Jump to content

Carl Gustaf Wrangel

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromKarl Gustaf Wrangel)

Fältmarskalk
Count

Carl Gustaf Wrangel
Carl Gustaf Wrangel in 1662 byMatthäus Merian the Younger.
Born23 December 1613
Uppsala,Sweden
Died5 July 1676 (aged 62)
SpykeronRügen,Swedish Pomerania
Buried
Skokloster,Sweden
AllegianceSweden
RankField Marshal,Lord High Admiral,Lord High Constable
Commands heldCommander-in-chief of the Swedish army in Germany
Battles/warsThirty Years WarTorstenson WarWar for Bremen
Second Northern War
Scanian War
Other workCountofSalmis,laterSölvesborg
Freiherrof Lindeberg and Ludenhof
Governor-GeneralofSwedish Pomerania
Chancellor of theUniversity of Greifswald
Supreme Judge in theUppland
Signature
Engraving of Carl Gustaf Wrangel

FältmarskalkCarl Gustaf Wrangel(alsoCarl Gustav von Wrangel;23 December 1613 – 5 July 1676)[1]was a Swedish statesman andmilitary commanderwho commanded the Swedish forces in theThirty Years' War,as well as theTorstenson,Bremen,Second NorthernandScanianWars.

ABaltic German,he held the ranks of aField Marshal,Commander-in-Chief of the Swedish forces in Germany (1646–1648), andLord High Admiral of Sweden(from 1657). Wrangel wasGovernor-GeneralofSwedish Pomerania(1648–1652 and 1656–1676) and, from 1664,Lord High Constable of Swedenand a member of thePrivy Council.He held the title of aCountofSalmisuntil 1665, when he became Count ofSölvesborg.By 1673, Wrangel's title was "Count of Sölvesborg,FreiherrofLindebergandLudenhof,Lord ofSkokloster,Bremervörde,Wrangelsburg,Spyker,Rappin,Ekebyhov,GripenbergandRostorp".[2][nb 1]

From 1658, Wrangel was Supreme judge inUppland,and in 1660, he became Chancellor of theUniversity of Greifswald.He held several estates, primarily in theDominions of Sweden,where he constructed representative mansions:Wrangelsburg,inPomerania,still bears his name.

Wrangel is part of theWrangel familyand was a close friend of KingCharles X Gustav of Sweden.

Family

[edit]

He was born nearUppsalato Baroness Margareta Grip av Vinäs andHerman Wrangelon 23 December 1613. By paternal descent, he was a member of theWrangel familyofBaltic Germanorigin, branches of which settled in Sweden,RussiaandGermany.

Wrangel marriedAnna Margareta von Haugwitz(died 20 March 1673),[3]who bore him eleven children, six of whom died very young.[4]These five children reached adulthood:

  • Carl Philipp Wrangel (died 13 April 1668 inLondon)[4]
  • Margareta Juliana Wrangel (born 4 November 1642 during thesiege of Leipzig,married to NilsBrahethe Younger, nephew ofPer Brahe the Younger,on 21 December 1660)[4]
  • Polidora Christiana Wrangel (born 6 November 1655 in Spyker, married to Leonard Johan Wirtenberg von Debern, son ofArvid Wittenberg,in the summer of 1673)[4]
  • Eleonora Sophia Wrangel (born 31 August 1651 inWolgast,[4]married to Ernst Ludwig Freiherr vonPutbuson 7 April 1678)[5]
  • Augusta Aurora Wrangel (born 15 January 1658 in just conqueredFrederiksodde,[4]died unmarried and without issue on 27 January 1699)[6]

Under Queen Christina

[edit]

At the age of 20, he distinguished himself as a cavalry captain in theThirty Years' War.Three years later, he became colonel, and in 1638, he became major-general, still serving in Germany. In 1644, during theTorstenson War,he commanded a fleet at sea that defeated theDanesatFehmarnon 23 October.[7]

In 1646, he returned to Germany as aField Marshaland succeededLennart Torstensonas Commander-in-chief of theSwedish armyin Germany.[8]Under Wrangel andTurenne,the allied Swedish andFrenchArmies marched and fought inBavariaandWürttemberg.[7]After the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648, he was madeGovernor-GeneralofSwedish Pomerania.[9]QueenChristina of Swedencreated him count ofSalmisinKexholms län(Salmi and Suistamopogosta,Käkisalmi province) in northernKarelia,Finland,and he later augmented his lands withBarony of Lindeberg,inHalland.

Under King Charles X Gustav

[edit]

Before Christina's abdication, Wrangel was already a close friend and trusted advisor of her successor, KingCharles X Gustav of Sweden.[9]Wrangel and Charles X Gustav had first met two weeks before theBattle of Leipzig (1642),and when Wrangel's oldest daughter was born during the siege, Charles X Gustav became her godparent.[8]Charles X Gustav created Wrangelfreiherrof Ludenhof andLord High Admiral,a special favour since Charles X Gustav left most of Sweden's highest offices vacant.[9]

Wrangel's wife, Anna Margareta von Haugwitz. Skokloster Castle.
Wrangel on horseback, 1652. Klöcker Ehrenstrahl.Skokloster Castle.

When theSecond Northern Warbroke out in 1655, Wrangel commanded a fleet, but in 1656, he was serving on land again and commanding, along with "Great Elector"Frederick William I of Brandenburgin the three-dayBattle of Warsaw (1656).In 1657, he invadedJutland,and in 1658, he passed over the ice into the islands and tookKronborg.[7]

When Charles X Gustav died at the end of the war, Wrangel participated in organising the obsequies and composed the melody to alament.[10]Also in 1660, Wrangel became chancellor of theUniversity of Greifswald;he had been made supreme judge inUpplandProvince two years earlier.[2]

Under King Charles XI

[edit]

In 1664, he was appointedLord High Constableof theRealm,and as such, he was a member of thePrivy Councilduring the minority of KingCharles XI of Sweden.During theWars for Bremen,he tried to win the city ofBremenfor the Swedish crown but was not successful. On 15 November 1666, he was forced to make peace and concluded theTreaty of Habenhausen.During theScanian War,Wrangel commanded ineffectively because of his broken health and was recalled after his stepbrother, BaronWaldemar von Wrangel(1641–1675), had been defeated atFehrbellinduring theSwedish invasion of Brandenburg.[7]

Illness and death

[edit]

The hardships and injuries that Wrangel suffered during his multiple campaigns, combined with unhealthy eating habits, led to Wrangel suffering from several acute and chronic illnesses for most of his life,[2]most notablygoutandgallstone.[3]He was treated at several health resorts, includingSpain August 1651,Langenschwalbachin July 1662 andPyrmontin the summer of 1668 but without ever completely recovering.[2]In 1674, he broke down "like dead" from two strikes ofhypervolemia,and his chronic diseases made it nearly impossible for him to fulfill the tasks of commanding the Swedish forces in the Scanian War.[3]

Shortly afterwards, on 25 June(OS)or 5 July(NS)1676, Wrangel died in hisSpyker CastleonRügen,Swedish Pomerania(also spelled Spycker, now part ofGloweMunicipality). His body was transferred toStralsundand remained there throughout thesiege of 1678.After the battle, Stralsund fell into Danish and Brandenburgian hands, but the Danish king and the Brandenburgian elector, upon requests of Wrangel's heirs, permitted the body to be transferred toStockholm,which happened in July 1680.[5]On 1 December 1680, he was buried in theWrangel family's crypt inSkokloster.[11]

Landowner and builder

[edit]

InSwedish Pomerania,Wrangel advanced to become the greatest landowner[12]and held the domains ofSpyker(Rügen) withBaldereck,[13]Cape Arkona,[5]Klein Jasmund (now part of Dubnitz,Sassnitz),Koosdorf,Polkvitz,Ruschvitz,[13]Streu[5]andWostevitz,[13]the former property of theRoskilde bishop,centred onRalswiek(Rügen),[14]WrangelsburgwithKrebsow,SpandowerhagenandZarnitz,Groß Ernsthof,[13]PritzierwithBuddenhagen,Giesekenhagen,Hohendorf,Hohensee,Katzow,Netzeband[15]andZarnow,NonnendorfwithLatzow,LubminandVierow,[16]Mölschow(Usedom) withBannemin,Mahlzow,Sauzin,ZecherinandZiemitz,[14]Brüssow[16]andKrummin(Usedom),[17]and also the islandsGreifswalder OieandRuden.[13]Wrangel'sAmtSaatzig,inFarther Pomerania,was exchanged for the already-mentioned Klein Jasmund, Polkvitz, Rushvitz and Wostevitz in 1653, whenFarther Pomerania fell to Brandenburg.[15]

InSwedish Livonia,Wrangel held the domains ofÖdenpäh,[16]RappinandWrangelshof,[14]with Ödenpäh and Wrangelshof being exchanged for Pomeranian domains in 1653.[16]Also in Livonia, he heldLuua(then Ludenhof or Luhde castle inWalk (Valga) county).[18]InScaniahe heldLillö.Near Stockholm, he heldEkebyhov,[14]and inKarelia,he heldSalmiscounty, which he exchanged forSölvesborgCounty inBlekingein 1665.[19]InFinland,he held property inBjärnåas well as inSkoklosterinUppland,andRostorpandSäbyinSmåland.InHalland,Wrangel held the county ofLindeberg.[20]InBremen-Verden,he held AmtBremervörde.[21]

Wrangel builtGripenbergPalace in Säby,[21]and palaces in Bremervörde,Skokloster,Spyker,Stralsund,Wrangelsburg.[22]Wrangelsburg bears his name since it was renamed by him from "Vorwerk" on 19 September 1653.[16]His favourite and grandest castle wasSkokloster Castle,in Uppland, in which he created substantial collections of art and expensive weapons and exotic items.

  • Wrangelsburg Palace
    Wrangelsburg Palace
  • Spyker Castle
    Spyker Castle
  • Gripenberg Castle
    Gripenberg Castle
  • Skokloster Castle
    Skokloster Castle

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^In 1666, he was still addressed Count of Salmis in the Treaty of Habenhausen: "Carl Gustav Wrangel / dero Königl. Maytt. und Reiche Schweden Rath / ReichsMarsch / wie auch General-Stadthalter in Pommern / und OberLandtRichter in Uplandt / Graff zu Salmis / FreyHerr zu Lindenberg und Lüdenhoff / Her: zu SchogKloster / BremerVöhrde / Wrangelsburg / Spieker / Eckebyhoff und Greiffenberg"."FriedensSchluss, Welcher Zwischen Dero Königl. Maytt. zu Schweden u. PLENIPOTENTIARIO, Und ReichsFeldtHerrn, (tit.) Herrn Carl Gustav Wrangels Hoch-Gräflicher Excellentz, Eines, und Herrn Burgermeisteren, Rath, und gemeiner Burgerschafft der Stadt BREMEN, Anderen Theils, gemachet ist im HauptQuartier zu Habenhausen, für Bremen, den 15. Novembris, Anno 1666"(in Estonian and German). Tartu: Ajalooarhiiv. The Estonian Historical Archives. p. 2. Archived fromthe originalon 20 July 2011.Retrieved15 December2009.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Chisholm (1911),p. 838.
  2. ^abcdAsmus (2003), p.195
  3. ^abcAsmus (2003), p.196
  4. ^abcdefAsmus (2003), p.197
  5. ^abcdAsmus (2003), p.201
  6. ^Asmus (2003), p.221
  7. ^abcdChisholm (1911),p. 839.
  8. ^abAsmus&Tenhaef (2006), p.69
  9. ^abcAsmus&Tenhaef (2006), p.70
  10. ^Asmus&Tenhaef (2006), pp.83–84
  11. ^Asmus (2003), p.202
  12. ^Wartenberg (2008), p.213
  13. ^abcdeAsmus (2003), p.217
  14. ^abcdAsmus (2003), p.209
  15. ^abAsmus (2003), p.203
  16. ^abcdeAsmus (2003), p.204
  17. ^Asmus (2003), p.210
  18. ^Asmus (2003), pp.206–209
  19. ^Asmus (2003), p.205
  20. ^Asmus (2003), p.206
  21. ^abAsmus (2003), p.200
  22. ^Asmus (2003), p.198

Sources

[edit]
  • Asmus, Ivo (2003). "Das Testament des Grafen. Die pommerschen Besitzungen Carl Gustav Wrangels nach Tod, förmyndarräfst und Reduktion". In Asmus, Ivo; Droste, Heiko; Olesen, Jens E. (eds.).Gemeinsame Bekannte: Schweden und Deutschland in der Frühen Neuzeit(in German). Berlin-Hamburg-Münster: LIT Verlag.ISBN3-8258-7150-9.
  • Asmus, Ivo; Tenhaef, Peter (2006). "Die Trauerfeier an der Universität Greifswald am 11. Mai 1660 für Karl X. Gustav von Schweden. Historische und rhetorische Aspekte". In Walter Baumgartner (ed.).Ostsee-Barock. Texte und Kultur.Nordische Geschichte (in German). Vol. 4. Berlin: LIT Verlag. pp. 59–84.ISBN3-8258-9987-X.
  • Wartenberg, Heiko (2008).Archivführer zur Geschichte Pommerns bis 1945.Schriften des Bundesinstituts für Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen im Östlichen Europa. Vol. 33. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.ISBN978-3-486-58540-7.
  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911). "Wrangel, Karl Gustav von".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 838–839.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Gustaf_Wrangel&oldid=1234114471"