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June 1958

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June 16, 1958: Wham-O begins marketing theHula Hoop
June 29, 1958: Brazil wins 5 to 2 over Sweden to capture theWorld Cup,with two goals from 17-year old rookie forwardPeléin Stockholm
June 16, 1958: Former Hungarian Premier Imre Nagy hanged by Communist government

The following events occurred inJune1958:

June 1, 1958 (Sunday)

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The RCA cartridge next to the smaller improvement[2]
  • TheRCA tape cartridge,a forerunner of 1963's "compact cassette"that would become the industry standard, was demonstrated in a press conference by theRCAcompany as the first tape recording system that was enclosed in its own case and saved users from having to thread a tape machine. The "Stereo-Tape Cartridge" was 7 inches (180 mm) long by 5 inches (130 mm) wide (compared to the 4 "by 2.5" cassette used later), and its 0.5 inches (13 mm) width tape could only be used on RCA equipment.[3]
  • A doubleheader between twoNegro American Leagueteams was played at New York City'sYankee Stadiumand attracted 9,506 spectators, including scouts from six of the 16 major league teams. TheDetroit Clownsbeat theMemphis Red Sox,13 to 3 in the first game and lost the second, 7-6 in six innings.[4]
  • Born:Nambaryn Enkhbayar,President of Mongoliafrom 2005 to 2009, Prime Minister from 2000 to 2004; inUlaanbaatar.

June 2, 1958 (Monday)

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  • All 45 people aboardAeromexicoFlight 111 were killed when the Lockheed Constellation crashed shortly after takeoff from Guadalajara with a destination of Mexico City, in the deadliest aviation accident in Mexico up to that time.[5][6]
  • TheRoyal Federation of Malaya Air Force,later the Royal Malaysian Air Force, was founded from the Malayan Volunteers Air Force that had been a branch of Britain's RAF.
  • InSan Simeon, California,Hearst Castleopened to the public for guided tours.[7]
  • In Washington D.C.,Mildred Jeter and Richard Lovingwere married and then moved back toCentral Point, Virginia,where both had been raised. Because Mildred was black and Loving was White, the two were arrested on June 12 for violating Virginia Code §20-59, the state's law againstmiscegenationandinterracial marriage.Convicted of breaking the law, but each receiving a one-year jail sentence, suspended on condition that they leave Virginia until 1984, Mr. and Mrs. Loving left Virginia but, in 1963, would file a motion in theCaroline Countycourt to vacate the sentence. Their appeal would lead to the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision inLoving v. Virginia,finding unanimously that all state laws against interracial marriage were a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The case would be cited in a 2015 Supreme Court decision,Obergefell v. Hodges,holding that restrictions against same-sex marriage in the U.S. unconstitutional as well.
  • Born:
  • Died:
    • Townsend Cromwell,35, American oceanographer who discovered, in 1952, theCromwell Currentthat flows beneath the surface of the Pacific Ocean; in the crash of Aeromexico Flight 111
    • Dr.Carl Fried,68, German-born Brazilian surgeon and pioneer in radiation therapy

June 3, 1958 (Tuesday)

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  • By a vote of 350 to 161, France's parliament approved a constitutional law to empower the government of new premierCharles de Gaulleto draft anew constitutionand to grant de Gaulle and his cabinet a six month period allowing the government torule by decree,with some exceptions for basic rights of citizens. De Gaulle had threatened to resign immediately if the emergency power was not granted.[8]The upper house of the parliament, the Council of the Republic voted, 256 to 30, to yield the power to reform the constitution to the De Gaulle government.[9]The new constitution would create theFrench Fifth Republic,a system of government providing for more power to an electedpresident.
  • Voters in the city of Los Angeles approved "Proposition B" the donation of 352 acres (142 ha) of land in theChavez Ravineto Brooklyn National League Club, Inc., which had already moved the Brooklyn Dodgers team to Los Angeles prior to the start of the 1958 season, for purposes of buildinga new stadium.[10]With all votes counted, the site for Dodger Stadium was approved by a margin of 345,435 to 321,142.[11]
  • Born:Donatella Damiani(stage name for Donatella Casula), Italian film actress and supermodel; inNaples

June 4, 1958 (Wednesday)

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June 5, 1958 (Thursday)

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June 6, 1958 (Friday)

