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Karur

Coordinates:10°57′36″N78°04′36″E/ 10.960100°N 78.076600°E/10.960100; 78.076600
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about a City in Tamil Nadu, India. For its namesake district, seeKarur district.

Karur
town
Karur is located in Tamil Nadu
Karur
Karur
Karur, Tamil Nadu
Karur is located in India
Karur
Karur
Karur (India)
Coordinates:10°57′36″N78°04′36″E/ 10.960100°N 78.076600°E/10.960100; 78.076600
CountryIndia
StateTamil Nadu
DistrictKarur
Government
• TypeMunicipal Corporation
• BodyKarur Municipal Corporation
•Member of ParliamentJothimani[1]
•Member of Legislative AssemblyV. Senthil Balaji[2]
• MayorKavitha Ganesan
Area
[3]
• Total53.26 km2(20.56 sq mi)
Elevation
147 m (482 ft)
Population
The population as per 2011 census was calculated basis pre-expansion area of 5.96 sq.km. was 70,980.[4]Post expansion of city limits to 52.26 sq.km., the population including the new city limits was estimated to be 394,719 in 2024 by unofficial sources.[5]
• Total394,719
Languages
• OfficialTamil
Time zoneUTC+5:30(IST)
PIN
639(xxx)
Telephone code91-(0)4324
Vehicle registrationTN-47

Karur(Tamil:[kaɾuːɾ]) is a town in theIndianstate ofTamil Nadu.It is the administrative headquarters ofKarur districtand is administered by theKarur Municipal Corporation.It is located on the banks of the riversAmaravathi,KaveriandNoyyal.It is situated at about 395 km (245 mi) southwest of the state capitalChennai.

The region was ruled by theCherasduring theSangam periodand the town might have been part of the Chera capital atVanchi-Karuvoor.It formed a part of the principal trade route between the west coast and Tamil Nadu. Archeological evidence points to Karur being a centre of trade during the Chera period. The region was ruled later by theCholas,as evident from temple epigraphs. It was under the control ofPandyas,Vijayanagara Empireand theMadurai Nayaksacross various periods in history. In the later part of the 18th century, the region came under theKingdom of Mysoreand theBritish East India Companyannexed it to theMadras Presidencyin 1799. AfterIndian Independencein 1947, it became pert ofMadras State,the predecessor ofTamil Nadu.

The economy of the town is dependent onagricultureandtextiles.Hindusform the majority of the urban population, with a minor population ofMuslimsandChristians.Tamilis the major spoken and official language. Karur is a part of theKarur Assembly constituencythat elects a member to theTamil Nadu Legislative Assemblyonce every five years.

Etymology

[edit]

The name "Karur" came from "Karuvur", after theCheracapital of the same name.[6]

History

[edit]
See also:History of Karur

Cheras, one of thethree kingdomsof theSangam period(3rd century BC to 3rd century CE), ruled over the region with their capital atVanchi-Karuvoor.Historians are divided on the exact location of the Chera capital that might correspond to either the present day Karur inTamil NaduorKodungalurinKerala.Karur, which was known as Karuvur, was part of theKongu Naduregion in the ancientTamilakamand is one of the oldest inhabited towns in the state.[6][7][8]Archaeological excavations fromKodumanalfurther down theNoyyal Rivershow traces of civilization from 4th century BCE.[9][10]

Tamil Brahmi inscription from Pugalur, near Karur

Archeological evidence points to Karur being a centre of trade during the Chera period.[11]The Tamil epicSilapathikarammentions that the Chera kingSenguttuvanruling from Karuvur. The archaeological excavations undertaken in Karur have yielded pottery, bricks, mud-toys, RomanAmphorae,Rasset coated ware, rings and coins belonging to various eras. Karur might have been the center for old jewellery-making and gem setting, as seen from various excavations.[12]In 150 CE, Greek scholarPtolemymentioned "Korevora" as an inland trading center inSouth India.[13]The region was part of anancient Romantrade route that extended fromMuzirisin the west coast toArikamedualong the east coast of India.[14][15][16]EarlyTamil Brahmiwritings have been found on coins, seals and rings obtained fromAmaravati Riverbed near Karur.[17][18]

