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Kangra district

Coordinates:32°13′0″N76°19′0″E/ 32.21667°N 76.31667°E/32.21667; 76.31667
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This article is about the district in India. For its namesake municipality, seeKangra, Himachal Pradesh.

Kangra district
Nagarkot, Trigarta
DistrictofHimachal Pradesh
Clockwise from top-left:BaijnathShiva temple,McLeod Ganjfrom Dalai Lama temple, Ranjit Singh Gate,Kangra Fort,Masrur Temples,View ofDhauladhar RangefromTriund
Location in Himachal Pradesh
Location in Himachal Pradesh
Coordinates:32°13′0″N76°19′0″E/ 32.21667°N 76.31667°E/32.21667; 76.31667
CountryIndia
StateHimachal Pradesh
Division,Part ofKangra
Tehsils
HeadquartersDharamshala
Government
•Lok Sabha Constituency,part of

•Member of Parliament, Lok SabhaKishan Kapoor[1]

•Deputy CommissionerNipun jindal, IAS[2]

•Superintendent of PoliceVimukt Ranjan, IPS[3]
Area
• Total5,739 km2(2,216 sq mi)
Highest elevation
(Hanuman Tibba[4])
5,930 m (19,460 ft)
Lowest elevation
500 m (1,600 ft)
Population
(2011)
• Total1,510,075
• Density263/km2(680/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+5:30(IST)
Vehicle registrationHP- 68(RTO),
01/ 02D(Taxi)
Largest cityDharamshala
Gender ratio1012 females/1000 males
Literacy rate85.67%
Vidhan Sabha Constituencies15
ClimateETh(Köppen)
Avg. summer temperature32 °C (90 °F)
Avg. winter temperature20 °C (68 °F)
Websitehpkangra.nic.in

Kangra districtis the most populous[5]districtof the Indian state ofHimachal Pradesh.Dharamshalais the administrative headquarters of the district.

History

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See also:History of the PunjabandKangra Fort

Kangra is known for having one of the oldest serving Royal Dynasty in the world, theKatochof theKangra State.[6]In 1758, Raja Ghamand Chand was appointednazimor governor of Jullundur Doab under the Afghans. Ghamand Chand was a brave and strong ruler who restored the prestige of Kangra. As he was unable to captureKangra Fort,he built another fort at Tira Sujanpur on the left bank of theBeas,almost opposite to Alampur on a hill overlooking the town. He died in 1774 and was succeeded by his son, Tegh Chand, who died too soon in 1775.[7]Ghamand Chand's grandson, RajaSansar Chand(r. 1775–1823) established the supremacy of Kangra over all the surrounding hill states. During his reign, Kangra became a major centre for the arts and several palaces were built.[8]

In 1805, the neighbouring hill states rebelled, with the aid of theGurkhaarmy. Raja Sansar Chand was forced to seek the help of MaharajaRanjit Singhof theSikh Empire.The Gurkha army was expelled but Ranjit Singh also annexed the most fertile part of the Kangra valley, reducing the Katochs of Kangra as well as the neighbouring rajas to the status of vassals.[8]Kangra was annexed by Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Sikh Empire in 1810.

Kangra became a district ofBritish Indiain 1846, when it was ceded to British India at the conclusion of theFirst Anglo-Sikh War.The British district included the present-day districts of Kangra,Hamirpur,Kullu,andLahul and Spiti.Kangra District was part of the British province ofPunjab.The administrative headquarters of the district were initially at Kangra, but were moved toDharamshalain 1855.[9][10]

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901478,364—
1911469,046−0.20%
1921469,251+0.00%
1931494,658+0.53%
1941563,163+1.31%
1951570,643+0.13%
1961657,232+1.42%
1971800,863+2.00%
1981990,758+2.15%
19911,174,072+1.71%
20011,339,030+1.32%
20111,510,075+1.21%
source:[11]

According to the2011 censusKangra district had population of 1,510,075. The district has a population density of 263 inhabitants per square kilometre (680/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.77%. 5.71% of the population lives in urban areas. Kangra district has a sex ratio of 1012 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 85.67%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 21.15% and 5.60% of the population respectively.[12]: 18 

District highlights of 2011 Census[12]

  • Kangra district has the highest number of 3,869 villages among the 12 district of the state.
  • Kangra district stands 1st position in terms of its working force having total workers of 675,170 persons against 3,559,422 working persons of the state.
  • Kangra district occupies 1st rank among the districts of the state in terms of literate population. It has a literate population of 1,152,640 persons.
  • The economy of Kangra district is mainly depends on agriculture. It has returned 303,007 persons as cultivators and holds the 2nd position among the districts of the state
  • All the inhabited villages of the district enjoy the facility of electricity and potable drinking water.
  • Kangra district is also known for its attractive tourist destinations.Dharamsala,Kangra,Palampur,Baijnath,JawalamukhiandMasroorare the famous places of tourist interest in the district. McLeodganj in Dharamsala is a seat of the Dalai Lama has become a place of international fame since 1966.
  • Central University of Himachal Pradesh at Dharamsala in Kangra district was established on 20 March 2009 under the Central University Act 2009(No.25 of 2009) of Indian Parliament.