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  • As part of the policy ofapartheidand the newGroup Areas Act 1957,the city ofPretoria,executive capital ofSouth Africa,ordered the transfer ofSouth Africans of Indian descentto relocate out of the White Areas of Pretoria and to the newly-created township ofLaudium.
  • In a speech to supporters inOran,where French Army officers hadled a coup d'etatagainst the existing French government, Prime Minister de Gaulle declared his support for maintainingAlgeriaand its European-minority government as a part of Metropolitan France, proclaiming "Vive l'Algérie française!" (Long live French Algeria). He repeated the sentiment later in the day inMostaganem.Nevertheless, de Gaulle would later change his stance and support the independence of Algeria as a republic ruled by the area's Arab majority.
  • China Medical College,later China Medical University, was established in the city ofTaichung.
  • TheDetroit Tigersput an African-American player on the field for the first time, 11 years after Jackie Robinson had integrated Major League Baseball, asOzzie Virgil Sr.(who had been an MLB player for almost two years with the Giants) was put in at third base in an away game against the Washington Senators.[19]Virgil had one hit in five times at bat and scored one run in an 11 to 2 win.[20]
  • Died:

June 7, 1958 (Saturday)

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  • In a landmark date inmedical imaging,the British medical journalThe Lancetpublished the paper "Investigation of Abdominal Masses by Pulsed Ultrasound", by obstetricians Dr.Ian Donaldand John MacVicar, and medical physicist T. G. Brown detailing the first use ofmedical ultrasoundfor diagnosing problems of an unborn child still in the womb.[22]
  • Tim Tam,the thoroughbred racehorse who had won the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness, seemed poised to be the first winner of U.S. horse racing's Triple Crown as the favorite (with 3-20 odds) in theBelmont Stakes,but broke asesamoid boneand went lame a quarter of a mile before the finish line. Tim Tam, whose racing career was ended, placed second toCavan,who had not run in the Derby or the Preakness.[23]
  • After an angry meeting with officials inStockholm,thePeople's Republic of Chinawithdrew fromFIFA,the governing body for soccer [football], in protest of FIFA's admission of a team fromTaiwan.The Chinese team had last played in FIFA competition on June 2, 1957, when it lost to Indonesia, 2-0, in theWorld Cup qualificationtournament.
  • Berry Gordy Jr.founded the recording company "Tamla Records" inDetroit.On April 14, 1960, Tamla would be incorporated as theMotownRecord Corporation, a portmanteau of Detroit's automotive manufacturing reputation as "The Motor Town".[24]
  • TheSSEdmund Fitzgeraldwas launched from theGreat Lakes Engineering Worksshipyard atRiver Rouge, Michigan.[25]At 729 feet (222 m) in length, she would be the largest freighter on the North AmericanGreat Lakesfor more than a dozen years, but eventually go down with her crew of 29 in 1975.
  • Born:Prince(stage name for Prince Rogers Nelson), American rock musician, inductee into theRock and Roll Hall of Fame;inMinneapolis,Minnesota(d. of drug overdose, 2016)

June 8, 1958 (Sunday)

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  • Burma's Prime MinisterU Nusurvived a motion of no confidence in his government by a margin of only eight votes, 127 to 119.[26]Nu would remain in office a little more than four months before resigning on October 27 to transfer power to Burmese Army GeneralNe Win.
  • Voting was held for 160 of the 320 seatsofFrance'sConseil de la République,the upper house of the French parliament during theFourth French Republic.
  • Rear AdmiralAmerico Thomazwaselected president of Portugal,defeating Air Force GeneralHumberto Delgado,who had pledged to fire the most powerful person inPortugal,Prime MinisterAntónio de Oliveira Salazar.[27]In the election, believed by several independent observers to have been fraudulent, Thomaz won by a 3 to 1 margin over the popular Delgado. After the 1958 election, Salazar decreed that the president would be elected by the National Assembly rather than by direct popular vote.
  • David Isom broke the color line by swimming at Florida's Spa pool. The pool was "white only", so he, a black man, was not allowed to swim there. The manager drained the pool and closed the facility.[28][29]
  • Born:Larisa Kislinskaya,Russian journalist and newspaper columnist who went from cultural reports for the Soviet Union to becoming an investigative reporter (d. 2022)

June 9, 1958 (Monday)

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  • All 24 people aboard an Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-12 airliner were killed in Russia when the plane flew into the side of a hill as it was making its approach to Magadan at the end of a flight from Okhotsk.
  • Died:
    • Robert Donat,53, English film star and 1939 Academy Award winner for Best Actor forGoodbye, Mr. Chips,died from cerebral thrombosis caused by a brain tumor.[30]
    • Fido,16, celebrated Italian dog known for his loyalty in waiting more than 14 years for his deceased owner to return home; a monument in his honor was erected in the town ofBorgo San Lorenzo

