Kadu people
ကတူး | |
|---|---|
| Total population | |
| 180,000 (est.) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Myanmar | |
| Languages | |
| Kadu,Burmese | |
| Religion | |
| Theravada Buddhism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Chak,Kanan |
TheKadu people(Burmese:ကတူးလူမျိုး;also speltKado) are anethnic groupinMyanmar.They speak theKadu language.[1]They mostly reside in the country's northwestern hills, centred aroundKatha,and are ethnolinguistically related to theGananandSak peoples.[2][3]The Kadu traditionally cultivate rice on irrigated terraces.[4]
Names[edit]
InOld Burmese,the Kadu were referred to as theKantuorSak-Kantu.[3]TheirendonymisAsak,commonly shortened toSak.[2][5]Speakers of the Ganan and Mokhwang Kadu dialects do not self-identify as Sak or Asak.[6]In the 13th centuryHistory of Yuan,they are recorded as theJiandu( kiến đô ), while theTravels of Marco Polorecorded them as theCaindu.[3]
History[edit]
The Kadu likely descended from theQiongdu( cung đô ), a sub-group of 'southwestern barbarians' described in Sima Qian'sRecords of theGrand Historian.[3]They settled in present-day Myanmar during theTang dynasty,becoming a dominant group in theTagaung Kingdom.[3][2]Scholars likeGordon Luceposit that thePyu peoplewere converted to Buddhism by the Sak-Kadu peoples.[3]
With the rise of thePagan kingdom,by the 12th and 13th centuries, the Kadu inhabited the border areas between the present-day Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of China and Burma.[3]By the 13th century, they had largely assimilated into more dominant Tibeto-Burman speaking groups in both China and Burma.[3]By the mid-13th century, the Kadu had diverged from the Sak (or Thet people), who now reside in southwestern Myanmar'sRakhine State.[3]By the early 20th century, most Kadu had assimilated and adoptedBurmese customs,including Theravada Buddhism.[5][4]
Population[edit]
The Kadu population is estimated to be approximately 180,000.[7]The1901 censuscounted 16,300 Kadu speakers, while the 1911 census reported 11,069 Kadu speakers.[5]The 1931 census counted 36,400 persons of Kadu descent.[3]
The Kadu primarily live in the country's northwest inSagaing Region,scattered across 98 villages, including 38 villages inBanmauk Township,34 villages inIndaw Township,16 villages inPinlebu Township,5 villages inKatha Township,and 5 villages inMogaung Township.[7]
References[edit]
- ^"Kadu".
- ^abcBradley, David (2002). "The Subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman". In Beckwith, Christopher I. (ed.).Brill's Tibetan studies library. 2,6: PIATS 2000: Tibetan studies: Leiden 2000 / ed. by Christopher I. Beckwith.Proceedings of the... seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies. Leiden Köln: Brill. pp. 73–112.ISBN978-90-04-12424-0.
- ^abcdefghijPing, He (2006)."Rise and fall of Kantu: A historical study of an ancient Tibeto-Burmese speaking group".Frontiers of History in China.1(4): 535–543.doi:10.1007/s11462-006-0018-9.ISSN1673-3401.
- ^abSeekins, Donald M. (2017-03-27).Historical Dictionary of Burma (Myanmar).Rowman & Littlefield. p. 287.ISBN978-1-5381-0183-4.
- ^abcBrown, R. Grant (1920)."The Kadus of Burma".Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London.1(3): 1–28.ISSN1356-1898.
- ^Huziwara, Keisuke (2020)."On the genetic position of Chakpa within Luish languages".Himalayan Linguistics.19(2).doi:10.5070/H91150999.
- ^ab"Third Kadu ethnic cultural festival held in Bamauk Township".MDN - Myanmar DigitalNews.Retrieved2024-01-07.
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