Joseph Nye

Joseph Nye
Official portrait, 1994
Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs
In office September 15, 1994 – December 16, 1995
President	Bill Clinton
Preceded by	Chas Freeman
Succeeded by	Franklin Kramer
Chair of theNational Intelligence Council
In office February 20, 1993 – September 15, 1994
President	Bill Clinton
Preceded by	Fritz Ermarth
Succeeded by	Christine Williams
Personal details
Born	Joseph Samuel Nye Jr. (1937-01-19)January 19, 1937 South Orange,New Jersey,U.S.
Education	Princeton University(BA) Exeter College, Oxford(MA) Harvard University(PhD)

Joseph Samuel Nye Jr.(born January 19, 1937) is an Americanpolitical scientist.He andRobert Keohaneco-founded theinternational relationstheory ofneoliberalism,which they developed in their 1977 bookPower and Interdependence.Together with Keohane, he developed the concepts of asymmetrical andcomplex interdependence.They also explored transnational relations andworld politicsin an edited volume in the 1970s. More recently, he pioneered the theory ofsoft power.His notion of "smart power"(" the ability to combine hard andsoft powerinto a successful strategy ") became popular with the use of this phrase by members of theClinton Administrationand theObama Administration.

Nye is the former Dean of theJohn F. Kennedy School of GovernmentatHarvard University,where he currently holds the position of University Distinguished Service Professor, Emeritus.In October 2014, Secretary of StateJohn Kerryappointed Nye to theForeign Affairs Policy Board.He is also a member of theDefense Policy Board.He has been a Harvard faculty member since 1964. He is a fellow of theAmerican Academy of Arts & Sciences,a foreign fellow of theBritish Academy,and a member of theAmerican Academy of Diplomacy.

The 2011 Teaching, Research, and International Policy (TRIP) survey of over 1,700 international relations scholars ranked Nye as the sixth most influential scholar in the field ofinternational relationsin the past 20 years.He was also ranked as one of the most influential figures inAmerican foreign policy.In 2011,Foreign Policymagazine included him on its list of top global thinkers.In September 2014,Foreign Policyreported thatinternational relationsscholars and policymakers ranked Nye as one of the field's most influential scholars.

Life and career

Education

Nye attended Morristown Prep (now theMorristown–Beard School) inMorristown, New Jerseyand graduated in 1954. He then attendedPrinceton University,from where he graduatedsumma cum laudewith a B.A. in history in 1958. He was a member ofPhi Beta Kappaand won theMyron T. Herrick Thesis Prize.His senior thesis was titled "Death of a Family Firm: An Entrepreneurial History of the American Preserve Company."During his time at Princeton, Nye was vice president of theColonial Club,a columnist forThe Daily Princetonian,and a member of theAmerican Whig–Cliosophic Society'sDebate Panel.After studyingPhilosophy, Politics and Economics(PPE) as aRhodes ScholaratOxford University'sExeter College,he obtained his PhD inpolitical sciencefrom Harvard University in 1964. Nye's doctoral dissertation was on regional integration in East Africa.

Career

Nye joined the Harvard faculty in 1964 and served as Director of the Center for Science and International Affairs atJohn F. Kennedy School of Governmentfrom 1985 to 1990 and as Associate Dean for International Affairs at Harvard University from 1989 to 1992. Nye also served as Director of the Center for International Affairs at Harvard University from 1989 to 1993 and Dean of John F. Kennedy School of Government from 1995 to 2004. Nye is currently (as of July 2018) University Distinguished Service Professor, Emeritus.

Nye and his colleague Keohane have been characterized as key figures in the development of a discipline of international political economy, largely as a result of their authorship ofPower and Interdependence.Nye's influences includeKarl DeutschandErnst Hass.

From 1977 to 1979, Nye was Deputy to theUndersecretary of State for Security Assistance, Science, and Technologyand chaired theNational Security CouncilGroup on Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons. In recognition of his service, he was awarded the State Department'sDistinguished Honor Awardin 1979. In 1993 and 1994, he was Chairman of theNational Intelligence Council,which coordinates intelligence estimates for the President, and was awarded the Intelligence Community's Distinguished Service Medal. In theClinton Administrationfrom 1994 to 1995, Nye served asAssistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs,and was awarded the Department's Distinguished Service Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster. Nye was considered by many to be the preferred choice forNational Security Advisorin the2004 presidential campaignofJohn Kerry.