June 10, 1958 (Tuesday)

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June 11, 1958 (Wednesday)

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  • TheDaily News,New York City's most-read newspaper, broke the story thatWhite House Chief of StaffSherman Adamswas under investigation by a U.S. House of Representatives Special Subcommittee on Legislative Oversight.[32]Two days later, U.S. President Eisenhower's press secretary,James C. Hagerty,was asked about rumors that Adams had accepted expensive gifts from a friend, Bernard Goldfine, despite federal law prohibiting the practice. According to theNew York Daily News,Adams had accepted a $2,400 Oriental rug (equivalent to in price to $24,000 sixty years later). Another reporter asked about a $700vicuna woolcoat and $2,000 of bills that Goldfine had paid for Adams for stays at Boston's Sheraton Plaza hotel.[33]The scandal would force Adams, who had been the chief aide from the start of Eisenhower's presidency, to resign.
  • United Nations Security Council Resolution 128was passed, 10 votes to none (with the Soviet Union abstaining rather than voting in favor or using its veto power), bringing the UN into thecivil war in Lebanon.[34]The resolution authorized the creation of theUnited Nations Observation Group in Lebanon(UNOSIL), a nonmilitary international group to verify that outside aid was not being provided to either side from beyond Lebanon's borders. A military intervention by the U.S. would follow on July 15.
  • The capital of the French colony and future West African republic ofSenegalwas moved fromSaint-LouistoDakar.[35]
  • The Vikings,an action and historical film that was released byCurtleigh Productions(owned by actorsTony CurtisandJanet Leigh), premiered at New York City at the Astor Theatre and the Victoria Theatre, and became a worldwide hit after its general release in August.[36]

June 12, 1958 (Thursday)

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June 13, 1958 (Friday)

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June 14, 1958 (Saturday)

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  • The People's Republic of China released two imprisoned American Roman Catholic priests, Reverend Joseph P. McCormack and Reverend Cyril P. Wagner, after both had served five years' incarceration on convictions of espionage. A third priest,James Edward Walsh,had been given an exit visa but refused to leave because he wanted to continue his ministry inShanghai,and would remain until 1970. McCormack and Wagner departed China on a British ship,Changsha,on June 18. Four other Americans,John T. Downey,Hugh F. Redmond,Richard C. Facteau, and Robert E. Cann, remained incarcerated.[41]
  • Britain'sBBCtelevision network began showingThe Black and White Minstrel Show,[42]a popular variety show that would run for 20 seasons,[43][unreliable source?]despite its use ofwhitesingers inblackface(billed as "The Mitchell Minstrels" ) and no players of African descent. The show's comedy was based on Americanminstrel showsand featured stereotypes of African-American speech and manners.
  • Born:Eric Heiden,American speed skater with five Olympic gold medals; inMadison, Wisconsin[44]

June 15, 1958 (Sunday)

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June 16, 1958 (Monday)

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  • InHungary,former Prime MinisterImre Nagy,former Defense MinisterPál Maléter,journalistMiklós Gimes,and Lieutenant Colonel József Szilágyi were all executed fortreasonfor their roles in theHungarian Revolution of 1956.The trial, verdict and sentences were not announced until afterward. Four other persons received prison sentences ranging from 5 to 12 years, and a life sentence was meted out for authorSándor Kopácsi.[45]According to later reports, Nagy, Gimes and Szilagyi were all hanged while General Maleter was shot.[46]
  • TheWham-Otoy company began marketing of the "Hula hoop",a 110 cm (42 in) diameter hoop made fromMarlexplastic, with the earliest known advertisement for the "Hula-Hoop by Wham-O" being placed by "The Broadway" chain of department stores inLos Angeles,for sale for $1.98[47](equivalent to $20 more than 60 years later). With giveaways, national marketing and retailing, a fad would spread eastward across the United States.[48]
  • The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the case ofKent v. Dulles,5 to 4, that the U.S. State Department could not withhold issuing passports to Americans based on suspicion of disloyalty to the U.S., invalidating a federal regulation on grounds that it was not authorized by Congress. The Court avoided the question of whether such a regulation would be unconstitutional.[49]The State Department responded to theKentdecision on June 24 by removing questions about Communist Party membership from its passport applications and issuing passports to those persons who had left the answer blank.[50]
  • ACruzeiro do Sulairliner in Brazil crashed, killing all but five passengers out of a total of 26 people on board. The Convair CV-440 was approachingCuritibaat the end of a flight fromFlorianópolis.The dead included formerPresidentNereu Ramos,who had served as the interim president for 10 weeks in 1955 and 1956.

