Kakitsu
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Kakitsu(Gia cát)was aJapanese era name(Niên hào,nengō,"year name" )afterEikyōand beforeBun'an.This period spanned the years from February 1441 through February 1444.[1]The reigning emperor wasGo-Hanazono-tennō(Hậu hoa viên thiên hoàng).[2]
Change of era
[edit]- 1451Kakitsu gannen(Gia cát nguyên niên,):The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced inEikyō13.
Events of theKakitsuera
[edit]- July 12, 1441(Kakitsu 1, 24th day of the 6th month):ShōgunAshikaga Yoshinoriis murdered at age 48 byAkamatsu Mitsusukewho was upset that Akamatsu Sadaura was made leader of the Akamatsu clan. Shortly thereafter, Yoshinori's 8-year-old son,Ashikaga Yoshikatsu,was proclaimed as the newshōgun.[3]
- July 12–28, 1441:A number of prominent nobles were also killed defending Shōgun Yoshinori directly through the fighting includingKyōgoku Takakazu,theShugoofYamashiro Provinceand Ōuchi Mochiyo (1394–1441), the head of theŌuchi clan.
- 1441(Kakitsu 1, 9th month): The murderers of Yoshinori kill themselves.[4]
- 1443(Kakitsu 3): A Japanese-Korean diplomatic agreement (sometimes called the "Kakitsu treaty") regularized an initial plan for mitigating the damage caused by pirates (wakō). The bilateral agreement assigned the responsibility for monitoring ships from Japan en route to Korea. TheSō clanofTsushima han(Tsushima Island) were given the right to license ships sailing west beyond Tsushima; and this also encompassed the opportunity to profit from whatever fees the Sō might charge.[5]
- August 16, 1443(Kakitsu 3, 21st day of the 7th month):ShōgunYoshikatsu died at the age of 10. He liked riding horses very much; but he was gravely injured in a fall from a horse. This was the cause of his death. He had been shōgun for only three years. His 8-year-old brother,Ashikaga Yoshinari,was then namedshōgun.[6]
- October 16, 1443(Kakitsu 3, 23rd day of the 9th month): An armed group of rebels penetrated the palace defenses. A fire was started and one of the men sought to kill Go-Hanazono, but the emperor escaped. However, the intruders managed to steal theThree Sacred Treasures– the mirror, the sword and the jewel. Later, a guard found the mirror and a priest found the sword, but the location of jewel was not known until the 8th month ofBunnangannen.[7]
Notes
[edit]- ^Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Kaikitsu"inJapan encyclopedia,p. 456;n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum,seeDeutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority FileArchived2012-05-24 atarchive.today.
- ^Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).Annales des empereurs du Japon,pp. 331–343.
- ^Titsingh,p. 339;Nussbaum, "Kaikitsu-no-hen"inJapan encyclopedia,p. 456.
- ^Titsingh,p. 341.
- ^Hall, John Whitney. (1997).The Cambridge History of Japan: Early Modern Japan,p. 244.
- ^Titsingh,p. 342.
- ^Titsingh,pp. 344-345.
References
[edit]- Hall, John Whitney.(1997).The Cambridge History of Japan: Early Modern Japan.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.ISBN978-0-521-22355-3;OCLC174552485
- Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005).Japan Encyclopedia.Cambridge:Harvard University Press.ISBN978-0-674-01753-5;OCLC 48943301
- Titsingh, Isaac.(1834).Nihon Ōdai Ichiran;ou,Annales des empereurs du Japon.Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.OCLC 5850691
External links
[edit]- National Diet Library,"The Japanese Calendar"– historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection