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Karoo National Park

Coordinates:32°15′43.9″S22°18′32.8″E/ 32.262194°S 22.309111°E/-32.262194; 22.309111
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused withTankwa Karoo National Park.

Karoo National Park
Karoo landscape
Map
Location of the park
LocationWestern Cape,South Africa
Nearest cityBeaufort West
Coordinates32°15′43.9″S22°18′32.8″E/ 32.262194°S 22.309111°E/-32.262194; 22.309111
Area767.9 km2(296.5 sq mi)[1]
Established1979
Governing bodySouth African National Parks
www.sanparks.org/parks/karoo/
Karoo National Park is located in South Africa
Karoo National Park
Karoo National Park (South Africa)
Karoo National Park is located in Western Cape
Karoo National Park
Karoo National Park (Western Cape)

TheKaroo National Parkis awildlife reservein theGreat Karooarea of theWestern Cape,South AfricanearBeaufort West.Thissemi-desertarea covers an area of 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi).[1]The Nuweveld portion of theGreat Escarpmentruns through the Park. It is therefore partly in theLower Karoo,at about 850 m above sea level, and partly in theUpper Karooat over 1300 m altitude.[2]

Facilities

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The Park has a camp site for caravans and tents, chalets, an à la carte restaurant, a shop for basic necessities and curios, and picnic sites. The Park can be viewed by visitors on their own or with a guide.[3]

There are two main game viewing drives that do not require a four-wheel drive vehicle: the one to the east remains on the “Lammertjiesleegte” plains of the Lower Karoo; the other is the 49 km long circular route to the west which ascends the Klipspringer Pass on to the plateau (Upper Karoo), and eventually returns to the plains at the "Doornhoek" picnic site at the western extremity of the loop. From there it follows a south-easterly course across the plains to the beginning of the Klipspringer Pass, near the camp site and chalets. At the top of the Klipspringer Pass the Rooivalle View Point presents a magnificent panorama of the Lower Karoo.[4]The middle portion of the park, to the west of the Klipspringer Pass circular route, is easily accessible in 4x4 vehicles, and covers an extensive area, with rewarding game viewing opportunities.

Wildlife

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The Karoo National Park is a sanctuary for herds ofspringbok,gemsbok(or Oryx),black wildebeestCape mountain zebra,red hartebeest,black rhinoceros,eland,kudu,klipspringer,bat-eared foxes,black-backed jackal,ostriches,and, since fairly recently,lions.[5]It also has the greatest number oftortoisespecies of any park in the world - five in total.[6][7]The endangeredriverine rabbithas been successfully resettled here.[8]A large number ofVerreaux's eagleshave nests on the cliffs of the Escarpment.Martial eagles,booted eaglesand the shyCape eagle-owlare other raptors that can be seen in the Park. A wide variety of smaller birds occur in abundance, making the Park a birder’s paradise.[3]The park has also been populated withRau Quaggawhich arePlains or Burchell's zebrasthat have beenback-bredto resemble thequaggasthat roamed the karoo in great profusion until the middle of the 1800s, when they were hunted to extinction. The last quagga died in Amsterdam Zoo on 12 August 1883.[9][10][11]In September 2020, seven lions who’d escaped from the Karoo National Park, were killed by rangers.[12]

The Karoo National Park seen from the Klipspringer Pass as it winds its way up the Nuweberg Escarpment to the Rooivalle view site. The Escarpment here, as in much of its extent in the southern Karoo, is topped by adoleritesill, giving it its sharp, level, upper edge.

Geology

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The Park both below and above the Great Escarpment is situated on theBeaufort groupof rocks, which form part of theKaroo geological system of deposits.[13]The Beaufort sediments were laid down on a vast alluvial plain covering much of what was to become Southern Africa, when it was still part ofGondwana,beginning about 280 million years ago, and ending about 240 million years ago. These 6 km thick sediments were deposited by rivers similar in size and number to theGanges,Brahmaputra,andIndusrivers which drain theHimalayamountains on the Indian subcontinent today.[14]In Gondwana, when the Beaufort sediments were being laid down, the Himalaya-sized mountains were to the south of the present South African coastline, on what is geologically known as the “Falklands Plateau”, now separated from South Africa bycontinental drift,and lying as severely eroded islands in the south-western Atlantic Ocean.[15]A large variety of amphibians and reptiles lived on the lush vegetation of these well-watered plains, the most interesting of which were themammal-like reptiles,which have made the Karoo paleontologically famous. Their fossils have been found all over the Karoo. Some of these fossils are on display in the Park, though none of them have been found there.

