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For the basketball coach, seeKeith Richard.

Keith Richards
Richards in London in 2022
Born(1943-12-18)18 December 1943(age 80)
Dartford,Kent,England
Other namesKeith Richard
EducationDartford Technical School
Sidcup Art College
Occupations
  • Musician
  • songwriter
  • singer
  • record producer
  • actor
Years active1960–present
Spouse
​
(m.1983)​
PartnerAnita Pallenberg(1967–1980)
Children5, includingTheodoraandAlexandra
Musical career
Genres
Instrument(s)
  • Guitar
  • vocals
Labels
Member of
Formerly of
Websitekeithrichards.com

Keith Richards[nb 1](born 18 December 1943) is an English musician, songwriter, singer and record producer who is an original member, guitarist, secondary vocalist, and co-principal songwriter ofthe Rolling Stones.Hissongwriting partnershipwith the band's lead vocalistMick Jaggeris one of the most successful in history. His career spans over six decades, and his guitar playing style has been a trademark of the Rolling Stones throughout the band's career. Richards gained press notoriety for his romantic involvements and illicit drug use, and he was often portrayed as acounterculturalfigure. First professionally known as Keith Richard, by the early 1970s he had fully asserted his family name.

Richards was born in and grew up inDartford,Kent.He studied at theDartford Technical SchoolandSidcup Art College.After graduating, Richards befriended Jagger,Bill Wyman,Charlie Watts,Ian StewartandBrian Jonesand joined the Rolling Stones. As a member of the Rolling Stones, Richards also sings lead on some Stones songs. Richards typically sings lead on at least one song a concert, including "Happy","Before They Make Me Run",and"Connection".Outside of his career with the Rolling Stones, Richards has also played with his own side-project, The X-Pensive Winos. He also appeared in twoPirates of the Caribbeanfilms asCaptain Teague,father ofJack Sparrow,whose look and characterisation was inspired by Richards himself.

In 1989, Richards was inducted into theRock and Roll Hall of Fameand in 2004 into theUK Music Hall of Famewith the Rolling Stones.Rolling Stonemagazine ranked him fourth on its list of 100 best guitarists in 2011. In 2023,Rolling Stone'sranking was 15th.[5]The magazine lists fourteen songs that Richards wrote with Jagger on its "500 Greatest Songs of All Time"list.

Early life

Richards was born on 18 December 1943 at Livingston Hospital, inDartford,Kent, England.[6]He is the only child of Doris Maud Lydia (née Dupree) and Herbert William Richards. His father was a factory worker who was wounded in theSecond World Warduring theNormandy invasion.[7]Richards's paternal grandparents, Ernie and Eliza Richards, were socialists and civic leaders, whom he credited as "more or less creat[ing] the WalthamstowLabour Party",and both were mayors of theMunicipal Borough of Walthamstowin Essex, with Eliza becoming mayor in 1941.[8][9]His great-grandfather's family originated fromWales.[7][10][11]

His maternal grandfather, Augustus Theodore "Gus" Dupree, who toured Britain with ajazzbig band,Gus Dupree and His Boys, fostered Richards's interest in the guitar.[12]Richards has said that it was Dupree who gave him his first guitar.[13]His grandfather 'teased' the young Richards with a guitar that was on a shelf that Richards couldn't reach at the time. Finally, Dupree told Richards that if Richards could reach the guitar, he could have it.[14]Richards then devised all manner of ways of reaching the guitar, including putting books and cushions on a chair, until finally getting hold of the instrument, after which his grandfather taught him the rudiments of Richards's first tune, "Malagueña".[14]He worked on the number 'like mad', and then his grandfather let him keep the guitar, which he called 'the prize of the century'. Richards played at home, listening to recordings byBillie Holiday,Louis Armstrong,Duke Ellington,and others.[15]His father, on the other hand, disparaged his son's musical enthusiasm.[16]One of Richards's first guitar heroes was Elvis's guitaristScotty Moore.[17]

