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Kórnik

Coordinates:52°14′12″N17°5′55″E/ 52.23667°N 17.09861°E/52.23667; 17.09861
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the Filipino corn nut snack, seeCornick (food).
Kórnik
Kórnik Castle
Kórnik Castle
Coat of arms of Kórnik
Coat of arms
Kórnik is located in Poland
Kórnik
Kórnik
Coordinates:52°14′12″N17°5′55″E/ 52.23667°N 17.09861°E/52.23667; 17.09861
CountryPoland
VoivodeshipGreater Poland
CountyPoznań
GminaKórnik
Area
• Total6.08 km2(2.35 sq mi)
Population
(2022)
• Total9,931
• Density1,600/km2(4,200/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1(CET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+2(CEST)
Postal code
62-035
Vehicle registrationPOZ, PZ
ClimateCfb
Primary airportPoznań–Ławica Airport
Highways
Voivodeship roads
Websitehttp://www.kornik.pl

Kórnik[ˈkurɲik]is a town with about 7,600 inhabitants (2018), located in westernPoland,about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-east of the city ofPoznań.It is one of the major tourist attractions of theWielkopolskaregion and theGreater Poland Voivodeshipbecause of the historical castle and arboretum, which is amongst the oldest and richest collections oftreesandshrubsin Poland, and one of Europe's largest arboretums.

History

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19th-century print of the castle byNapoleon Orda

Until 1961 Kórnik was separate fromBnin,situated just 1 km apart. Both towns were founded in theMiddle Ages(Bnin gainedtown rightsin 1395, and Kórnik in 1426), but Bnin lost its town rights in 1934, and in 1961 it became part of Kórnik. The enlarged town also includes the former settlement of Prowent, birthplace of theNobel Prize-winning poetWisława Szymborska.

Mieszko I of Polandfounded an early Polishstrongholdin present-day Bnin in the 10th century. Kórnik was first mentioned in documents in the 12th century, while the town of Bnin started to develop in the 13th century, and acastellanywas located in Bnin since 1232. After granting town rights, both Kórnik and Bnin wereprivate townsofPolish nobility,administratively located in the Pyzdry County in theKalisz Voivodeshipin theGreater Poland Province.[1]Kórnik was initially owned by the Górka family until 1592. TheŁodzia coat of armsof the Górka family is the coat of arms of Kórnik since. Afterwards the town was held by the Czarnkowski, Grudziński andDziałyńskifamilies.

On 11 November 1918, an infantry company, which later became part of the Polish 69th Infantry Regiment, was founded in Kórnik.[2]On 27 December, the company left Kórnik to aidPolish insurgentsinPoznań.[2]

Public execution of Polish civilians carried out by theEinsatzgruppe VIon 20 October 1939

After the joint German-Sovietinvasion of Poland,which startedWorld War IIin September 1939, the town wasoccupiedand annexed byNazi Germanyfrom 1939 to 1945 as part ofLandkreis Schrimm,Reichsgau Wartheland.It was renamedBurgstadtin attempt to erase traces of Polish origin. Already on 27 September 1939 the Germans confiscated androbbedthe rich museum and library of theKórnik Castle.[3]On 20 October 1939, the GermanEinsatzgruppe VIcarried out a public execution of 16Polesat the Market Square as part ofOperation Tannenberg.[4]Among the victims was pre-war mayor Teofil Wolniewicz.[4]Inhabitants of Kórnik were also among 15 Poles murdered on the same day in a public execution in nearbyMosina.[5]The purpose of the executions was to pacify and terrorize Poles.[6]Nevertheless, thePolish resistance movementwas still organized in the town.Polish underground presswas printed in Kórnik.[7]Local teachers were also among Polish teachers murdered in theMauthausen concentration camp.[8]

Sights

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Rhododendronsin theKórnik Arboretum

The town's notable sites include:

  • Kórnik Castle,built in the 14th century, but designed and rebuilt in the 18th century inneo-Gothicstyle by architectKarl Friedrich Schinkelfor theDziałyńskifamily.
  • Kórnik Arboretum,established in the early 19th century by Count Tytus Działyński, later enriched with new species and varieties by his heirs, his son Jan Kanty Działyński and grandson Władysław Zamoyski. It is the largest and oldest arboretum in Poland and fourth largest arboretum in Europe, with over 3300 taxa of trees and shrubs.
  • Town halls of both Kórnik and Bnin. That of Kornik was built in 1907 as aneo-Baroquecity hall; Bnin's is a piece of original 18th-century lateBaroque architecture.
  • Kórnik Library(Bibliotheca Cornicensis), one of the most famous Polish libraries, founded byTytus Działyńskiin 1828. Currently the library, despite being looted by the GermanNazisduringWorld War II,is one of the five largest libraries in Poland and contains roughly 400,000 volumes, including 30,000 books more than 150 years old, and 14,000 manuscripts. Since 1953 it has been a part of theNational Library of Poland.

Sports

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The localfootballclub isKotwica Kórnik[pl].It competes in the lower leagues.

International relations

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See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Twin towns — Sister cities

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Kórnik istwinnedwith:

Distinguished residents

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[edit]
  • Kórnik Castle and its moat
    Kórnik Castleand its moat
  • One of the Kórnik Castle outbuildings
    One of the Kórnik Castle outbuildings
  • A pond in the arboretum next to the castle
    A pond in the arboretum next to the castle
  • All Saints' Church
    All Saints' Church
  • Town hall
    Town hall
  • Birthplace of Wisława Szymborska
    Birthplace ofWisława Szymborska

References

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  1. ^Atlas historyczny Polski. Wielkopolska w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany(in Polish). Warszawa: Instytut HistoriiPolskiej Akademii Nauk.2017. p. 1b.
  2. ^abFilary, Jan (1928).Zarys historji wojennej 69-go Pułku Piechoty(in Polish). Warszawa. p. 5.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^Grochowina, Sylwia (2017).Cultural policy of the Nazi occupying forces in the Reich district Gdańsk–West Prussia, the Reich district Wartheland, and the Reich district of Katowice in the years 1939–1945.Toruń. p. 96.ISBN978-83-88693-73-1.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^abWardzyńska, Maria (2009).Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion(in Polish). Warszawa:IPN.p. 194.
  5. ^Wardzyńska, p. 193-194
  6. ^Grochowina, p. 87
  7. ^Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945(in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. 1998. p. 95.ISBN83-85003-97-5.
  8. ^Wardzyńska, p. 213-214
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toKórnik.
  • Kórniktravel guide from Wikivoyage
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