The region came under the influence of thePandyasduring the reign ofArikesari Maravarmanin the seventh century CE.[19]Later, the region was ruled by various dynasties such asRashtrakutasandWestern Gangas.[20]TheCholasled byAditya I,conquered the region in ninth century CE. While the region was directly under the control of the Imperial Cholas till 1064 CE, theKongu Cholaswho were probably vassals or viceroys of the Cholas, ruled the region autonomously later.[21][22]Temple inscriptions found near Karur dated to the period ofKulothunga Chola Imention the location asVanchimanagarama Karuvur(Vanchi city of Karuvur).[6][23]

It was later ruled by theVijayanagara Empireand theMadurai Nayaks,who were vassals of Vijayanagara earlier.[24]In the latter part of the 18th century, the region came under theKingdom of Mysore,and after thedefeatofTipu Sultan,theBritish East India Companyannexed the region to theMadras Presidencythe early 19th century.[25]Karur municipality was constituted in 1874.[26]AfterIndian Independencein 1947, the region was part of theMadras State.[27]After theStates Reorganisation Actof 1956, which re-organized state boundaries, majority of the region became part of the new Madras state, which would become Tamil Nadu in 1969.[28][29]

Geography

[edit]
Amaravathi Rivernear Karur

Karur is located at10°57′N78°05′E/ 10.95°N 78.08°E/10.95; 78.08and has an average elevation of 101 metres or 331 feet.[30]The town is located inKarur district,at a distance of 370 km (230 mi) fromChennai.The town is located on the banks of the riversAmaravathi,KaveriandNoyyalwith a plain topography. There are no notable mineral resources available in and around the town. The soil types are black and red that are conducive for common crops in theCauvery delta.

Climate

[edit]

The prevailing climate in Karur is known as ahot semi-arid climate,labelledBShunder theKöppen and Geiger classification system.Karur receives an average of 590 to 600 mm (23 to 24 in) annually, which is substantially below the state average of 1,008 mm (39.7 in). The South West monsoon, with an onset in June and lasting up to August, brings scant rainfall since Karur is in a rainshadow region. The bulk of the rainfall comes during summer months (late April, May) and the North East monsoon in the months of October, November and December.[31]The driest month is March, with only 8 millimetres or 0.31 inches of rain. Most rain falls in October, with an average of 166 millimetres or 6.54 inches. The precipitation varies 158 millimetres or 6.22 inches between the driest month and the wettest month.

The average temperature in Karur is 28.7 °C or 83.7 °F. The temperature ranges from a maximum of 39 °C (102.2 °F) to a minimum of 17 °C (62.6 °F). Like the rest of the state, April to June are the hottest months and December to January are the coolest. The average temperatures vary during the year by 5.9 °C or 10.6 °F. With an average of 31.5 °C or 88.7 °F, May is the hottest month, whilst in the mildest months of December the average temperature is 25.6 °C or 78.1 °F.

Climate data for Karur
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31.1
(88.0) 		33.7
(92.7) 		36.2
(97.2) 		37.0
(98.6) 		37.1
(98.8) 		35.6
(96.1) 		34.3
(93.7) 		34.2
(93.6) 		33.9
(93.0) 		32.5
(90.5) 		30.7
(87.3) 		29.4
(84.9) 		33.8
(92.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 25.8
(78.4) 		27.5
(81.5) 		29.7
(85.5) 		31.3
(88.3) 		31.5
(88.7) 		30.6
(87.1) 		29.6
(85.3) 		29.4
(84.9) 		29.1
(84.4) 		28.1
(82.6) 		26.6
(79.9) 		25.6
(78.1) 		28.7
(83.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 20.5
(68.9) 		21.3
(70.3) 		23.2
(73.8) 		25.7
(78.3) 		26.0
(78.8) 		25.6
(78.1) 		24.9
(76.8) 		24.6
(76.3) 		24.3
(75.7) 		23.7
(74.7) 		22.5
(72.5) 		21.8
(71.2) 		23.7
(74.6)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 11.5
(0.45) 		9.2
(0.36) 		8.3
(0.33) 		32.4
(1.28) 		63.5
(2.50) 		17.1
(0.67) 		30.2
(1.19) 		44.6
(1.76) 		63.2
(2.49) 		166.3
(6.55) 		86.3
(3.40) 		61.0
(2.40) 		593.6
(23.38)
Average rainy days 2 1 1 3 5 2 3 4 6 10 9 6 52
Source 1:Climate-Data.org[32]
Source 2: rainy days[failed verification]