June 17, 1958 (Tuesday)

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June 18, 1958 (Wednesday)

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June 19, 1958 (Thursday)

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  • In India, the top of the Himalayan mountainMrigthuniwas reached for the first time. MountaineerGurdial Singhand four other members of the Indian team reached the summit of 22,490 feet (6,850 m).
  • Born:Sergei Makarov,Soviet Russian ice hockey star; inChelyabinsk,Russian SFSR,Soviet Union
  • Died:Jack Westrope,40, American thoroughbred jockey later inducted to the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame, was fatally injured in the running of theHollywood OaksatHollywood Parknear Los Angeles. Westrope was moving into the lead on the filly Well Away when the horse struck the inner rail and he was hurled at high speed onto the structure.[57]

June 20, 1958 (Friday)

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June 21, 1958 (Saturday)

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  • A U.S. District Court judge in Arkansas issued an order allowing the school board ofLittle Rocka two-and-a-half year delay in implementing racial desegregation of its schools, allowingCentral High Schoolto revert to its all-white status for the 1958-1959, 1959-1960 and 1960-1961 school years. The seven remaining African-American students at Central High were to be denied from returning to the school in the autumn. JudgeHarry J. Lemleywrote, "... While the Negro students at Little Rock have a personal interest in being admitted to the public schools on a nondiscriminatory basis as soon as practicable, that interest is only one factor of the equation," adding "there is also another public interest involved, eliminating or at least ameliorating the unfortunate racial strife and tension which existed in Little Rock during the past year and still exists there."[59]
  • TheAstrological Association of Great Britainwas founded.
  • Born:Reema Lagoo(stage name for Nayan Bhadbhade), Indian stage and film actress; inBombay(now Mumbai); (d. of heart attack, 2017)
  • Died:

June 22, 1958 (Sunday)

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  • The firstcoronation ceremonyinNorwaywas held in more than 50 years after being eliminated by an amendment of the constitution in 1908.King Olav V,who had ascended the throne on September 21, had convinced the government of Prime MinisterEinar Gerhardsenthat an event should be held to acknowledge the King's commencement of duties as head of theChurch of Norway,if not the nation's monarch. For the "Signing til kongsgjerning" ( "Blessing of the King's Reign" ), King Olav sat upon the coronation throne inTrondheimto listen to a sermon, after which he knelt as BishopArne Fjellburecited a prayer while placing a hand upon the King's head. No crown was used.
  • Born:
  • Died:
    • Frances Kyle,64, Northern Irish barrister and the first woman (along withAveril Deverell) to practice law in the United Kingdom, being admitted to the Bar of Ireland in 1921, and in 1922 to Great Britain.
    • ReverendA. E. Robertson,87, Scottish minister and mountain climber

June 23, 1958 (Monday)

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  • Almost 100 people were killed in the explosion of two fireworks stands in a crowded outdoor market in the Brazilian city ofSanto Amaro, Bahiaand 300 injured as people were preparing to celebrate "O Nascimento de João Batista", or St. John's Day, the June 24 honoring of thenativity of John the Baptist.[63]
  • A mob of hundreds of rioters inMoscowattackedWest Germany's Embassyin the Soviet Union, in apparent retaliation for demonstrations against the Soviet Union in West Germany's capital,Bonn,a week earlier. The crowd smashed 40 large windows and hurling stones, bricks, chunks of iron, bottles and burning rags at the building. The attack went on for two hours with no intervention by police.[64]
  • In a 7 to 2 decision, the U.S. Supreme Court publishedMiller v. United States,holding that a person cannot lawfully be arrested in one's home without the officers first giving notice of their authority and purpose. Because evidence seized in the raid by federal agents in the home of an accused drug dealer, 17-year-old William Miller of Washington D.C., was done without a warrant or an announcement of why the law enforcement agents were at his home, the evidence seized from Miller and two of his partners was not admissible and the charges were dismissed.[65]

June 24, 1958 (Tuesday)

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June 25, 1958 (Wednesday)

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June 26, 1958 (Thursday)