He is the chairman of the North American branch of theTrilateral Commissionand the co-chair of theAspen Strategy Group.He is also a member of theAtlantic Council's Board of Directors.Nye has also served as a trustee ofRadcliffe CollegeandWells College.He was on the board of directors of theCouncil on Foreign Relations,the Guiding Coalition of theProject on National Security Reform,the Advisory Board ofCarolina for Kibera,and the Board of theCenter for Strategic and International Studies.He has been awarded the Woodrow Wilson Prize byPrinceton Universityand the Charles E. Merriman Prize by theAmerican Political Science Association.In 2005, he was awarded the Honorary Patronage of theUniversity Philosophical SocietyofTrinity College Dublinand has been awarded honorary degrees by ten colleges and universities. In 2010, Nye won the Foreign Policy Distinguished Scholar Award from theInternational Studies Association.In 2009, he was made a Theodore Roosevelt Fellow of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.

In October 2014, Secretary of StateJohn Kerryappointed Nye to theForeign Affairs Policy Board.The group meets periodically to discuss strategic questions and to provide the Secretary and other senior Department officials with independent informed perspectives and ideas.In November 2014, Nye was awarded theOrder of the Rising Sun,Gold and Silver Star in recognition of his "contribution to the development of studies on Japan-U.S. security and to the promotion of the mutual understanding between Japan and the United States."

Nye serves as a Commissioner for theGlobal Commission on Internet Governance,and served on theGlobal Commission on the Stability of Cyberspacefrom 2017 until its conclusion in 2019. He currently serves on the global Advisory Council forCFK Africa,a leading NGO working in Kenyan informal settlements.

Nye coined the termsoft powerin the late 1980s, and it first came into widespread usage following a piece he wrote inForeign Policyin 1990. Nye has consistently written forProject Syndicatesince 2002.

Personal life

Nye and his wife, Molly Harding Nye, have three adult sons.He is a member of aUnitarian Universalist Associationchurch.

Significant views

Nye is aneo-liberal.

In Nye's view, analysis of collective security systems requires consideration of economic matters.Matters of collective economic security include common goods, the presence or absence of trade restrictions, and distribution of profits between countries.

Bibliography

• Pan Africanismand East African integration(Harvard University Press,1965)
• Peace in Parts: Integration and Conflict in Regional Organization(Little Brown and Company,1971)
• Transnational Relations and World Politics,co-authored withRobert O. Keohane(Harvard University Press,1972)
• Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition,co-authored with Keohane (Little Brown and Company, 1977;Longman,2000)
• Living with Nuclear Weapons.A Report by the Harvard Nuclear Study Group (Harvard University Press, 1983)
• Hawks, Doves and Owls: An Agenda for Avoiding Nuclear War,co-authored withGraham AllisonandAlbert Carnesale(Norton,1985)
• Nuclear Ethics(The Free Press,1986)
• Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power(Basic Books,1990)
• Understanding International Conflicts: An Introduction to Theory and History, 7th ed.(Longman, 2008)
• The Paradox of American Power:Why the World's Only Superpower Can't Go it Alone(Oxford University Press,2002)
• Power in the Global Information Age: From Realism to Globalization(Routledge,2004)
• Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics(PublicAffairs,2004)
• "Soft Power and American Foreign Policy."Political Science Quarterly119.2 (2004): 255-70.
• The Power Game: A Washington Novel(PublicAffairs, 2004)
• The Powers to Lead(Oxford University Press, 2008)
• The Future of Power(PublicAffairs, 2011)
• Presidential Leadership and the Creation of the American Era(Princeton University Press,2013)
• Is the American Century Over?(Polity,2015)
• Do Morals Matter? Presidents and Foreign Policy from FDR to Trump(Oxford University Press, 2020);
• A Life in The American Century(Polity,2024)

Essays and reporting

• Nye, Joseph S. Jr. (June 2013)."Do Presidents matter?".Dispatches. Leadership.The Atlantic.311(5): 13–15.RetrievedJuly 3,2015.

See also

• Globalism

External links

Media related toJoseph Nyeat Wikimedia Commons

• AppearancesonC-SPAN