Kampong

For other uses, seeKampong (disambiguation).

Akampong(kampunginMalayandIndonesian) is the term for avillageinBrunei,Indonesia,MalaysiaandSingaporeand a "dock" inCambodia.The term applies to traditional villages, especially of the indigenous people, and has also been used to refer to urban slum areas and enclosed developments and neighborhoods within towns and cities in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Cambodia,Sri Lanka,andChristmas Island.The design and architecture of traditionalkampongvillages have been targeted for reform by urbanists and modernists and have also been adapted by contemporary architects for various projects.

The English word "compound",when referring to a development in a town, is thought to be derived from the Malay wordkampung.

Etymology

The word "kampung" or "kampong" is derived from Bahasa Melayu (Malay Language). The word “kampung” is often glossed today as “village”.

Brunei

Main article:Villages of Brunei

In Brunei, the termkampong(alsokampung) primarily refers to the third- and lowest-levelsubdivisionsafterdistricts(Malay:daerah) andmukim(equivalent to subdistrict). Some kampong divisions are sufficiently villages by anthropological definition or in its traditional sense, while others may only serve for census and other administrative purposes. There are also some that have been incorporated as part of the capitalBandar Seri Begawanand a few towns.

A kampong is generally led by aketua kampungorvillage head.Infrastructure-wise, it typically has aprimary schooland abalai rayaordewan kemasyarakatan,the equivalent of acommunity centre.Because many kampongs have predominantly Muslim residents, each may also have a mosque for theJumu'ahor Friday prayers and a school providing the Islamic religious primary education compulsory for Muslim pupils in the country.

Bothkampongandkampungare used with equal tendency in written media and official place names. For example,Keriam,a village inTutong District,is known as 'Kampung Keriam' by the Survey Department but 'Kampong Keriam' by thePostal Services Department—both being government departments.

Cambodia

In Cambodia, "kampong – កំពង់" for everyday use is defined as a place on a river or lake shore where people can dock their private small boats. It also defines a dock facility for commercial or passenger ferries and boats, such as Neak Loeung's ferry-dock (កំពង់ចម្លងអ្នកលឿង) and Akreiy Ksatr's ferry-dock (កំពង់ចម្លងអរិយក្សត្រ).

The termkamponghas been widely used in Cambodia, assumingly for thousands of years, to name places such as provinces, districts, communes and villages—for instance, Kampong Som (ក្រុងកំពង់សោម; currently Sihanoukville), Kampong Cham (ខេត្តកំពង់ចាម), Kampong Thom (ខេត្តកំពង់ធំ), Kampong Chhnang (ខេត្តកំពង់ឆ្នាំង), and Kampong Speu (ខេត្តកំពង់ស្ពឺ) provinces; Kampong Trach (ស្រុកកំពង់ត្រាច), Kampong Trolach (ស្រុកកំពង់ត្រឡាច), and Kampong Siem (ស្រុកកំពង់សៀម) districts; Kampong Khleang (ឃុំកំពង់ឃ្លាំង) and Kampong Kdei (ឃុំកំពង់ក្តី) communes; and Kampong Prasat (ភូមិកំពង់ប្រាសាទ), Kampong Krabei (ភូមិកំពង់ក្របី), and Kampong Our(ភូមិកំពង់អ៊ួរ) villages.(Page 37, Chun Nat, Dictionnaire Cambodgien, Institut Bouddhique, Phnom Penh, 1967).

Based on the references above, the meaning ofkampongin Khmer can also arguably be defined as an area or place located near a river or lake that people named their place after they arrived or formed their community afterward.

Indonesia

Traditional housesand pond pavilion ofKampung Naga,a traditionalSundanesevillage inWest Java,Indonesia.

InIndonesia,kampunggenerally refers to "hamlet",which is the opposite of the so-called" city "known inIndonesianaskota.However, most Indonesian cities and towns initially consisted of a collection ofkampungsettlements.Kampungalso usually refers to a settlement or compound of a certainethniccommunity, which later became the name of places—such as theKampung Melayudistrict inEast Jakarta;Kampung Bugis(Buginesevillage);Kampung Cina(also known asPecinan), which refers to aTionghoavillage or could be equivalent toChinatownas well;Kampung Ambon(Ambonesevillage);Kampung Jawa(Javanesevillage); andKampung Arab(Arabsvillage).

In the island ofSumatraand its surrounding islands, theindigenous peopleshave distinctive architecture and building-type features, includinglonghousesand rice storage buildings in theirkampungs.Malays,Karo,Batak,Toba,Minangkabau,and others have communal housing and tiered structures.

The termkampungin Indonesia could refer to a business-based village as well—for example,Kampung Coklat(lit. "the Chocolate village" ) inBlitar,East Java,which mainly produced and sold chocolate products (bars, candies, powders, coffee, cocoa butter, etc.) from the localcacaofarmers;Kampung Seni(lit. "the Arts (and Performances) village" ) in various places across Indonesia that mainly focused to produce and sell the local arts from the local artists; andKampung Batik(lit. "theBatikvillage ") which mainly produced and sell thebatikas well as available for thebatik-making courses and training. In 2009, severalKampung Batikin collaboration with the other official entities (mainly Batik Museum) inPekalongan,Central Java,recognized byUNESCOregarding the "Education and training in Indonesian Batik intangible cultural heritage for elementary, junior, senior, vocational school and polytechnic students" asMasterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanityin Register of Good Safeguarding Practices List.Thekampungs in Indonesia have also attracted global tourists as well, such asKampung PanglipuraninBaliwhich was awarded as one of the world's cleanest villages in 2016.

Akampungin Indonesia is led either by aKetua Rukun Tetangga(abbreviated asKetua RT),Kepala Desa(abbreviated asKades),Kepala Dusun,orTetua Kampung.All terms are equivalent to "the leader of thekampung"with a slight difference. While for thekampungs, it is led by theKetua Rukun Warga(abbreviated asKetua RW),Camat,orKepala Kelurahan(could be simply known aslurah). All terms are equivalent to "the leader ofkampungs "with slight differences.

Malaysia

Riverside kampong on the road fromKuantantoDungunin 1964

In Malaysia, a kampung is defined as a locality with 10,000 or fewer people. Since historical times, every Malay village came under the leadership of apenghulu(village chief), who has the power to hear civil matters in his village (seeCourts of Malaysiafor more details).

A Malay village typically contains amosqueorsurau,paddy fieldsor orchards, and wooden Malay houses on stilts. It is common to see a cemetery near the mosque. There are barely any proper roads, with regular dirt roads being more common for village people to travel between kampongs.

The British initiated theKampong Baru( "New Village" ) program as a way to settle Malays into urban life. Malaysia's long-serving prime ministerMahathir Mohamadlauded urban lifestyles in his bookThe Malay Dilemmaand associated kampong village life with backward traditionalism. He also had thekampung setinggan(squatter settlements) cleared and new buildings constructed to house them.

Singapore

The native Malay kampung is found in Singapore, but few kampung villages remain, mostly on islands surrounding Singapore, such asPulau Ubin.In the past, there were many kampung villages in Singapore. However, they were replaced by development and urbanization plans. Development plans forKampong Glamhave been controversial. Singapore is also home toKampong Buangkok,featured in the filmThe Last Kampong.

See also

• Barangay
• Mukim
• Rural area
• Village