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  • In theNorth Sulawesiprovince,Indonesian Armytroops recaptured the city ofManado,capital of the rebel government set up byPermesta,two days after the rebel government had evacuated the city following eight days of fierce fighting.[71]The rebels relocated their capital to the city ofTomohon.[72]
  • Surya Wonowidjojofounded theIndonesiancigarette manufacturerGudang GaramTbk, which he would build into a multi-million-dollar operation. Wonowidjojo's son,Rachman Halim,became the Gudang Garam CEO in 1984 and expanded it into a conglomerate, eventually becoming a billionaire and the richest man in Indonesia.
  • The small city ofRiehen,locatedBasel-Stadtcanton,broke centuries of tradition and became the first locality inSwitzerlandto allowwomen the right to vote.On September 29,Trudy Späth-Schweizerwould become the first Swiss woman elected to public office, serving on the city council.
  • Gaston Eyskensformed a new government as Prime Minister of Belgium, replacingAchille Van Ackerafter Van Acker's Socialist-Liberal coalition had lost its plurality of seats in the June 1 elections.[73]
  • Cuban rebels led byRaúl Castrobegan the taking of North American hostages, kidnapping 10 American and two Canadian mining company employees.[74]The next day, the Cubans kidnapped 24 U.S. servicemen who had been on leave from the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base.[75]All the hostages were treated well, and would ultimately be released, starting with four American civilians and one Canadian civilian on July 2.[76]
  • The 71-year-old ironbarqueOmega,aPeruviansailing ship and freighter that had been built in Liverpool in 1887 as the British shipDrumcliff,sank after springing a leak. As the world's lastfull-rigged shiptrading under sail alone, the ship sank while carrying a cargo ofguanofrom the Pachacamac Islands forHuacho.The ship's captain, Juan Anibal Escobar Hurtado, was accused by the Peruvian government of deliberately sinking the ship and was never cleared, despite his efforts to show that the sinking was due to the ship's age and poor maintenance.[77]
  • Born:

June 27, 1958 (Friday)

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  • The IndianTamil languagemusical filmMaalaiyitta Mangaipremiered.
  • A U.S. Air ForceC-118airplane, with nine crew aboard, flew 106 miles (171 km) intoSovietairspace after crossing the U.S.S.R.'s border with Turkey into theArmenian SSRand was captured in theAzerbaijan SSRnearYevlakh.According to a protest note delivered to the U.S. Ambassador in Moscow, two Soviet fighters signaled the American plane to follow them to the nearest landing field and "The intruder did not comply." The plane finally landed "on Soviet territory 240 kilometres (150 mi) from the place where it violated the state frontier of the Soviet Union and burned up",[78]apparently from the crew's destruction of the plane after departing.[79]Five of the U.S. airmen were beaten by angry Russian peasants shortly after parachuting to the ground and one, Major Bennie A. Shupe, was confronted by alynch mob,commenting later that "They threw a rope over thecrossarmof a telephone pole. I have no doubt they were going to hang me. "Shupe said that after he made it clear that he was an American, the mob backed off and Soviet soldiers took the U.S. men into custody, where they were treated well.[80]The nine men would be released on July 7 and transported to the Iranian city ofAstaraon the border between the U.S.S.R.'s Azerbaijan SSR and Iran.
  • ThePeronist Partybecame legal again inArgentina.
  • An attempt by the U.S. Air Force to set a world speed record for fourKC-135tanker planes resulted in tragedy when the third of the four planes crashed on takeoff fromWestover Air Force BaseinSpringfield, Massachusetts.The airplane stalled, skidded across theMassachusetts Turnpike,and burst into flames, killing all 15 persons aboard, six of whom were newspaper reporters assigned to cover the story.[81][82]
  • The last original episode ofThe Frank Sinatra Showwas telecast on theABCnetwork in the U.S., after which the superstar singer retired permanently from weekly television shows. Sinatra had been given control over the show and split the 32 episodes into 23 variety shows (14 of them live) and nine dramatic plays, in some of which he acted. The final episode was a play called "The Seedling Doubt", presented by Sinatra as host, but not featuring him as an actor.[83][unreliable source?]
  • Billy Pierce,pitcher for theChicago White Soxbaseball team, prevented 26 batters from theWashington Senatorsfrom reaching first base and was within one batter of pitching aperfect gamewhen pinch hitterEd Fitz Geraldhit a double to ruin the achievement.[84]
  • Born:

June 28, 1958 (Saturday)

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June 29, 1958 (Sunday)

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June 30, 1958 (Monday)

