967, he became chief legal officer and town clerk for the city ofKumasi.By 1969, he was a member of Parliament and deputy foreign minister in the government ofKofi Abrefa Busia.[12]

Kufuor served as the Member of Parliament forAtwima Nwabiagya[13]in theSecond(1969–72) andThird(1979–81) Republics. He is a founding member of theProgress Partywhich was established in Busia's house.[14]

AsDeputy Minister of Foreign Affairs,he represented Ghana on a number of occasions. From 1969 to December 1971, he led Ghana's delegation to theUnited Nations General Assemblyin New York City, theOrganization of African Unity(OAU) Ministerial Meetings inAddis Ababa,and the Summit Conference of the Non-Aligned Movement inLusaka.In 1970 he led the Ghanaian delegation toMoscowin theSoviet Union,Prague(Czechoslovakia), andBelgrade(Yugoslavia) to discuss Ghana's indebtedness to these countries.

As the Spokesman onForeign Affairsand DeputyOpposition Leaderof thePopular Front Party(PFP) Parliamentary Group during the Third Republic, he was invited to accompany PresidentHilla Limannto the OAU Summit Conference inFreetown, Sierra Leone.He was also a member of the parliamentary delegation that visited the United States in 1981 to talk to theInternational Monetary Fund(IMF) and theWorld Bankon Ghana's economic problems.

In January 1982, the leadership of the All People's Party (APP), which was an alliance of all the opposition parties, advised some leading members, including the Deputy Leader of the Alliance, Alhaji Iddrisu Mahama, the general secretary, DrObed Asamoahand Kufuor, to accept an invitation from theProvisional National Defence Council(PNDC) to serve in what was purported to be a National Government. Kufuor was appointed the Secretary for Local Government in this new government.[15]

As a Secretary for Local Government, he wrote the Local Government Policy Guidelines that were to be the foundation of the current decentralized District Assemblies.[16]

Elections

[edit]
John Kufuor at the 2008World Economic Forumon Africa

On 20 April 1996 Kufuor was nominated by 1034 out of 2000 delegates of theNew Patriotic Party(NPP) drawn from all the 200 Constituencies of the Country to run for the president of Ghana on 10 December 1996. After campaigning for less than nine months, Kufuor polled 39.62% of the popular votes to Rawlings' 57% in the 1996 election. On 23 October 1998 he was re-nominated by theNew Patriotic Partynot only to run again for president but also to officially assume the position of Leader of the Party.[17]

Kufuor won the presidential election of December 2000; in the first round, held on 7 December, Kufuor came in first place with 48.4%, whileJohn Atta-Mills,Jerry Rawlings' Vice-president, came in second with 44.8%, forcing the two into arun-off vote.In the second round, held on 28 December, Kufuor was victorious, taking 56.9% of the vote. When Kufuor was sworn in on 7 January 2001,[18]it marked the first time in Ghana's history that an incumbent government hadpeaceful transition of powerto the opposition.

Kufuor was re-elected in presidential and parliamentary elections held on 7 December 2004, earning 52.45% of the popular vote in the first round and thus avoiding a run-off,[19]while at the same time Kufuor's party, theNew Patriotic Party,was able to secure more seats in theParliament of Ghana.[20]

Presidency

[edit]
Main article:Presidency of John Kufuor
Kufuor with United States PresidentGeorge W. Bushduring a visit to the US in 2001
Kufuor withPresident of BrazilLuiz Inácio Lula da Silvain 2005
At the33rd G8 summitin Heiligendamm in 2007 (Kufuor in front second from left)

His administration's domestic policy in the first term was marked by fiscal and monetary stringency on the economic front, aimed at stabilizing a national economy that had stagnated and was in decline. His social vision was focused on unleashing the entrepreneurial, creative and innovative potential of Ghanaians as a means of creating wealth and hence dealing with the social challenges facing them. This socio-economic vision was encapsulated in the Five Priority Areas Programme, viz., the pursuit ofgood governance,modernization of agriculture for rural development, private sector participation, enhanced social services and vigorous infrastructure development. His administration is said to have received the most financial assistance in the history of Ghana, due essentially to donors' distrust for the military governments before it, as well as those with some military connections.

Kufuor's foreign policy was underpinned by what he termed "economic diplomacy". It is within this context that inAfricain general and in West Africa in particular, agood neighbourlinesspolicy has been pursued, which saw Ghana under Kufuor brokering peace inLiberia,Sierra Leone,Ivory CoastandGuinea-Bissau,among other African states. On the global stage, Kufuor actively sought the establishment of a just and equitable international social and economic order, while promoting and safeguarding the interests of Ghana through bilateral and multilateral agreements. His stature as statesman, democrat and credible spokesman for Africa found expression in his invitation to major international meetings and conferences including the founding summit of the AU, G8 Summits in SeaIsland,Georgiaand Glenneagles, Scotland, and theWorld Economic Forum.

He served as chairman of the regional groupingECOWASfor two consecutive terms – 2003 and 2004.[21]In 2007, due to the policy successes his administration chalked up, Kufuor had his mandate renewed in 2004 and was sworn into office on 7 January 2005. Policy direction in Kufuor's second presidential term built on the foundations laid in the first four years. The administration pursued Ghana's socio-economic transformation in the second term, using the three-pronged approach of private-sector development, human resource development andgood governance.At the international level, Kufuor consolidated Ghana's position as the voice of Africa, credible peace broker, beacon of democracy (Ghana was the first country to undergo Peer Review underNEPAD's Africa Peer Review Mechanism) and responsible member of the comity[spelling?]of nations.

On 29 January 2007, Kufuor was elected asChairperson of the African Unionfor the 2007–08 AU session. He was succeeded byJakaya KikweteofTanzaniaon 31 January 2008.[22] Kufuor was involved in a car accident during his presidency on 14 November 2007, in which another car collided with his, causing it to roll over several times. Kufuor was reported to be uninjured.[23]

Health

[edit]

He started theNational Health Insurance Schemeto replace the existent cash-and-carry system;[24]11 million Ghanaians were registered under this scheme. He set up the National Ambulance Service and built more than 205 hospitals and clinics.[25]He also built a state-of-the-art emergency centre at theKomfo Anokye Teaching Hospital.[26]Kufuor also introduced free maternal health care in public hospitals for all expectant mothers.[27]

Education

[edit]

Kufuor institutionalised the capitation grant for school children at the basic level, whereby each student was entitled to $2 for cultural sports and development. He also started the national school feeding programme. He changed the Senior Secondary School curriculum from three years to four years and renamed it Senior High School. He started the model school senior high school concept, in which some deprived schools were upgraded to the level of some first-class senior high schools.[28]

Access to finance

[edit]

Kufuor launched the Microfinance and small loans program (MASLOC) – a US$50 million fund that makes micro loans available to the productive population – and introduced the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty Program (LEAP), which provides direct cash transfers to poor households in the country who could not support themselves. For the first time in Ghana's history, borrowing became so cheap and available that microfinance companies (and major banks) actually went on to the streets to encourage small-scale businessmen and women to apply for loans.[29][30]

Sports

[edit]

He renovated theAccra Sports Stadiumand theBaba Yara Stadiumas well as built theEssipongandTamale stadiumin 2008 to host theCAN 2008.[31]Under Kufuor Ghana qualified for the World Cup in 2006.[32]

President Kufuor's good governance policy led to Ghana obtaining a record $500 million grant from the U.S Millennium Challenge Account for economic development. The social vision behind the grant was anchored on unleashing the entrepreneurial, creative and innovative potential of Ghanaians as a means of creating wealth and hence dealing with the social challenges facing Ghanaians. This socio-economic vision was encapsulated in the Five Priority Areas Programme vis the pursuit of good governance, modernisation of agriculture for rural development, private sector participation, enhanced social services and vigorous infrastructural development. The George Walker Bush Highway was also built from this fund.[33]

Personal life

[edit]

Kufuor at the age of 23 marriedTheresa Kufuor(née Mensah) in 1962 after they met at a Republic Day Anniversary Dance inLondonin 1961;[7]they have five children together. Kufuor and his family belong to theRoman Catholic Church.He is a Senior Grand Warden of theUnited Grand Lodge of EnglandFreemasons,[34]and has openly professed his membership as aFreemasonsince being a young lawyer.[35] AnAsante,Kufuor speaks theTwilanguage fluently. He was known for using his language whenever he was campaigning in his nativeAshanti Region.Kufuor and his family reside inAccra,Ghana's capital. His wife, Theresa Kufuor, died on Sunday, 1st October 2023.[36][37][38]Kufour has nine siblings four males and five females.[2]

Post-presidency

[edit]

In July 2009, Kufuor became a member of theSNV Netherlands Development OrganizationInternational Advisory Board to contribute his expertise to the organization's poverty reduction work.[39]In September 2009, Kufuor spoke in theNetherlandsat a Dutch government event to mark '60 years of development aid' at the invitation of Dutch MinisterBert Koenders,which was attended by nearly 2,000 people. During his visit to theNetherlands,he was interviewed by the newspaperNRC Handelsbladand theInternationale Samenwerkingmagazine. He argued for the importance of effective development assistance, pointing out that development aid helped Ghana enter the international capital market.[40]

On 21 September 2009, he delivered the prestigious Legatum Pericles Lecture at theLegatum Center for Development and Entrepreneurshipat theMassachusetts Institute of Technology.[41]Kufuor is the Governing Council Chairman ofInterpeace,an international peacebuilding organisation based in Geneva since October 2009. Also in 2009, he served on the High Level Commission on the Modernization of World Bank Group Governance, which – under the leadership ofErnesto Zedillo– conducted an external review of theWorld Bank Group's governance.[42]

Kufuor was chosen together withLuiz Inácio Lula da Silvato jointly receive the 2011World Food Prizefor their personal commitment and visionary leadership while serving as the presidents of Ghana and of Brazil, respectively, in creating and implementing government policies to alleviate hunger and poverty in their countries. The foundation said the significant achievements of these two Laureates illustrate that transformational leadership truly can effect positive change and greatly improve people's lives.[43]

On 20 September 2011, Kufuor inaugurated the John Agyekum Kufuor (JAK) Foundation with a ground-breaking ceremony for the JAK Centre for Leadership, Governance and Development at theUniversity of Ghana,Legon.The inaugural lecture, which attracted very high local and foreign dignitaries, hadHorst Köhler,former president of Germany, as its guest speaker.Thabo Mbeki,former president of South Africa, and Ghana ex-presidentJerry John Rawlings,Kufuor's fiercest critic, were among the dignitaries who attended the ceremony. The ex-presidents also unveiled a plaque on 22 September 2011 for the Kufuor Presidential Library and Museum atKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST), Kumasi, which formed part of the John A. Kufuor Foundation.[44]In September 2018 the foundation set up the Kufuor Young Entrepreneurs Network (K-YEN). This initiative supports and develops young entrepreneurs to excel in their endeavors.[45]

In October 2011, Kufuor received the 2011World Food Prize,along with PresidentLuiz Inácio Lula da Silvafor his personal commitment and visionary leadership while serving as the president of Ghana, and in creating and implementing government policies to alleviate hunger and poverty in his country.[43]

Since November 2011, Kufuor has been the first high-level chair of theSanitation and Water for All(SWA) partnership.[46]

Numerous NPP supporters tried to barricade President Kufuor's house on 7 January 2013 to prevent him from attendingJohn Dramani Mahama's inauguration, which the NPP as a party had decided to boycott as they felt going would undermine their challenge to Mahama's win in court. Kufuor explained that the party had allowed him to go because he was invited as an ex-President of Ghana and not as a Member of the NPP to the chagrin of the supporters. TheGhana Police Service(GPS) reinforcement had to be sent to his abode to allow him to be able to go for the programme.[47]

In September 2017, theGeorge Grant University of Mines and Technology(UMaT) appointed Kufour as the first Chancellor of the university,[48]the appointment taking effect from 1 November 2017. The Investiture of was held in January 2018.[49]

Awards and accolades

[edit]

Kufuor has received numerous awards, including the Face-of-Good-Governance Award, Chatham House Prize, the Climate Change Award, and the World Food Program's Global Ambassador Against Hunger.[50]

Foreign Honours

[edit]

United Kingdom:

Liberia:

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Ivor Agyeman-Duah:Between Faith and History: A Biography of J. A. Kufuor(Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2003,ISBN1-59221-128-3). Oxfordshire: Ayebia Clarke Publishing, 2006.ISBN978-0-9547023-9-7.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"John Kufuor | Biography, Education, & Facts | Britannica".britannica.Retrieved29 September2023.
  2. ^ab"John Agyekum Kufuor, Biography".ghanaweb.Retrieved29 September2023.
  3. ^"Ghana - Independence, Gold Coast, Kwame Nkrumah | Britannica".britannica.Retrieved29 July2023.
  4. ^"John Agyekum Kufuor, Biography".ghanaweb.Retrieved29 September2023.
  5. ^"John Agyekum Kufuor, Biography".ghanaweb.Retrieved29 September2023.
  6. ^"John Kufuor | Biography, Education, & Facts | Britannica".britannica.Retrieved29 September2023.
  7. ^ab"How Kufuor met his wife and married at age 23 - MyJoyOnline.com".myjoyonline.19 May 2021.Retrieved19 May2021.
  8. ^"John Kufuor - President of Ghana".worldpresidentsdb.Retrieved26 April2018.
  9. ^"Dr John Kufuor".exeter.ox.ac.uk.Retrieved10 December2020.
  10. ^"John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor".ghanaweb. Archived fromthe originalon 15 May 2021.Retrieved10 December2020.
  11. ^"John Kufuor".World economic forum.Retrieved10 December2020.
  12. ^"29 August 1969: Progress Party wins elections to form government of the 2nd Republic".Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation.29 August 2017.Retrieved29 July2023.
  13. ^"Chief Kufuor eyes Atwima Nwabiagya seat".Modern Ghana. 6 September 2010.Retrieved10 December2020.
  14. ^"Today Is Kufour's 84th Birthday; Check Out This Brief Biography Of Kufour - NewsGhana24".Retrieved27 June2023.
  15. ^"John Agyekum Kufuor".World leaders Forum.Retrieved10 December2020.
  16. ^"Secretary for Local Government".Retrieved10 December2020.
  17. ^"President of Ghana John Kufuor".Retrieved10 December2020.
  18. ^"Kufuor, John".clubmadrid.
  19. ^"Former President Agyekum Kufuor turns 82 today".ghanaweb.Retrieved10 December2020.
  20. ^"Elections in Ghana".Africanelections tripod.Archivedfrom the original on 30 May 2012.Retrieved14 May2012.
  21. ^"ECOWAS creates peace fund, retains Kufuor as chairman".newhumanitarian.org. 20 December 2003.Retrieved10 December2020.
  22. ^"Kikwete is new AU chairman".IOL.Reuters.31 January 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 8 December 2008.
  23. ^"Ghana's president involved in a car crash".IOL.Reuters. 14 November 2007.Archivedfrom the original on 8 December 2008.
  24. ^"Health Insurance in Ghana".Ghana Web.Archivedfrom the original on 4 August 2013.Retrieved26 July2013.
  25. ^ "Presidency".Archived fromthe originalon 4 April 2012.Retrieved26 July2013.
  26. ^Sebastian R. Freiku (9 June 2008)."KATH, Accident, Emergency Centre takes shape".Ghanaian Chronicle.Kumasi: Modern Ghana.Archivedfrom the original on 22 October 2013.Retrieved26 July2013.
  27. ^"More Pregnant Women Register Under Free Maternal Health Care Programme".Modern Ghana. 19 July 2008.Retrieved10 December2020.
  28. ^"Kufuor inaugurates model School at Praso".13 May 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 28 September 2013.Retrieved26 July2013.
  29. ^"Effects of the Microfinance and Small Loans Centre on Rural Enterprise Growth among Women Beneficiaries in the Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana"(PDF).Retrieved10 December2020.
  30. ^"The Kufuor years (2001 – 2009): Economic Policies and Achievements".12 July 2018.Retrieved10 December2020.
  31. ^"President Tasks NSC To Manage Stadium Well".modern ghana.Retrieved10 December2020.
  32. ^"After a Long Wait Ghana Finally Made the FIFA World Cup Tournament in Germany in 2006".29 August 2006.Retrieved10 December2020.
  33. ^Joy News (15 February 2012)."N1 highway named after George Bush".Modern Ghana.Archivedfrom the original on 7 May 2013.Retrieved26 July2013.
  34. ^Ghana, Web (30 November 2017)."Kufour A Freemason".GhanaWeb.Retrieved30 November2017.
  35. ^"Freemason is not occult nor a secret society - Former Prez Kufuor"(interview with Bola Ray), TV Plus Ghana, 21 December 2017.
