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Josef Jakobs

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This article is about the Second World War spy. For the First World War flying ace, seeJosef Jacobs.
Josef Jakobs
Jakobs inc. 1941
Born(1898-06-30)30 June 1898
Luxembourg
Died15 August 1941(1941-08-15)(aged 43)
Tower of London,London, England
Cause of deathExecution by firing squad
Burial placeSt Mary's Catholic Cemetery, Kensal Green,London
NationalityGerman
OccupationSpy
Known forLast person executed in the Tower of London
Criminal chargeTreachery
Criminal penaltyDeath
Criminal statusExecuted
Espionage activity
AllegianceNazi Germany
AgencyAbwehr
Service years1940–1941
RankFeldwebel
OperationsWorld War II

Josef Jakobs(30 June 1898 – 15 August 1941) was a German spy and the last person to be executed at theTower of London.He was captured shortly after parachuting into the United Kingdom during theSecond World War.Convicted of espionage under theTreachery Act 1940,Jakobs was sentenced to death and shot by a military firing squad. He was nothangedsince he was captured as anenemy combatant.

Early life[edit]

Jakobs, who was a German citizen, was born in Luxembourg in 1898. During theFirst World War,he served in the German infantry, rising to the rank ofLeutnant,in the4th Foot Guards.In June 1940, ten months after the outbreak of the Second World War, Jakobs was drafted into theWehrmachtas anOberleutnant.However, when it was discovered that he had been imprisoned in Switzerland from 1934 to 1937 for selling counterfeit gold, he was forced to resign his commission in the Wehrmacht.[1]Jakobs was demoted to aFeldwebel(NCO) and placed in theMeteorologischer Dienst(meteorological service) of the German Army. Shortly afterwards, he also began working for theAbwehr,the intelligence department of the German Army.[2]

Capture and interrogation[edit]

On 31 January 1941, Jakobs was flown fromSchiphol Airportin theNetherlandstoRamseyin Huntingdonshire. He parachuted from the aircraft and landed in a field near Dove House Farm, but broke his ankle during the process.[3]The following morning, Jakobs attracted the attention of two farmers, Charles Baldock and Harry Coulson, by firing his pistol into the air.[1]Baldock and Coulson notified members of the localHome Guard,who quickly apprehended Jakobs.[1]He was caught still wearing his flying suit and carrying £500 in British currency, forged identity papers, a radio transmitter and a German sausage.[2]

On his person was also found a photo purportedly of his lover, a German cabaret singer and actress named Clara Bauerle (1905–1942), who became a spy because she had spent a few years performing in the West Midlands and could speak English with aBirminghamaccent. Jakobs said Bauerle was meant to join him after he had made "radio contact", but then doubted she would now be sent since he was arrested before he could communicate with his team.[4]Bauerle's whereabouts remained unknown for several decades, and it was conjectured that shemay have died under suspicious circumstances in England,though the corpse found inside a hollow tree was a foot shorter than Bauerle. In 2016, it was discovered that Bauerle had died in a Berlin hospital on 16 December 1942.[5]

Jakobs was taken to Ramsey Police Station before being transferred toCannon Row Police Stationin London, where he gave a voluntary statement to Major T.A. Robertson ofMI5.[1]Due to the poor condition of his ankle, Jakobs was transferred toBrixton PrisonInfirmary for the night. The following day he was briefly interrogated by Lieutenant Colonel Stephens of MI5 atCamp 020before being transferred toDulwich Hospitalwhere he remained for the next two months.[1]

Military trial and execution[edit]

TheWindsor chairthat Josef Jakobs sat on whenexecuted by firing squadat theTower of Londonon 15 August 1941
A plaque at theTower of Londonconcerning the execution of Josef Jakobs

Jakobs'court martialtook place in front of a military tribunal at theDuke of York's HeadquartersinChelsea,London SW3, on 4–5 August 1941. The trial was heldin camerabecause the German agent had been apprehended in a highly classified intelligence operation known as theDouble Cross System.The British were aware that Jakobs was coming because his arrival information had been passed on toMI5by theWelsh nationalistandAbwehrdouble agentArthur Owens.[6]After a two-day trial which involved hearing the testimony of eight witnesses, Jakobs was found guilty of spying and sentenced to death.[7]

Jakobs's execution took place at theminiature rifle rangein the grounds of the Tower of London on 15 August 1941. He was tied and blindfolded in a brownWindsor chair.Eight soldiers from the Holding battalion of theScots Guards,armed with.303Lee–Enfields,took aim at a white cotton target, aboutmatchbooksize, pinned over Jakobs' heart. The squad fired in unison at 7:12 a.m. after being given a silent signal from Lieutenant-Colonel C.R. Gerard (DeputyProvost MarshalforLondon District). Jakobs died instantly. Apostmortemexamination found that one bullet had hit Jakobs in the heart and the other four had been on or around the marked target area. As three members of the eight-man firing squad had been issued with blanks, only five live rounds were used.[8]He was the last person to be executed at theTower of London.[9]

Following the execution, Jakobs' body was buried in anunmarked graveatSt Mary's Catholic Cemetery, Kensal Green,London. The location used for Jakobs' grave has since been re-used, so the original grave site is difficult to find.[10]

References and footnotes[edit]

  1. ^abcdeLevine, Joshua (2011).Operation Fortitude:The Story of the Spy Operation that Saved D-Day.HarperCollins. pp. 122–126.
  2. ^ab"The unbelievable story of the doomed spy who was the last person to be executed at the Tower of London".My London. 30 May 2020.Retrieved10 June2020.
  3. ^Webb, Simon (2011).Execution: A History of Capital Punishment in Britain.United Kingdom: The History Press. p. 48.ISBN9780752466620.
  4. ^"Who put Bella down the Wych Elm?".Strange Remains.24 April 2015.Retrieved17 January2018.
  5. ^"Clara Bauerle is Finally Laid to Rest".josefjakobs.info.27 September 2016.Retrieved15 February2018.
  6. ^"Britain's first double agent: the spy who tricked us all".The Daily Telegraph.London. Archived fromthe originalon 25 June 2013.Retrieved29 December2012.
  7. ^Levine, Joshua (2011).Operation Fortitude:The Story of the Spy Operation that Saved D-Day.HarperCollins. pp. 131–133.
  8. ^Wynn, Stephen (2020).City of London at War 1939–45.Pen and Sword. p. 80.ISBN978-1526708304.
  9. ^"The story of the last person to be executed at the Tower of London".MyLondon.3 November 2019.Retrieved10 June2020.
  10. ^Ramsey, Winston (1976). "German Spies in Britain".After the Battle.11.Battle of Britain Prints International Ltd.: 24–25.

External links[edit]


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