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References

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  1. ^"De Gaulle Named Premier in 329-224 Vote; Asks 6-Month Decree Rule; Leftists Riot; Algiers Is Displeased by Cabinet Choices", by Robert C. Doty,The New York Times,June 2, 1958, p. 1
  2. ^attribution:Jeh92 and Ubcule
  3. ^"R.C.A. Introduces a Tape Cartridge; Stereophonic Unit Ending Need for Threading Works With Ease of LP Disk", by Harold C. Schonberg,The New York Times,June 2, 1958, p. 25
  4. ^"Six Major League Scouts Watch Negro Nines Split in Twin Bill", by Louis Effrat,The New York Times,June 2, 1958, p. 31
  5. ^"45 KILLED AS TIJUANA PLANE HITS MOUNTAIN",Los Angeles Mirror News,June 3, 1958, p. 1
  6. ^"Mexican Air Crash Kills 15 From U.S.; 30 Others Also Die as Plane Hits Peak Near Guadalajara",Los Angeles Times,June 4, 1958, p. 1
  7. ^"Hearst Castle".California State Parks.Archivedfrom the original on 2011-02-08.Retrieved2011-02-15.
  8. ^"De Gaulle Wins Reform Power After He Threatens to Resign; Balky Assembly Yields, 350-161", by Robert C. Doty,The New York Times,June 3, 1958, p. 1
  9. ^"French Parliament Fades Away, Leaving Government to de Gaulle", by Henry Giniger,The New York Times,June 4, 1958, p. 1
  10. ^"Dodgers Leading in Vote on Site; Baseball Club Holds Edge in Chavez Ravine Test", by Gladwin Hill,The New York Times,June 4, 1958, p. 1
  11. ^"24,293-Vote Victory Won for Baseball",Los Angeles Times,June 6, 1958, p. 1
  12. ^"De Gaulle Goes to Algeria Today to Calm Dissidents",The New York Times,June 4, 1958, p. 1
  13. ^"De Gaulle Tells Algeria All Will Have Equal Vote; Rebels Included; Premier Offers Them Referendum Role — Plan Startles Paris", by Thomas F. Brady,The New York Times,June 5, 1958, p. 1
  14. ^"18 Killed, 100 Hurt In Midwest Twister",The New York Times,June 5, 1958, p. 1
  15. ^"Death of Chief Test Pilot; SR-53 Explodes".Manchester Guardian.June 6, 1958. p. 1.
  16. ^Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.Grimwood, James M."Part 1 (B) Major Events Leading to Project Mercury January 1958 through October 1, 1958".Project Mercury - A Chronology.NASA Special Publication-4001.NASA.Retrieved29 January2023.
  17. ^"Comoros".The Statesman's Yearbook 2012: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World.Palgrave Macmillan UK.2017. p. 349.
  18. ^"Evelyn Ellis, 64, a Stage Actress; Bess in 1927 Hit, 'Porgy,' Is Dead".The New York Times.June 6, 1958. p. 23.
  19. ^"Tigers' First Negro To Play 3rd Tonight; Charleston Infielder Called Up",Detroit Free Press,June 6, 1958, p. 1
  20. ^"Tigers' 14 Safeties Rout Senators, 11-2",The New York Times,June 7, 1958, p. 13
  21. ^"Lloyd Hughes Is Dead; Screen Actor Had Appeared With Many Noted Stars",The New York Times,June 9, 1958, p. 23
  22. ^The Lancet,No. 271, (& June 1958), pp. 1188–1195
  23. ^"Cavan Captures $114,600 Belmont; Tim Tam, 3-20, Lame After Finishing Second",The New York Times,June 8, 1958, p. 1
  24. ^Arthur M. Woodford,This Is Detroit, 1701 — 2001(Wayne State University Press, 2001) p. 198
  25. ^"A New Sea Giant",Detroit Free Press,June 8, 1958, p. C-1
  26. ^"Burma Leader Gets Vote of Confidence".The New York Times.June 9, 1958. p. 10.
  27. ^Welles, Benjamin (June 9, 1958). "Salazar Nominee Wins in Portugal; Rival Presidential Candidate Gets High Protest Vote".The New York Times.p. 1.
  28. ^https://flashbak.com/david-isom-eugene-williams-and-fight-to-swim-whilst-black-in-mid-century-america-452223/,accessed on August 8, 2022
  29. ^https://www.gettyimages.ch/detail/nachrichtenfoto/david-isom-broke-the-color-line-in-one-of-this-citys-nachrichtenfoto/514907186,accessed on August 8, 2022