The native people are theKangri peopleand the native language isKangri,which is very similar toDogri.The majority of the people areHindu,although manyTibetansand others who followBuddhismhave also settled here recently. There are also other minorities such as Sikhs, Muslims, and Christians.

Jhamakda is a folk dance of Kangra. It is exclusively performed by women. It features percussion instruments and songs.[13]

Religion

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Religions in Kangra district (2011)[14]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 96.76%
Islam
 
 1.31%
Buddhism
 
 0.96%
Sikhism
 
 0.59%
Other or not stated
 
 0.42%
Distribution of religions
Religion in Kangra District
Religious
group 		2011[14]
Pop. %
Hinduism 1,461,140 96.76%
Islam 19,797 1.31%
Buddhism 14,511 0.96%
Sikhism 8,929 0.59%
Christianity 3,023 0.2%
Jainism 194 0.01%
Others 2,481 0.16%
Total Population 1,510,075 100%
Religious groups in Kangra District (British Punjab provinceera)
Religious
group 		1901[15] 1911[16][17] 1921[18] 1931[19] 1941[20]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Hinduism[a] 722,554 94.07% 725,156 94.13% 722,277 94.28% 752,098 93.86% 846,531 94.12%
Islam 39,672 5.16% 38,859 5.04% 38,263 4.99% 40,483 5.05% 43,249 4.81%
Buddhism 4,176 0.54% 3,992 0.52% 3,019 0.39% 5,663 0.71% 8 0%
Sikhism 1,220 0.16% 1,910 0.25% 2,083 0.27% 2,396 0.3% 4,809 0.53%
Christianity 385 0.05% 386 0.05% 363 0.05% 576 0.07% 788 0.09%
Jainism 113 0.01% 81 0.01% 56 0.01% 94 0.01% 101 0.01%
Zoroastrianism 4 0% 2 0% 4 0% 2 0% 3,890 0.43%
Judaism 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Others 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 1 0%
Total population 768,124 100% 770,386 100% 766,065 100% 801,312 100% 899,377 100%
Note:British Punjab provinceera district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historicPunjab Province regionduring the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in theTehsilsof Kangra District (1941)[20]
Tehsil Hinduism[a] Islam Sikhism Christianity Jainism Others[b] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Kangra Tehsil 129,089 92.98% 8,574 6.18% 833 0.6% 214 0.15% 0 0% 130 0.09% 138,840 100%
Dehra Tehsil 141,009 95.64% 5,370 3.64% 1,035 0.7% 28 0.02% 0 0% 2 0% 147,444 100%
Nurpur Tehsil 83,565 80.12% 18,659 17.89% 2,067 1.98% 12 0.01% 0 0% 1 0% 104,304 100%
Harimpur Tehsil 194,801 96.76% 6,067 3.01% 362 0.18% 1 0% 97 0.05% 3 0% 201,331 100%
Palampur Tehsil 166,397 97.73% 3,207 1.88% 398 0.23% 231 0.14% 0 0% 23 0.01% 170,256 100%
Kulu Tehsil 131,670 95.97% 1,372 1% 114 0.08% 104 0.08% 4 0% 3,938 2.87% 137,202 100%
Note1:British Punjab provinceera tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historicPunjab Province regionduring the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Note2:Tehsilreligious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labelled as "Indian Christians" oncensus.Does not includeAnglo-Indian ChristiansorBritish Christians,who were classified under "Other" category.