Demographics

[edit]
Religious census[33]
Religion Percent(%)
Hindu
 
 91.41%
Muslim
 
 5.62%
Christian
 
 2.88%
Sikh
 
 0.01%
Buddhist
 
 0.01%
Other
 
 0.07%
No religion
 
 0.01%

The population as per2011census was calculated basis pre-expansion area of 5.96 km2(2.30 sq mi) was 70,980.[4]Post expansion of city limits to 52.26 km2(20.18 sq mi), the population including the new city limits was estimated to be 394,719 in 2024 by unofficial sources.[5]As per 2011 census, asex ratioof 1,032 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 6,147 were under the age of six, constituting 3,162 males and 2,985 females.Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribesaccounted for 12.11% and.08% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the city was 81.71%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[34]The city had a total of 57,687 households. There were a total of 30,216 workers, comprising 125 cultivators, 181 main agricultural labourers, 469 in household industries, 26,660 other workers, 2,781 marginal workers, 24 marginal cultivators, 82 marginal agricultural labourers, 140 marginal workers in household industries and 2,535 other marginal workers.[35]

The population density of the city in the 2001 census was 128 persons per hectare and the average household size was 3.95 as of 2001.Hindusform the majority of the urban population, followed byMuslimsandChristians.[33]Tamilis the main language spoken in the city, but the use ofEnglishis common in educational institutions and offices in the service sector.[36]

Administration and politics

[edit]
Municipal Corporation officials
Mayor Kavitha Ganesan
Corporation Commissioner Sudha[37]
Elected members
Member of Legislative Assembly V. Senthil Balaji[38]
Member of Parliament Jothimani

Karur is the headquarters of the Karur district. The town was constituted as a municipality in 1874, promoted to first-grade during 1969, selected-grade during 1983 and special-grade as of 1988.[39]The Karur municipal corporation is headed by a mayor, who is elected by the councillors of the 48 wards.[3]The functions of the municipality are devolved into six departments: general administration, engineering, revenue, health, city planning, and IT. All these departments are under the control of a municipal commissioner who is the executive head.[40]The legislative powers are vested in a body of 48 members, one each from the 60 wards.[41]The legislative body is headed by an elected chairperson assisted by a deputy.[42]On 24 August 2021, the government announced the upgrading of Karur municipality to Karur City Municipal Corporation.[43]

Karur is a part of theKarur assembly constituencyand it elects a member to theTamil Nadu Legislative Assemblyonce every five years.[44]All India Anna Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam(AIADMK) has won the assembly seat five times followed by two times byDravida Munnetra Kazhagam(DMK) and once byIndian National Congress.[45]

Karur is a part of theKarur (Lok Sabha constituency).From 1957, the seat was held by the Congress for eight times, AIADMK for six times,Tamil Maanila Congressand DMK once. [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]The current Member of Parliament from the constituency isS.Jothimanifrom Indian National Congress.[59]

Law and order

[edit]

Law and order is maintained Karur sub division of theTamil Nadu Policeheaded by a Superintendent of Police. There are four police stations for law and order, two for traffic and an all women police station along with police outposts. There are special units like prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and special branch that operate at the district level police division headed by a Superintendent of Police.[60]

Utilities

[edit]

Electricity supply to Karur is regulated and distributed by the Karur Electricity Distribution Circle of theTamil Nadu Electricity Board(TNEB). A Chief Distribution engineer, stationed at the regional headquarters in Karur, is responsible for administration and management.[61]Water supply is provided by the municipal corporation, which operates 58 overhead water tanks, which store water pumped from the pumping stations on the Kaveri river. As of 2021-22, 31.97 million litres of water was supplied to households everyday.[3]