  30. ^"Robert Donat, Actor, Dead at 53; Starred in 'Goodbye, Mr. Chips'; Briton Won Oscar for Role of Teacher— Recently Made ComeBack to Screen",The New York Times,June 9, 1958, p. 23
  31. ^"Tornado Deaths Rise to 13 as Kansas Town Pushes Clean-Up of Its $2,000,000 Damage",The New York Times,June 12, 1958, p.33
  32. ^Gibson, Gwen (June 11, 1958). "HOUSE PROBERS HIT IKE TOP AID— Cite Sherman Adams Favors".Daily News.New York. p. 1.
  33. ^Blair, William M. (June 14, 1958). "Hagerty Refuses Reply on Reports of Gifts to Adams— Will Not Say if Presidential Assistant Accepted Coat and Rug From Goldfine".The New York Times.p. 1.
  34. ^Parrott, Lindesay (June 12, 1958). "U.N. Body Votes 10 to 0 to Set up Lebanon Watch".The New York Times.p. 1.
  35. ^"Dakar Now Capital of Senegal".The New York Times.June 13, 1958. p. 2.
  36. ^"The Vikings (1958)".AFI Catalog of Feature Films.American Film Institute.Retrieved15 June2024.
  37. ^"6 Greek Cypriotes Are Killed In Turkish Clash Near Nicosia".The New York Times.June 14, 1958. p. 3.
  38. ^"Kishi Re-Elected Premier of Japan".The New York Times.June 13, 1958. p. 6.
  39. ^"Tiddlywinks World Cup Rules Drawn Up, Association Formed".The Times.London. 13 June 1958. p. 13.
  40. ^"Flandin Dead in France at 69; Ex-Premier and Vichy Official— Petain's Foreign Minister in '40 Decried Hitler Threat on Rhineland Invasion",The New York Times,June 14, 1958, p.21
  41. ^"Red China Frees Two U.S. Priests— Release of Last of Clerics Leaves Four Americans Still Held in Prison".The New York Times.June 15, 1958. p. 1.
  42. ^Monitor (June 14, 1958). "Tonight's Television and Radio".Coventry Telegraph.Coventry,England.p. 1.
  43. ^"The Black and White Minstrel Show".imdb.com.
  44. ^"Eric Heiden".Olympedia.OlyMADMen.Retrieved7 May2023.
  45. ^"Nagy Is Executed with 3 Who Aided Hungary Revolt; Trial Was Secret", by Max Frankel,The New York Times,June 17, 1958, p.1
  46. ^"Budapest Gives Some Trial Data",The New York Times,June 21, 1958, p. 6
  47. ^Advertisement,Los Angeles Mirror,June 16, 1958, p. 6
  48. ^Brymer, Chuck (2008).The nature of marketing: marketing to the swarm as well as the herd.Palgrave Macmillan. p. 22.
  49. ^"Supreme Court, 5-4, Voids Passport Denials to Reds", by Anthony Lewis,The New York Times,June 17, 1958, p.1
  50. ^"Red Query Dropped For U.S. Passports",The New York Times,June 25, 1958, p. 1
  51. ^Oliver, Marie Elizabeth (March 22, 2013). "Humble beginnings of Chinua Achebe's 'Things Fall Apart'".The Washington Post.
  52. ^"15 Killed in the Collapse of New Vancouver Bridge".The New York Times.June 18, 1958. p. 1.
  53. ^"Russians Stone and Smear Danish Moscow Embassy".The New York Times.June 21, 1958. p. 1.
  54. ^"Alexandros III; Patriarch of East, 90, Succumbs at Damascus".The Boston Globe.June 18, 1958. p. 37.
  55. ^"Moscow Revises Price Paid Farms for Their Output", by Max Frankel,The New York Times,June 20, 1958, p. 1
  56. ^Britten, Benjamin (2008). Reed, Philip; Cooke, Mervyn; Mitchell, Donald (eds.).Letters from a Life: The Selected Letters of Benjamin Britten, Volume IV, 1952–1957.Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 555, 562.ISBN978-1-84383-382-6.
  57. ^"Westrope Dies After Mount Throws Him in Hollywood Park Race",The New York Times,June 20, 1958, p. 19
  58. ^"Herbert Bayard Swope, 76, Dies; Famed as Reporter and Editor",The New York Times,June 21, 1958, p. 1
  59. ^"U.S. Judge Lets Little Rock Halt Its Integration; Delay Till '61 Set",The New York Times,June 22, 1958, p. 1
  60. ^"Herbert Brenon, Film-Maker, Dies",The New York Times,June 22, 1958, p. 23
  61. ^Gutierrez, Evan C."Rocio Banquells".AllMusic.RetrievedAugust 24,2019.