About 60 million years after the Beaufort sediments had been laid down and topped with a thick layer of desert sands, there was an outpouring of lava on to Southern Africa on a titanic scale. The entire area was covered within a very short space of time with a 1.5 km thick layer of lava, the remnants of which form theDrakensberg.In addition to flooding the African surface with lava, lava was also forced under great pressure between the sedimentary layers of the Beaufort rocks. These subterranean horizontal layers of lava solidified into what are known asdoleritesills,which can vary in thickness from a few centimetres to several meters.[15][16] Subsequent erosion of the Southern African interior re-exposed the Beaufort rocks over most of the Great Karoo. But the dolerite sills were more resistant to erosion than the Beaufort sediments, which resulted in the creation of flat topped hills all over the Karoo (the flat tops being formed by dolerite sills). The flat top edge of the Great Escarpment in the Karoo is also formed, in many places including the Karoo National Park, by a thick dolerite sill.

Vegetation

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The vegetation consists primarily of dwarf (less than 1 m high)xerophyticshrubs with some grasses.[17][18][19]The shrubs and grasses are deciduous, mainly in response to the irregular rainfall[20][21]

Climate

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The Karoo National Park Annual rainfall ranges between 100 and 500mm, averaging at about 200mm. Summer rainfall comes mostly in the form of thunderstorms or cold fronts from the Cape. The winters are frosty and chilly, when temperatures drop to below 0 degrees Celsius, with snow sometimes visible on the peaks of the Nuweveld Mountains. Summers are hot, with temperatures rising up to 40 degrees Celsius.[22]

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  • Rooiwalle Canyon
    Rooiwalle Canyon
  • Nuweveld Mountains
    Nuweveld Mountains

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toKaroo National Park.

References

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  1. ^ab"Karoo National Park".Protected Planet.Retrieved9 September2012.
  2. ^Atlas of Southern Africa.(1984). p. 102-103. Reader’s Digest Association, Cape Town
  3. ^abKaroo National ParkArchived2014-05-17 at theWayback Machine
  4. ^Park map
  5. ^Van Deventer, L. & McLennan, B. (eds) (2010). “The Koup” inSouth Africa by Road, a Regional Guide.p. 58. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.
  6. ^"Karoo National Park: South Africa Nature Reserves (Overview)".Archived fromthe originalon 2013-09-11.Retrieved2013-09-16.
  7. ^Karoo National Park - Official Site,Sanparks.URL last accessed on April 1, 2006
  8. ^Karoo national ParkArchived2006-05-16 at theWayback Machine,Beaufort West SA.URL last accessed on April 2, 2006.
  9. ^Max, D. T. (1 January 2006)."Can You Revive an Extinct Animal?".The New York Times.Retrieved3 March2014.
  10. ^"Rebuilding a Species".VOA.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-12-22.Retrieved10 April2014.
  11. ^"Oxford Dictionaries".Oxford University Press. Archived fromthe originalon August 18, 2012.Retrieved13 August2014.
  12. ^Karoo National Park: Outrage as seven escaped lions ‘killed by rangers’retrieved on 14. October 2020 in Thesouthafrican.com
  13. ^Geological Map of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.(1970). Council for Geoscience, Geological Survey of South Africa.
  14. ^The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World.(1999) p.28. Times Books Group, London.
  15. ^abMcCarthy, T., Rubridge, B. (2005).The Story of Earth and Life.p. 202-207. Struik Publishers, Cape Town
  16. ^Karoo national Park: Western Cape,SouthAfrica-travel.URL last accessed on April 1, 2006
  17. ^Potgieter, D.J. & du Plessis, T.C. (1972)Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa.Vol. 6. pp. 306-307. Nasou, Cape Town.
  18. ^Reader’s Digest Illustrated Guide to Southern Africa.(5th Ed. 1993). pp. 78-89. Reader’s Digest Association of South Africa Pty. Ltd., Cape Town.
  19. ^The New Encyclopædia Britannica.Micropaedia, Vol. 6. (2007). p.750. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., Chicago.
  20. ^The Nama Karoo Biome.[1].Accessed 2 May 2014
  21. ^The Nama Karoo Biome"Archived copy".Archived fromthe originalon 2014-10-18.Retrieved2014-12-18.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link).Accessed 2 May 2014
  22. ^"Visit Africa: Karoo National Park, South Africa".visitafrica.site.Retrieved2020-09-25.
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