Richards attendedWentworth Primary SchoolwithMick Jagger[18]and was his neighbour until 1954 when the Richards and Jagger families both moved.[19]From 1955 to 1959, Richards attended Dartford Technical High School for Boys. He never sat theeleven-plusdue to illness.[20][21][22]Recruited by Dartford Tech's choirmaster, R. W. "Jake" Clare, he sang in a trio ofboy sopranosat, among other occasions,Westminster Abbeyfor QueenElizabeth II.[23]In 1959, Richards was expelled from Dartford Tech for truancy and transferred toSidcup Art College,[24][25]where he metDick Taylor.[26][27]At Sidcup, he was diverted from his studies proper and devoted more time to playing guitar with other students in the boys' room. At this point, Richards had learned most ofChuck Berry's solos.[28]

Richards in 1965

Richards met Jagger again by chance on a train platform when Jagger was heading for classes at theLondon School of Economics.[29]The mail-orderrhythm and bluesalbums fromChess Recordsby Chuck Berry andMuddy Watersthat Jagger was carrying revealed a mutual interest[30][31]and led to a renewal of their friendship. Along with mutual friend Dick Taylor, Jagger was singing in an amateur band, Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys, which Richards soon joined.[32][33]The Blue Boys folded whenBrian Jones,after sharing thoughts on their joint interest in the blues music, invited Mick and Keith to the Bricklayers Arms pub, where they then metIan Stewart.[34][35]

By mid-1962, Richards had left Sidcup Art College[36]to devote himself to music, and moved into a London flat with Jagger and Jones. His parents divorced at about the same time, resulting in his staying close to his mother and remainingestrangedfrom his father until 1982.[37]

Afterthe Rolling Stonessigned toDecca Recordsin 1963, the band's manager,Andrew Loog Oldham,dropped thesfrom Richards's surname, believing thatKeith Richard,in his words, "looked more pop",[38]and that it would echo the name of the British rock and roll singerCliff Richard.[39]During the late 1970s, Richards re-established thesin his surname.[40]

Musicianship

Richards plays both lead and rhythm guitar parts, often in the same song; the Stones are generally known for their guitar interplay of rhythm and lead ( "weaving" ) between him and the other guitarist in the band –Brian Jones(1962–1969),Mick Taylor(1969–1975), orRonnie Wood(1975–present). In the recording studio Richards sometimes plays all of the guitar parts, notably on the songs "Paint It Black","Ruby Tuesday","Sympathy for the Devil",and"Gimme Shelter".He is also a vocalist, singingbacking vocalson many Rolling Stones songs as well as occasional lead vocals, such as on the Rolling Stones' 1972 single "Happy",as well as with hisside project,the X-Pensive Winos.

Bandleader

Since the mid-1960s, Richards and Mick Jagger have been the primary songwriters for the Stones, as well as the band's primary producers since the mid-1970s (credited as theGlimmer Twins), though oftentimes in collaboration with an outside producer. Former keyboardist Ian Stewart once said that Richards was the Rolling Stones' bandleader; however, Richards has said that his job is merely "oiling the machinery". Unlike many bands where the drummer sets the pace and acts as a timesetter for a song, Richards fills that role for the Rolling Stones. Both former bassistBill Wymanand current guitarist Ronnie Wood have said that the Stones did not follow the band's long-time drummer,Charlie Watts,but rather followed Richards, as there was "no way of 'not' following" him.[41][42]

Guitarist

Richards playing guitar in concert, 1972

Chris Speddingcalls Richards's guitar playing "direct, incisive and unpretentious".[43]Richards says he focuses on chords and rhythms, avoiding flamboyant and competitive virtuosity and trying not to be the "fastest gun in the west".[41]Richards prefers teaming with at least one other guitarist and has almost never toured without one.[44]Chuck Berry has been an inspiration for Richards,[45]and, with Jagger, he introduced Berry's songs to the Rolling Stones' early repertoire. In the late 1960s Brian Jones's declining contributions led Richards to record all guitar parts on many tracks, includingslide guitar.Jones's replacement, Mick Taylor, played guitar with the Rolling Stones from 1969 to 1974. Taylor's virtuosity on lead guitar led to a pronounced separation between lead and rhythm guitar roles, most notably onstage.[41]In 1975 Taylor was replaced by Wood, whose arrival marked a return to a guitar interplay Richards called "the ancient art of weaving", which he and Jones had gleaned fromChicago blues.[46]

A break in touring during 1967–1968 allowed Richards to experiment withopen tunings.He mainly used open tunings for fingered chording, developing a distinctive style of syncopated and ringing I–IV chording heard on "Street Fighting Man"and"Start Me Up".[47]Richards's favoured – but not exclusively used – open tuning is a five-stringopen Gtuning: GDGBD. Richards often removes the lowest string from his guitar, playing with only five strings and letting the band's bass player pick up those notes, as the lower string just "gets in the way" of Richards's playing.[48]Several of his Telecasters are tuned this way. This tuning is prominent on Rolling Stones recordings, including "Honky Tonk Women","Brown Sugar",and" Start Me Up ".[49]Richards has stated thatbanjotuning was the inspiration for this tuning.[50]

Richards regardsacoustic guitaras the basis for his playing,[51]believing that the limitations of electric guitar would cause him to "lose that touch" if he stopped playing an acoustic.[49]Richards plays acoustic guitar on many Rolling Stones tracks, including "Play with Fire", "Brown Sugar", and "Angie".All guitars on the studio versions of" Street Fighting Man "and"Jumpin' Jack Flash"feature acoustic guitars overloaded to a cassette recorder, then re-amped through a loudspeaker in the studio.[52]

Vocals

Richards sang in a school choir – most notably for Queen Elizabeth II – until adolescence's effect on his voice forced him out of it.[53]He has sung backing vocals on every Rolling Stones album. SinceBetween the Buttons(1967), he has sung lead or co-lead on at least one track (see list below) of every Rolling Stones studio album exceptTheir Satanic Majesties Request,Sticky Fingers,It's Only Rock 'n Roll,andBlue & Lonesome.

He has sung lead on more than ten Rolling Stones songs, including "Happy","You Got the Silver",and"Connection".[54]During the Rolling Stones' 1972 tour, the Richards-sung "Happy" entered into their concert repertoire, and since then he has sung lead vocals on one or two songs each concert[55][56][57]in order to give Jagger time to change his outfit.[56]Keith usually starts withMax Millerroutines such as "It's nice to be here – it's nice to be anywhere", in order to give the audience a moment to catch its proverbial breath.[56]During the 2006 and 2007 Rolling Stones' tours, Richards sang "You Got the Silver" (1969) without playing any instrument.[58]

Songwriting

Main article:Jagger–Richards

Richards and Jagger began writing songs together in 1963, prompted by manager Andrew Loog Oldham, who believed the band could not depend on outside songwriters.[59]The earliestJagger/Richardscollaborations were recorded by other artists, includingGene Pitney,whose rendition of "That Girl Belongs to Yesterday" was their first top-ten single in the UK.[60]They scored another top-ten hit in 1964 with the debut single written forMarianne Faithfull,"As Tears Go By".

The first top-ten hit for the Rolling Stones with a Jagger and Richards original was "The Last Time"in early 1965;[61]"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction"(also 1965) was their first international number-one recording. Richards has stated that the" Satisfaction "riff came to him in his sleep; he woke up just long enough to record it on acassette playerby his bed.[62]SinceAftermath(1966) most Rolling Stones albums have consisted mainly of Jagger and Richards originals. Their songs reflect the influence of blues, R&B, rock and roll, pop,soul,gospel,andcountry,as well as forays intopsychedeliaandDylanesquesocial commentary. Their work in the 1970s and beyond has incorporated elements offunk,disco,reggae,andpunk.[63]Richards has also written and recorded slow torchy ballads, such as "You Got the Silver" (1969), "Coming Down Again"(1973),"All About You"(1980) and"Slipping Away"(1989). Hissongwriting partnershipwith Mick Jagger is one of the most successful in history.[64][65]

In his solo career, Richards has often shared co-writing credits with drummer and co-producerSteve Jordan.Richards has stated, "I've always thought songs written by two people are better than those written by one. You get another angle on it."[63]

Richards has frequently expressed that he feels less like a creator than a conduit when writing songs: "I don't have that God aspect about it. I prefer to think of myself as an antenna. There's only one song, and Adam and Eve wrote it; the rest is a variation on a theme."[63]Richards was inducted into theSongwriters Hall of Famein 1993.[66]

Record production

Richards has been active as a music producer since the 1960s. He was credited as producer and musical director on the 1966 albumToday's Pop Symphony,one of managerAndrew Loog Oldham's side projects, although there are doubts about how much Richards was actually involved with it.[67]On the Rolling Stones' 1967 albumTheir Satanic Majesties Request,the entire band was credited as producer, but since 1974, Richards and Mick Jagger have frequently co-produced both Rolling Stones records and those by other artists under the name "the Glimmer Twins",often in collaboration with other producers.

In early 1973, Jagger and Richards developed an interest in the bandKracker,resulting in a deal whereby the band's second album was licensed for distribution outside the United States byRolling Stones Records,making Kracker the first band on that label.[68][69][70]

Since the 1980s Richards has chalked up numerous production and co-production credits on projects with other artists includingAretha Franklin,Johnnie Johnson,andRonnie Spector,as well as on his own albums with the X-Pensive Winos (see below). In the 1990s Richards co-produced and added guitar and vocals to a recording ofnyabinghi Rastafarianchanting and drumming entitled "Wingless Angels",released on Richards's own record label, Mindless Records, in 1997.[71]

Solo recordings

Richards has released few solo recordings. His first solo single, released in 1978, was a cover of Chuck Berry's "Run Rudolph Run",backed with his version ofJimmy Cliff's "The Harder They Come".In 1987, after Jagger pursued a solo recording and touring career, Richards formed the" X-Pensive Winos "with co-songwriter and co-producer Steve Jordan, whom Richards assembled for his Chuck Berry documentaryHail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll.[72]

Additional members of the X-Pensive Winos included guitaristWaddy Wachtel,saxophonistBobby Keys,keyboardistIvan Neville,andCharley Draytonon bass. The first Winos' record,Talk Is Cheap,also featuredBernie Worrell,Bootsy Collins,andMaceo Parker.Since its release,Talk Is Cheaphas gonegoldand has sold consistently. Its release was followed by the first of the two US tours Richards has done as a solo artist.Live at the Hollywood Palladium, 15 December 1988documents the first of these tours. In 1992 the Winos' second studio record,Main Offender,was released, also followed by a tour.[73]Although the Winos featured on both albums, the albums were credited to Richards as a solo artist.

A third Richards album,Crosseyed Heart,was released in September 2015.[74]

Recordings with other artists

During the 1960s, most of Richards's recordings with artists other than the Rolling Stones were sessions for Andrew Loog Oldham'sImmediate Recordslabel. Notable exceptions were when Richards, along with Mick Jagger and numerous other guests, sang onthe Beatles' 1967 TV broadcast of "All You Need Is Love",[73]and when he played bass withJohn Lennon,Eric Clapton,Mitch Mitchell,Ivry Gitlis,andYoko Onoasthe Dirty MacforThe Rolling Stones Rock and Roll CircusTV special filmed in 1968.[75]

In the 1970s, Richards worked outside the Rolling Stones with Ronnie Wood on several occasions, contributing guitar, piano, and vocals to Wood's first two solo albums and joining him on stage for two July 1974 concerts to promoteI've Got My Own Album to Do.In December 1974 Richards also made a guest appearance at aFacesconcert. During 1976 and 1977, Richards both co-produced and played onJohn Phillips's solo recordingPay Pack & Follow(released in 2001). In 1979 he toured the US withthe New Barbarians,the band that Wood put together to promote his albumGimme Some Neck;he and Wood also contributed guitar and backing vocals to "Truly" onIan McLagan's 1979 albumTroublemaker(re-released in 2005 asHere Comes Trouble).[73]

Since the 1980s, Richards has made more frequent guest appearances. In 1981 he played on reggae singerMax Romeo's albumHolding Out My Love to You.He has worked withTom Waitson three occasions: adding guitar and backing vocals to Waits's albumRain Dogs(1985); co-writing, playing on, and sharing the lead vocal on "That Feel" onBone Machine(1992); and adding guitar and vocals toBad As Me(2011). In 1986 Richards produced and played onAretha Franklin's rendition of "Jumpin' Jack Flash"and served as musical producer and band leader (or, as he phrased it," S&M director ")[76]for theChuck BerryfilmHail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll.[73]

In the 1990s and 2000s, Richards continued to contribute to a wide range of musical projects as a guest artist. A few of the notable sessions he has done include guitar and vocals on Johnnie Johnson's 1991 releaseJohnnie B. Bad,which he also co-produced; and lead vocals and guitar on "Oh Lord, Don't Let Them Drop That Atomic Bomb on Me" on the 1992Charles Mingustribute albumWeird Nightmare.He duetted with country legendGeorge Joneson "Say It's Not You" on theBradley Barn Sessions(1994); a second duet from the same sessions, "Burn Your Playhouse Down", appeared on Jones's 2008 releaseBurn Your Playhouse Down – The Unreleased Duets.He partnered withLevon Helmon "Deuce and a Quarter" forScotty Moore's albumAll the King's Men(1997). His guitar and lead vocals are featured on theHank Williamstribute albumTimeless(2001) and on veteran blues guitaristHubert Sumlin's albumAbout Them Shoes(2005). Richards also added guitar and vocals toToots & the Maytals' recording of "Careless Ethiopians" for their 2004 albumTrue Love,which won theGrammy AwardforBest Reggae Album.[77]Additionally, in December 2007 Richards released a download-only Christmas single viaiTunesof "Run Rudolph Run";and theB-sidewas a 2003 recorded version of the famousreggaesong "Pressure Drop"featuringToots Hibbertsinging with Richards backed by originalMaytalsband members Jackie Jackson andPaul Douglas.[73]

Rare and unreleased recordings

In 2005, the Rolling Stones releasedRarities 1971–2003,which includes some rare and limited-issue recordings, but Richards has described the band's released output as the "tip of the iceberg".[78]Many of the band's unreleased songs and studiojam sessionsare widelybootlegged,as are numerous Richards solo recordings, including his 1977Torontostudio sessions, some 1981 studio sessions, and tapes made during his 1983 wedding trip to Mexico.[73]

Public image and personal life

Relationships and family

Richards was romantically involved with Italian-born actressAnita Pallenberg(d. 13 June 2017)[79]from 1967 to 1979, after which they remained cordial. Together they have a son, Marlon Leon Sundeep (named after the actorMarlon Brando), born in 1969,[80]and a daughter, Angela (originally named Dandelion), born in 1972.[81]Their third child, a son named Tara Jo Jo Gunne—after Richards's and Pallenberg's friend,GuinnessheirTara Browne,and theChuck BerrysongJo Jo Gunne—died aged just over two months, of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), on 6 June 1976.[82]Richards was away on tour at the time, something he said has haunted him since.[83][84]He was criticised at the time for performing that night after learning of the death, but he later said it was the only way he could cope.[85]Before they became romantically linked, Pallenberg had been involved with his fellow Rolling Stones bandmate and close friend Brian Jones. The two became a couple on a trip to Morocco that Jones had to abandon when he fell ill; the subsequent relationship between Richards and Pallenberg weighed heavily on Jones, and strained his relationship with the rest of the Rolling Stones.[86]

Richards met his wife, modelPatti Hansen,in 1979. They married on 18 December 1983, Richards's 40th birthday, and have two daughters,Theodora DupreeandAlexandra Nicole,born in 1985 and 1986, respectively. In September 2014 Richards published a children's book with Theodora,Gus and Me: The Story of My Granddad and My First Guitar.Theodora was reported as contributing pen and ink illustrations for the book, which was inspired by the man she was named after (Richards's grandfather Theodore Augustus Dupree).[87]

He has five grandchildren, three from his son Marlon and two from his daughter Angela.[88]

Friendship with Mick Jagger

See also:Jagger–Richards
Jagger (left) and Richards (right) performing in the Rolling Stones'second appearanceat Hyde Park on 6 July 2013. Their first appearance there was on5 July 1969.

Richards's relationship with bandmate Mick Jagger is frequently described as "love/hate"by the media.[89][90]Richards himself said in a 1998 interview: "I think of our differences as a family squabble. If I shout and scream at him, it's because no one else has the guts to do it or else they're paid not to do it. At the same time I'd hope Mick realises that I'm a friend who is just trying to bring him into line and do what needs to be done."[91]Richards, along with Johnny Depp, tried unsuccessfully to persuade Jagger to appear inPirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides,alongside Depp and Richards.[92]

Richards's autobiography,Life,was published on 26 October 2010.[93]Eleven days prior to its release, theAssociated Presspublished an article stating that in the book Richards refers to Jagger as "unbearable" and notes that their relationship has been strained "for decades".[94]His opinion softening by 2015, Richards still said Jagger could come off as a "snob" but added, "I still love him dearly... your friends don't have to be perfect."[95]

Drug use and arrests

Music journalistNick Kentattached to RichardsLord Byron's epithet of "mad, bad, and dangerous to know". Jagger thought that Richards's image had "contributed to him becoming a junkie".[96]In 1994, Richards said his image was "like a long shadow... Even though that was nearly twenty years ago, you cannot convince some people that I'm not a mad drug addict."[97]

Richards's notoriety for illicit drug use stems in part from several drug busts during the late 1960s and 1970s and his candour about using heroin and other substances. Richards has been tried on drug-related charges five times: in 1967, twice in 1973, in 1977, and in 1978.[98][99]The first trial – the only one culminating in a prison sentence[99]– resulted from aFebruary 1967 police raidonRedlands,Richards'sSussexestate, where he and some friends, including Jagger, were spending the weekend.[100]The subsequent arrest of Richards and Jagger put them on trial before theBritish courts,whilst also trying them in the court of public opinion. On 29 June 1967, Jagger was sentenced to three months' imprisonment for possession of four amphetamine tablets. Richards was found guilty of allowing cannabis to be smoked on his property and sentenced to one year in prison.[101]Both Jagger and Richards were imprisoned at that point: Jagger was taken toBrixton Prisonin south London,[102]and Richards toWormwood Scrubs Prisonin west London.[103]Both were released on bail the next day pending appeal.[104]On 1 July,The Timesran an editorial entitled "Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?",portraying Jagger's sentence as persecution, and public sentiment against the convictions increased.[105]A month later the appeals court overturned Richards's conviction for lack of evidence, and gave Jagger aconditional discharge.[106]

On 27 February 1977, while Richards was staying in a Toronto hotel, then known as theHarbour Castle HiltononQueen's Quay East,theRoyal Canadian Mounted Policefound heroin in his room and charged him with "possession of heroin for the purpose of trafficking" – an offence that at that time could result in prison sentences of seven years to life under theNarcotic Control Act.[107]His passport was confiscated, and Richards and his family remained in Toronto until 1 April, when Richards was allowed to enter the United States on a medical visa for treatment of heroin addiction.[108]The charge against him was later reduced to "simple possession of heroin".[109]

For the next two years, Richards lived under threat of criminal sanction. Throughout this period he remained active with the Rolling Stones, recording their biggest-selling studio album,Some Girls,and touring North America. Richards was tried in October 1978, pleading guilty to possession of heroin.[110][111]He was given a suspended sentence and put on probation for one year, with orders to continue treatment for heroin addiction and to perform a benefit concert on behalf of theCanadian National Institute for the Blindafter a blind fan testified on his behalf.[112]Although the prosecution had filed an appeal of the sentence, Richards performed two CNIB benefit concerts atOshawa Civic Auditoriumon 22 April 1979; both shows featured the Rolling Stones and the New Barbarians.[113]In September 1979, theOntario Court of Appealupheld the original sentence.[114]

In 2016, he stated that he still occasionally drinks alcohol and consumeshashishand cannabis.[115]In 2022, he revealed that he quit smoking in 2020.[116]

Other details

Richards owns Redlands, a Sussex estate he purchased in 1966, as well as homes inWeston, Connecticut,and in the private resort island ofParrot Cay,Turks & Caicos.[117][118]His primary home is in Weston.[119][120][121]In June 2013, Richards said that he would retire with his family to Parrot Cay or Jamaica if he knew his death was coming.[122]However, in November 2016, he said, "I'd like to croak magnificently, onstage."[115]Richards is an avid reader with a strong interest in history, and owns an extensive library.[123][124]An April 2010 article revealed that Richards yearns to be a librarian.[125]

Richards is fond ofshepherd's pie,a British traditional dish.[126]Stuart Cablerecollected that while drummer for theStereophonics,he was confronted by Richards because he had served himself a piece of the shepherd's pie meant for Richards.[127]The dish was also mentioned by Richards in his autobiography, advising readers to add more onions after cooking the meat filling to enhance the pie's flavour.[126]

21st century

On 27 April 2006, while inFiji,Richards slipped off the branch of a dead tree (erroneously reported by the international press as a coconut tree)[citation needed]and suffered a head injury. He subsequently underwent cranial surgery at a New Zealand hospital.[128]The incident delayed the Rolling Stones' 2006 European tour for six weeks and forced the band to reschedule several shows. The revised tour schedule included a brief statement from Richards apologising for "falling off my perch".[129]The band made up most of the postponed dates in 2006, and toured Europe in 2007 to make up the remainder. In a video message in late 2013 as part of the On Fire tour, Richards gave his thanks to the surgeons in New Zealand who treated him, remarking, "I left half my brain there."[130]

In August 2006, Richards was granted a pardon byArkansasgovernorMike Huckabeefor a 1975 reckless driving citation.[131][132]

ActorJohnny Depphas stated that his character in the movie franchisePirates of the Caribbeanis loosely based on Richards and theWarner Bros.cartoon characterPepe Le Pew,[133]with both serving as the inspiration for the manner of the character.[134][135]This combination of influences originally raised concerns withDisneycorporate executives, who questioned if the character was supposed to be drunk and gay, withMichael Eisnerfearing that he was "ruining the movie".[136]In the third installment of thePirates of the Caribbeanseries,At World's End,Richards playedCaptain Edward Teague,later reprising the role inPirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides,the fourth film in the series (2011).[134][137]

In 2012, Richards joined the 11th annual Independent Music Awards judging panel to assist independent musicians' careers.[138]

In a 2015 interview with theNew YorkDaily News,Richards expressed his dislike forrapandhip hop,deeming them for "tone deaf"[50]people and consisting of "a drum beat and somebody yelling over it".[139][140]In the same interview he calledMetallicaandBlack Sabbath"great jokes" and bemoaned the lack ofsyncopationin most rock and roll, claiming it "sounds like a dull thud to me". He also said he stopped being a Beatles fan in 1967 when they visited theMaharishi Mahesh Yogi,[95]but this did not prevent him from playing bass in John Lennon's pickup band The Dirty Mac for a performance of the Beatles' song "Yer Blues"in the Stones'Rock and Roll Circusin December 1968.