  62. ^Weisbrot, Robert (1998).Xena, Warrior Princess: the official guide to the Xenaverse.New York: Doubleday. p. 141.ISBN9780385491365.
  63. ^"Fireworks Blasts Kill 110 in Brazil; 300 Are Injured",The New York Times,June 24, 1958, p. 6
  64. ^"Moscow Rioters in 2-Hour Attack on Bonn Embassy; Smash Windows, Daub Walls and Hurl Incendiary Rags in Retaliatory Action", by Max Frankel,The New York Times,June 24, 1958, p. 1
  65. ^"Invasion of Home Barred by Court— Narcotics Violator Is Freed Because Police Broke In Without Giving Notice",The New York Times,June 24, 1958, p. 18
  66. ^"'Friday' Actor Tommy 'Tiny' Lister Dead at 62 ".
  67. ^ab"Man-In-Space-Soonest".Encyclopedia Astronautica.Mark Wade. 30 March 2005. Archived fromthe originalon 11 February 2006.Retrieved16 June2024.
  68. ^"Oil Barge Explodes in East River after Colliding with Freighter; Many Injured; Bridge Is Set Afire".The New York Times.June 25, 1958. p. 1.
  69. ^"River Crash Toll Is 2 Lost, 35 Hurt".The New York Times.June 26, 1958. p. 1.
  70. ^"River Crash Laid to Tanker's Turn".The New York Times.June 28, 1958. p. 36.
  71. ^"Indonesia Takes Rebels' Capital— Jakarta Announces the Fall of Menado in Celebes After 5-Day Fight".The New York Times.June 27, 1958. p. 9.
  72. ^Kahin, Audrey R.; Kahin, George McT. (1995).Subversion as Foreign Policy The Secret Eisenhower and Dulles Debacle in Indonesia.University of Washington Press.p. 182.
  73. ^"Belgian Social Christian Cabinet Formed— Minority Ministry Ends 3-Week Crisis".The New York Times.June 26, 1958. p. 11.
  74. ^"10 Americans Are Seized In Raid by Rebels in Cuba; Two Canadians, Food, Drugs and Trucks Also Taken at Big Mining Project".The New York Times.June 28, 1958. p. 1.
  75. ^"24 U.S. Navy Men Missing in Cuba; Kidnapping Seen".The New York Times.June 29, 1958. p. 1.
  76. ^"5 North Americans Freed By Cuban Rebel Captors; 4 U. S. Mining Men and Canadian Flown to Guantanamo Base — Castro Is Said to Plan Release of All Men Held".The New York Times.July 3, 1958. p. 1.
  77. ^"Drumcliff".Sjöhistoriska Samfundet. 1999. Archived fromthe originalon 13 January 2013.Retrieved15 February2011.
  78. ^"Soviet Note on U.S. Plane".The New York Times.June 29, 1958. p. 10.
  79. ^Frankel, Max(June 29, 1958). "Soviet Planes Force Down U. S. Transport in Armenia; Russians Hold 9 Aboard — 'Gross Violation' of Airspace Charged".The New York Times.p. 1.
  80. ^Olsen, Arthur J. (July 11, 1958). "Airmen Tell of Beatings, Near-Lynching in Soviet; Five Who Parachuted Say Farmers Set Upon Them Before Soldiers Came — Official Treatment Called Good".The New York Times.p. 1.
  81. ^"Jet Tanker on Speed Test Crashes; 15 Reported Dead".The New York Times.June 27, 1958. p. 1.
  82. ^"6 Newsmen Dead in Tanker Crash".The New York Times.June 28, 1958. p. 3.
  83. ^imdb.com
  84. ^"White Sox' Left-Hander Yields Pinch Double With 2 Out in 9th FitzGerald's Hit Costs Pierce a Perfect Game — Chicago Beats Senators, 3-0".The New York Times.June 28, 1958. p. 11.
  85. ^"Alfred Noyes Dead; British Poet Was 77",The New York Times,June 29, 1958, p. 1
  86. ^"Brazil Gains World Soccer Cup, Routing Sweden Before 52,000 at Stockholm; Pele and Vava Get 2 Goals Each as Score Sets Mark— All Brazil Is Jubilant".The New York Times.June 30, 1958. p. 28.
  87. ^"Rosa Mota".Olympedia.OlyMADMen.Retrieved7 May2023.
  88. ^"Alaska to Join Union as the 49th State; Final Approval Is Voted by Senate, 64-20; Bill Sent to Eisenhower, Who Will Sign It", by C. P. Trussell,The New York Times,July 1, 1958, p. 1
  89. ^"Senate Roll-Call Vote On Alaska's Statehood",The New York Times,July 1, 1958, p. 16
  90. ^"Taiwan Premier Quits; Vice President in Post",The New York Times,July 1, 1958, p. 1
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