Karnal
 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(December 2014) |
Karnal | |
|---|---|
 Clockwise from top right;
K3C Mall, Agro Mall, Sector 12 road, Shrimad Bhagwad Gita Dwar, Super Mall, Cantonment Church Tower. | |
  Karnal Location inHaryana,India  Karnal Karnal (India) | |
| Coordinates:29°41′10″N76°59′20″E/ 29.686°N 76.989°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Haryana |
| District | Karnal |
| Region | North India |
| Founded by | RajaKarna |
| Named for | Karna |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Karnal Municipal Corporation[2] |
| •Mayor | Renu Bala Gupta |
| •Municipal Commissioner | Abhishek Meena,IAS[3] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 87 km2(34 sq mi) |
| Population (2016) | |
| • Total | 357,334[1] |
| Languages[4][5] | |
| • Official | Hindi |
| • Regional | Haryanvi[6] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30(IST) |
| PIN | 132001 |
| Area code | 0184 |
| Vehicle registration | HR-05 |
| literacy rate | 84.60%[7] |
| Sex ratio | 996/1000Female/Male |
| Website | karnal |
Karnal() is a city located in the state ofHaryana,India and is the administrative headquarters ofKarnal District.City is well connected as it lies on National Highway 01, in the south of the city lies the city of Panipat, Sonepat and in the north lies Kurukshetra and Yamunanagar city while in the east lies the river Yamuna, on the other end of which lies Saharanpur and Shamli district of Uttar Pradesh on the eastern Bank. Karnal was used by theEast India Companyarmy as a refuge during theIndian Rebellion of 1857inDelhi.TheBattle of KarnalbetweenNader Shahof Persia and theMughal Empiretook place in this city in 1739.[8]
Etymology
[edit]The city associates itself with the characterKarnafrom the Indian epicMahabharata.[9]
History
[edit] | This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(October 2021) |
Ancient
[edit]At the end of 6th century A.D., the area was under the rule of theVardhanasofThanesar.[10]The 7th century was a period of religious eclecticism, as Buddhism was declining and Hinduism was resurging in the Indo-Gangetic plains. The region was underKanaujirule under thePalaEmperors of Bengal from 770 to 810 AD. The authority ofMihira Bhoja,thePratihararuler of Kanauj from 836 to 885 AD, penetrated as far as Pehowa, including Karnal.[11]
Medieval
[edit]TheTomaras,established themselves as rulers of this region in the middle of the 9th century.[11]About the beginning of the 10th century, as the Pratihara power began to decline, the Tomaras assumed independence. One of the Tomara rulers,Anangpal Tomar,found the city of Delhi and made it his capital, with the area of Karnal and modern-day Haryana being under his realm. The Tomaras came into conflict with theChauhans of Ajmer,but continued to rule the Haryana country until the middle of 12th century when they were overthrown by the Chaha manaVighnaraja IV.[12]The country between the Satluj and the Yamuna including Karnal experienced relative peace for a century and a half except the plundering invasions and eventual conquests ofMahmud of Ghazi.The region then came underGhuridrule after theSecond Battle of TarainwhenMuhammad Ghoricaptured the area. It remained under theDelhi Sultanateuntil 1526.[citation needed]
In 1526 at theFirst Battle of Panipat,Mughal emperorBaburdefeated the Sultan ofDelhi,Ibrahim Lodi,and captured parts of North India, along with Delhi and Panipat. He then established theMughal Empirein North India.[citation needed]
Karnal is listed in the MughalAin-i-Akbarias aparganaunder Delhisarkar,producing a revenue of 5,678,242damsfor the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 800 infantry and 50 cavalry.[13]
In A.D. 1739,Nader Shah of Persiainvaded the Mughal empireand Karnal was the scene of the famedBattle of Karnal,in which Nader Shah decisively defeated the Mughal Emperor,Muhammad Shah.[14]Muhammad Shah along with an enormous army occupied a strongly fortified camp at Karnal, but he yielded to the invader as his supplies were cut off from the open country by Shah and was starved into submission.[14]The tactical defeat drastically weakened theMughal Empire,while thePersian Empireprospered and subsequently hastened the establishment of theBritish Empirein India. The region then came underAfghanrule. On 24 Feb1739, the Iranian ruler Nadir Shah attacked India. Rao Bal Kishan, with his army and with the forces of Delhi, fought Nadir Shah. His army included 5000 infantry and 2000 cavalry. In February 1739, Nader Shah captured Sirhind and moved towards the field of Karnal, a battle destined to be fateful to the Mughal rulers. Every year on 24 Feb, Rao Bal Kishan Shaurya Diwas celebrated in Rewari.[15][16]
Sikhsappeared on the scene in the 18th century. The importance of Karnal grew in the time of Raja Gajpat Singh ofJind Statewho after its capture in A.D. 1763 built the boundary wall and a fort and under whose rule the town increased considerably in size.[17]On 14 January 1764, Sikh Chiefs defeated and killedZain Khan Sirhindi,the Durrani Governor, and took possession of the whole of Sirhind province as far south as Panipat including Karnal.[citation needed]
Modern
[edit]During theIndian independence movement,a district political conference was organized at Karnal withLala Lajpat Raias its chairman.
Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Karnal (1981–2010, extremes 1949–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.2 (88.2) |
33.2 (91.8) |
37.5 (99.5) |
45.2 (113.4) |
46.0 (114.8) |
45.6 (114.1) |
43.9 (111.0) |
42.0 (107.6) |
38.3 (100.9) |
39.3 (102.7) |
34.4 (93.9) |
28.5 (83.3) |
46.0 (114.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.1 (66.4) |
22.4 (72.3) |
27.7 (81.9) |
35.3 (95.5) |
38.3 (100.9) |
37.9 (100.2) |
33.9 (93.0) |
32.8 (91.0) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.7 (89.1) |
27.4 (81.3) |
21.8 (71.2) |
30.1 (86.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) |
9.4 (48.9) |
13.5 (56.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
23.3 (73.9) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.6 (78.1) |
25.1 (77.2) |
23.2 (73.8) |
17.4 (63.3) |
12.0 (53.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
17.4 (63.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
0.6 (33.1) |
3.5 (38.3) |
9.0 (48.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
18.0 (64.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
18.4 (65.1) |
16.0 (60.8) |
9.4 (48.9) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 26.7 (1.05) |
24.8 (0.98) |
17.8 (0.70) |
8.4 (0.33) |
24.2 (0.95) |
65.7 (2.59) |
171.8 (6.76) |
157.5 (6.20) |
115.9 (4.56) |
3.5 (0.14) |
1.9 (0.07) |
9.0 (0.35) |
627.1 (24.69) |
| Average rainy days | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 3.9 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 4.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 33.2 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%)(at 17:30IST) | 64 | 58 | 51 | 31 | 33 | 44 | 67 | 73 | 68 | 54 | 53 | 60 | 55 |
| Source:India Meteorological Department[18][19] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]The population of the city as of 2011, is 328,500[20]
| Religion | Population (1911)[21]: 20 |
Percentage (1911) |
Population (1941)[22]: 30 |
Percentage (1941) |
Population (2011)[23]: 30 |
Percentage (2011) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hinduism [a]
|
12,772 | 58.16% | 20,462 | 54.65% | 274,498 | 90.85% |
Islam
|
8,667 | 39.47% | 15,844 | 42.31% | 3,938 | 1.3% |
Sikhism
|
130 | 0.59% | 647 | 1.73% | 21,033 | 6.96% |
Christianity
|
210 | 0.96% | 125 | 0.33% | 776 | 0.26% |
| Others[b] | 182 | 0.83% | 366 | 0.98% | 1,895 | 0.63% |
| Total Population | 21,961 | 100% | 37,444 | 100% | 302,140 | 100% |
The sex ratio in Karnal stood at 915 females per 1000 males in 2011, compared to the 2001 census figure of 862.[20]
Government
[edit]Karnal Municipal Corporationis themunicipal corporationgoverning Indian city of Karnal. The mayor of the city currently is Renu Bala Gupta and the municipal commissioner is Naresh Narwal, IAS.
Politics
[edit]The city is part of theKarnal Assembly constituencyandNayab Singh SainiofBJPis the currentMLAfrom Karnal constituency.[24]
Manohar Lal KhattarofBJPis the current electedMPfrom theKarnal Lok Sabha constituency.
Facilities
[edit]Karnal was ranked 24th (1st in Haryana) among 4000+ cities in the list of the cleanest cities of India under the government survey namedSwachh Survekshan 2019.[25]
Karnal was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as asmart cityunder the Union government's planSmart Cities Mission.[26]
Education
[edit]- St. Theresa's Convent Sr. Sec. School.[27]
- Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College.[28]
- Pratap Public School.[29]
- Maharana Pratap Horticultural University.[30]
- Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayaya University of Health Sciences.
Research Institutes
[edit]National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) has been complementing country’s massive dairy development programmes through its multifaceted activities in the areas of Dairy Research. NDRI is fully supported by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and functions as one of the National Institutes under its aegis. The institute also interacts with various National and International Institutes in Dairying and allied fields for exchange of information and advancing new knowledge both in basic and applied fields of dairy science. The contributions of the Institute in conducting, collating and co-ordinating research in Dairying have received worldwide recognition. The Institute was conferred Deemed University status by the University Grants commission in March, 1989. For transfer of technology and dissemination of knowhow developed at the Institute, the Operational Research Project, a programme of integrated crop and milk production improvement, links the Institute with farming community of 40 villages around Karnal.[31]
National Institute of Animal Genetics, Karnal
[edit]National
Burea of Animal genetic Resources and National Institute of animal Genetics were set up on
21 September 1984. These Institutes were initially located in the Campus of Southern
Regional Station of NDRI, Bangalore. Since 19 July 1985 the Bureau and Animal Genetics
Institute are in Karnal.
The broad aims of the Institutes are to conduct systematic
surveys on animal and poultry genetic resources; to develop methodologies for the
conservation of animal genetic resources in-situ through cryo-preservation and by developing
transgenic forces; to establish data respository; to design methodologies for proper
management and optimal utilisation of animal genetic resources; etc.
Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal
[edit]Wheat Project Directorate (WPO) was made independent of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi w.e.f. Ist September, 1990 and redesignated as Directorate of Wheat Research (DWR) with headquarters at Karnal.
Centre Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal
[edit]It was established in March 1969, under the aegis of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal
[edit]Notable people
[edit]- Kalpana Chawla,first Indo-American woman astronaut. In 2003, Chawla was one of the seven crew members that died in theSpace Shuttle Columbia disaster[32]
- Vikramjeet VirkA Bollywood Actor. He Was Born in 1984 Village Tharwa Majra Of Karnal. He’s Well Renowned Actor Working in Hindi, Punjabi, Telugu Films.
- Anish Bhanwala,Indianshooter.He was brought up in Karnal,Haryanaand competes in the25 meter rapid fire pistol,25 meter pistol,and25 meter standard pistolevents.[33]
- Mool Chand Jain,a leader of the Indian Independence movement.[34]
- GeneralArthur Power Palmer,Commander-in-ChiefofIndiawas born in 1840
- Navdeep Saini,Indian cricketer
- Liaquat Ali Khan,was born in Karnal. A Pakistan Movement leader, he was selected as the first Prime Minister of Pakistan byQuaid e AzamMuhammad Ali Jinnah[35]
Notes
[edit]- ^1941 census: IncludingAd-Dharmis
- ^IncludingJainism,Buddhism,Zoroastrianism,Judaism,others, or not stated
References
[edit]- ^ab"Karnal City".Archived fromthe originalon 1 November 2020.Retrieved7 April2016.
- ^"Municipal Corporation Karnal".16 June 2024.
- ^"Administration: Municipal Corporation Karnal".16 June 2024.
- ^"Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015)"(PDF).Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. pp. 85–86. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 15 November 2016.Retrieved24 March2019.
- ^IANS(28 January 2010)."Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi".Hindustan Times.Retrieved24 March2019.
- ^"Haryanvi".Ethnologue.Retrieved8 February2020.
- ^"Karnal (M Cl)".censusindia.gov.in.Government of India.Retrieved7 April2016.
- ^"History about the city of Karnal".Government of Karnal.Retrieved7 February2022.
- ^King Karna returns to his land — Karnal. Mythology inspires ambitions, a larger-than-life portrayal of past events in order to add awe, plus a few nickels to the government kitty by way of tourism.
- ^D. C. Ganguly (1981). "Western India in the Sixth Century A.D.". InR. C. Majumdar(ed.).A Comprehensive History of India.Vol. 3, Part I: A.D. 300-985. Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.OCLC34008529.
- ^abH. A. Phadke (1990).Haryana, Ancient and Medieval.Harman.ISBN978-81-85151-34-2.
- ^R. B. Singh (1964).History of the Chāhamānas.N. Kishore.OCLC11038728.
- ^Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak; Jarrett, Henry Sullivan (translator) (1891).The Ain-i-Akbari.Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal. p. 286.Retrieved21 January2021.
{{cite book}}:|first2=has generic name (help) - ^abAxworthy, Michael(2009)
- ^Haryana State Gazetteer.Haryana Gazetteers Organisation, Revenue Department. 2001.
- ^https://www.bhaskar.com/local/haryana/rohtak/rewari/news/martyrs-day-of-veer-amar-shaheed-rao-balkishan-celebrated-in-nangal-pathani-128254998.html.
{{cite news}}:Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^D. C. Miglani (1993).Politics and Rural Power Struggle: Emerging Trends.Deep and Deep Publications.ISBN81-7100-578-0.
- ^ "Station: Karnal Climatological Table 1981–2010"(PDF).Climatological Normals 1981–2010.India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 395–396. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 5 February 2020.Retrieved1 March2020.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)"(PDF).India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M65. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 5 February 2020.Retrieved1 March2020.
- ^ab"Historical Census of India".Retrieved2 March2024.
- ^"Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables".Retrieved21 August2022.
- ^"CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE".Retrieved21 August2022.
- ^"Karnal City Census 2011 data".Census2011.Retrieved2 March2024.
- ^"Manohar Lal Khattar in Karnal Election Results 2019: Manohar Lal Khattar of BJP Wins".News18.24 October 2019.Retrieved4 February2022.
- ^"Cleanliness survey: Karnal city needs toilets to improve rank".The Tribune.17 March 2019.Retrieved21 March2019.
- ^"Khattar's Karnal tops list of smart cities".Tribune.23 July 2015.Retrieved29 January2021.
- ^[1],official website.
- ^Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College
- ^[2],official website.
- ^Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal,official website.
- ^"Education – NDRI-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University)".Retrieved12 August2022.
- ^"Only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about the smart cities project".28 August 2015.
- ^"Anish wins India's third individual gold in Jr. World Cup".Business Standard India.Press Trust of India. 26 March 2018.
- ^"Babu Mool Chand Jain Comprehensive Archives".
- ^"Liaquat Ali Khan prime minister of Pakistan".24 November 2023.
External links
[edit]