  36. ^"Theresa Kufuor dies at 87 - MyJoyOnline.com".myjoyonline.1 October 2023.Retrieved2 October2023.
  37. ^"Former First Lady Theresa Kufuor dead".Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana.1 October 2023.Retrieved2 October2023.
  38. ^"Former First Lady Theresa Kufuor dead".GhanaWeb.1 October 2023.Retrieved2 October2023.
  39. ^"International Advisory Board"Archived10 December 2014 at theWayback Machine,SNV.
  40. ^"Africa still needs aid -Kufuor".Ghanaweb.com. 29 September 2009.Archivedfrom the original on 27 September 2012.Retrieved14 May2012.
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  42. ^"Outside Review Supports World Bank Group Reform".Web.worldbank.org.21 October 2009.Retrieved27 January2018.
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  44. ^"I am happy to see you Rawlings – says Kufuor".Myjoyonline. Archived fromthe originalon 23 September 2011.Retrieved22 September2011.
  45. ^"Kufuor Inaugurates Young Entrepreneurs Network".DailyGuide Network.28 September 2018.Retrieved16 February2021.
  46. ^"Sanitation and Water for All at Stockholm World Water Week 2013".Sanitation and Water for All (SWA). 15 October 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 9 April 2014.Retrieved9 February2012.
  47. ^"NPP supporters besiege Kufuor's residence – To stop him from attending Mahama's inauguration".7 January 2013. Archived fromthe originalon 10 March 2013.Retrieved11 January2013.
  48. ^Aryeh, Felix L."His Excellency Former President John Agyekum Kufuor Appointed Chancellor of UMaT".umat education Ghana.Archived fromthe originalon 13 January 2018.Retrieved12 January2018.
  49. ^"Kufuor's appointment as UMaT Chancellor well-deserved – Akufo-Addo".ghanaweb.12 January 2018.Retrieved12 January2018.
  50. ^"2011: Kufuor and Lula".Retrieved10 December2020.
  51. ^"Prez. Kufuor to receive Chatham House Prize".ghanaweb. 3 October 2008.Retrieved10 December2020.
  52. ^ab"Ghana's President says we live in an interdependent world and promises more support for Liberia - Liberia | ReliefWeb".reliefweb.int.24 November 2008.Retrieved27 June2023.
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  56. ^"Kufuor, John Agyekum, (born 8 Dec. 1938), President, Republic of Ghana, 2001–09; Ambassador Against Hunger, United Nations World Food Programme, since 2009; Founder, The John A. Kufuor Foundation, 2011",Who's Who,Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007,doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u43906,retrieved27 June2023
  57. ^"Kufuor, Asantehene attend Freemasons meeting in London".Pulse.Retrieved10 December2020.
  58. ^"Kufuor receives Leadership and Governance award".8 July 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 11 July 2016.Retrieved8 July2016.
  59. ^"Kufuor appointed Senior Grand Warden of UK Freemason Lodge".citifmonline. 27 April 2017.Retrieved10 December2020.
  60. ^"Kufuor appointed Senior Grand Warden of UK Freemason Lodge".Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always.27 April 2017.Retrieved9 January2021.
  61. ^"Liberia awards H.E. Kufuor highest honour – John Agyekum Kufuor Foundation".Retrieved9 January2021.
  62. ^Graphic.com.gh (28 August 2018)."Weah decorates Kufuor with Liberia's highest national award".Graphic Online.Retrieved9 January2021.
[edit]
Parliament of Ghana
Preceded by
Parliament suspended
 Member of Parliament for Atwima Nwabagya
1969–1972 		Parliament suspended
Preceded by
Parliament suspended
 Member of Parliament for Atwima Nwabagya
1979–1981 		Parliament suspended
Political offices
Preceded by
N/A
 Minister for Local Government
1982 		Succeeded by
Acquah Harrison
Preceded by President of Ghana
2001–2009 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chairman of the Economic Community of West African States
2003–2005 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chairperson of the African Union
2007–2008 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by New Patriotic Party presidential candidate
1996,2000,2004 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Kufuor&oldid=1232878573"