Language

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Languages of Kangra district (2011)[21]

Kangri(70.88%)
Pahadi(14.92%)
Hindi(5.55%)
Gaddi(2.64%)
Punjabi(2.06%)
Others (3.95%)

At the 2011 Census, 70.88% of the population in the district spokeKangri,14.92%Pahari,5.55%Hindi,2.64%Gaddiand 2.06%Punjabias their first language.[21]

Politics

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Main article:14th Himachal Pradesh Assembly
Constituency Party MLA Remark
No. Name
6 Nurpur BJP Ranveer Singh
7 Indora(SC) INC Malender Rajan
8 Fatehpur INC Bhawani Singh Pathania
9 Jawali INC Chander Kumar Cabinet Minister
10 Dehra IND Hoshyar Singh
11 Jaswan-Pragpur BJP Bikram Thakur
12 Jawalamukhi INC Sanjay Rattan
13 Jaisinghpur(SC) INC Yadvinder Goma
14 Sullah BJP Vipin Singh Parmar
15 Nagrota INC Raghubir Singh Bali
16 Kangra BJP Pawan Kumar Kajal
17 Shahpur INC Kewal Singh Pathania
18 Dharamshala BJP Sudhir Sharma
19 Palampur INC Ashish Butail
20 Baijnath(SC) INC Kishori Lal

Wildlife Sanctuaries

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Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary

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Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary is located at an altitude of 1600 m going up to 4400 m, Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1994 by the Wildlife Department of Himachal Pradesh Government. It is situated in Kangra district. The wildlife sanctuary is covered by snow-clad mountains from three sides. The flora of Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary includes deodar, rhododendron, oak, spruce, pine, and mixed conifers. This wildlife sanctuary is home to animals such as red fox, black bear, leopard sambar, Asiatic lion, angora rabbit, and deer. It covers an area of 982.86 sq.km.[22]

Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary

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Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuarycovers an areas of 207.95 sq. km. in Kangra district. It is spread through the submerged area between Pong Dam Terrace (Talwara) to the bridge on Beas River at Dehra. It was created in1975, by building the highestearthfill damin India on theBeas Riverin the wetland zone of theSiwalik Hills.[citation needed]

Education

[edit]

Schools

[edit]

Notable people

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See also

[edit]

Notes and references

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  1. ^"Members: Lok Sabha".
  2. ^"Deputy Commissioner Kangra, Himachal Pradesh | District Kangra, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India".
  3. ^"Who's Who | District Kangra, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India".
  4. ^"Hanuman Tibba Climbing Expedition (19450 Ft.)".
  5. ^"District Census 2011".Census2011.co.in. 2011.Retrieved30 September2011.
  6. ^"Gazetteer of the Kangra district (1883-1884)"(PDF).p. 48.
  7. ^"Kangra from the Pages of History"(PDF).himachalpradeshtravel.com.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 1 July 2018.Retrieved11 January2022.
  8. ^abParry, Jonathan P. (2013).Caste and Kinship in Kangra.Routledge. p. 11.ISBN978-1-136-54585-6.
  9. ^Kangra DistrictThe Imperial Gazetteer of India,v. 14, p. 380.
  10. ^DharamshalaThe Imperial Gazetteer of India,v. 11, p. 301.
  11. ^Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  12. ^ab"District Census Handbook: Kangra"(PDF).censusindia.gov.in.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.2011.
  13. ^"himachalpradeshtravel.com"(PDF).Kangra’s from the Pages of History.Retrieved18 May2022.
  14. ^ab"Table C-01 Population by Religion: Himachal Pradesh".censusindia.gov.in.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.2011.
  15. ^"Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province".1901. p. 34.JSTORsaoa.crl.25363739.Retrieved23 March2024.
  16. ^"Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables".1911. p. 27.JSTORsaoa.crl.25393788.Retrieved23 March2024.
  17. ^Kaul, Harikishan (1911)."Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II".p. 27.Retrieved23 March2024.
  18. ^"Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables".1921. p. 29.JSTORsaoa.crl.25430165.Retrieved23 March2024.
  19. ^"Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables".1931. p. 277.JSTORsaoa.crl.25793242.Retrieved23 March2024.
  20. ^abIndia Census Commissioner (1941)."Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab".p. 42.JSTORsaoa.crl.28215541.Retrieved23 March2024.
  21. ^ab"Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Himachal Pradesh".www.censusindia.gov.in.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  22. ^"Dhauladhar as Wildlife Sanctuary"(PDF).Government of himachal Pradesh - Department of Forests.Retrieved18 September2023.
  23. ^"National Institute of Fashion Technology - [NIFT], Kangra".collegedunia.com.Retrieved25 February2022.
  1. ^ab1931-1941: IncludingAd-Dharmis
  2. ^IncludingAnglo-Indian Christians,British Christians,Buddhism,Zoroastrianism,Judaism,Tribals,others, or not stated

Further reading

[edit]
  • Hutchinson, J. & J. PH Vogel (1933).History of the Panjab Hill States,Vol. I. 1st edition: Govt. Printing, Punjab, Lahore, 1933. Reprint 2000. Department of Language and Culture, Himachal Pradesh. Chapter V Kangra State, pp. 99–198.
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