As per the municipal data for 2011, about 45 metric tonnes of solid waste were collected from Karur every day by door-to-door collection and subsequently the source segregation and dumping was carried out by the sanitary department of the corporation. The coverage of solid waste management in the town by the municipality had an efficiency of 100% as of 2001.[62]As of 2022, the corporation maintained 23 public toilets.[3]

As of 2022, the corporation maintained a total of 88.9 km (55.2 mi) of underground storm water drains, which carry an average of 5.5 million litres of waste water per day.[3]As of 2022, there is one government medical college hospital, one maternity clinic, one municipalSiddhacentre, and two primary health centres. As of 2022, the corporation maintained a total of 11,875 street lamps including 3026LEDlamps. The corporation operates a daily market, two weekly markets and two farmer markets.[3]

Culture

[edit]
See also:Arts in Karur
Karur Pasupateeswarar temple

The town formed a part of the traditional Chera and Chola empires and has a number oftemples.Karuvurar,born in medieval Karur, was one among the nine who sung the divine compositionThiruvichaippa,the ninthThirumurai.In addition to thePasupatheeswarar Siva temple,there is aVishnutemple at Thiruvithuvakkodu, sung byKulasekaraazhvaar(7th-8th century CE) and presumably mentioned in epic Silappadikaram as the temple where CheranSenguttuvansought blessings before his north Indian expedition.[63][64]

Economy

[edit]
TNPLpaper mill in Karur

The city has about 19% of its total area under agricultural land use. The major crops arerice,cotton,sugarcaneandoil seeds,while the major horticultural crops arecoconut,banana,betelandmango.The town is the commercial centre for trading of agricultural commodities from the nearby towns and villages. Approximately 80 per cent of the workforce is employed in tertiary sector, 17 per cent in primary sector and 4% in secondary sector activities. Several banks have branches at Karur. Private banksKarur Vysya BankandLakshmi Vilas Bankhave their headquarters in Karur.

Textilesis a major industry with various allied industries like ginning and spinning mills, dyeing factories and weaving. As of 2005,the industry had revenues of₹20 billion(US$240 million) annually.[65]Karur is also home to an integrated textile park.[66]

The town is a major hub forcoachbuilding, with a major share of bus coaches being built here locally.[67]About 2000 units are engaged in making High-density polyethylene (HDPE) mono filament yarn and associated products.[68]TNPLpromoted by the Government of Tamil Nadu is located near Karur and is one of the largest producers of paper in India.[69]Bharat Petroleumoperates a pipeline fromKochito Karur for transporting petroleum products. The petroleum products received at the terminal in Athur is transported to other districts of Tamil Nadu through tanker trucks.[70]Chettinad Groupoperates a wet process cement plant at Puliyur near Karur.[71]

Transport

[edit]
Karur railway station

The corporation maintains 412.24 km (256.15 mi) of roads including 55.2 km (34.3 mi) concrete roads, 79.33 km (49.29 mi) gravel roads and 275.3 km (171.1 mi) bituminous road. A total of 8.375 km (5.204 mi) of state highways is maintained by the State Highways Department and 26.69 km (16.58 mi) of national highways by the national highways department.[3]There are two national highways namely theNH 44andNH 67that pass via Karur. Karur bus stand is located near the center of the town.[3]TheState Express Transport Corporationoperates long-distance buses to other cities.Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporationoperates city and moffusil busses from Karur to other parts of Tamil Nadu and neighbouring states.Karnataka State Road Transport CorporationandKerala State Road Transport Corporationalso operates few buses to and from Karur.

Karur Junction railway station(station code - KRR) is one of the railway junctions under theSalem divisionof theSouthern Railway zoneof theIndian Railwaysnetwork. It has five active Platforms and forms the intersection betweenErode-TiruchirapalliandSalem-Karur lines.[72][73][74][75]The nearest airport is theTiruchirapalli International Airport,located 78 km (48 mi) away.

Education

[edit]

There are 10 government schools including four primary schools, four middle schools and two higher secondary schools.[3]There are several institutes of higher education in the town. Karur medical college was established in 2019.[76]

References

[edit]
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide forKarur.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karur&oldid=1234461124"