For the weekend of 23 September 2016, Richards, together with directorJulien Temple,[141]curated and hosted a three-night programme onBBC FourtitledLost Weekend.[142]Richards's choices consisted of his favourite 1960s comedy shows, cartoons and thrillers, interspersed with interviews, rare musical performances and night imagery. This 'televisual journey' was the first of its kind on British TV. Temple also directed a documentary,The Origin of the Species,about Richards's childhood in post-war England and his musical roots.

Tributes for other artists

Richards paying tribute to fellow musiciansChuck BerryandLeonard Cohenat the first annual PEN Awards in theJFK Presidential LibraryinBoston,Massachusetts, 16 February 2012

From the start of his career, Richards has made appearances to pay tribute to those artists with whom he has formed friendships and those who have inspired and encouraged him. After the earliest success of the band, who playedcover songsof American blues artists, while he and Jagger were just beginning their own songwriting, the Rolling Stones visited the States to pay back, in his words, "that's where that fame bit comes in handy". Since that time, he has performed on many occasions to show appreciation toward them. Among these, he has appeared withNorah Jonesin a tribute concert forGram Parsonsin 2006, playing guitar and singing a duet, "Love Hurts".On 12 March 2007 Richards attended theRock & Roll Hall of Fameceremony to inductthe Ronettes;he also played guitar during the ceremony's all-star jam session.[73]On 26 February 2012 Richards paid tribute to fellow musiciansChuck BerryandLeonard Cohen,who were the recipients of the first annual PEN Awards for songwriting excellence at theJFK Presidential Libraryin Boston, Massachusetts.[143]

Richards is interviewed on screen and appears in performance footage in the 2005 documentary filmMake It Funky!,which presents a history ofNew Orleans musicand its influence onrhythm and blues,rock and roll,funkandjazz.[144]In the film, Richards said that New Orleans musicians "put the roll into rock". He also performed theFats Dominosong "I'm Ready" with the house band.[145]

In an April 2007 interview forNMEmagazine, music journalistMark Beaumontasked Richards what the strangest thing he ever snorted was,[146]and quoted him as replying: "My father. I snorted my father. He was cremated and I couldn't resist grinding him up with a little bit of blow. My dad wouldn't have cared... It went down pretty well, and I'm still alive."[147][148]In the media uproar that followed, Richards's manager said that the anecdote had been meant as a joke;[149]Beaumont toldUncutmagazine that the interview had been conducted by international telephone and that he had misquoted Richards at one point (reporting that Richards had said he listens toMotörhead,when what he had said wasMozart), but that he believed the ash-snorting anecdote was true.[146][150]MusicianJay Farrarfrom the bandSon Voltwrote a song titled 'Cocaine And Ashes', which was inspired by Richards's drug habits.[151]The incident was also referenced in the 2017 song "Mr Charisma" byThe Waterboys,featuring the lyrics: "Hey Mr Charisma, what will your next trick be? SlaggingSgt Pepper,snorting your old man's bones, or falling out of a tree? "

Doris Richards, his mother, died of cancer at the age of 91 in England on 21 April 2007. An official statement released by a family representative stated that Richards kept a vigil by her bedside during her last days.[152][153]

Richards made acameo appearanceas Captain Teague, the father of CaptainJack Sparrow(played by Johnny Depp), inPirates of the Caribbean: At World's End,released in May 2007,[154]and won the Best Celebrity Cameo award at the 2007 Spike Horror Awards for the role.[155] Depp has stated that he based many of Sparrow's mannerisms on Richards.[154][156][157]Richards reprised his role inPirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides,released in May 2011.

Richards with the Rolling Stones during the50 & Counting Tourin December 2012

In March 2008, the fashion houseLouis Vuittonunveiled an advertising campaign featuring a photo of Richards with his ebonyGibson ES-355,taken by photographerAnnie Leibovitz.Richards donated the fee for his involvement tothe Climate Project,an organisation for raising environmental awareness.[158]

On 28 October 2008, Richards appeared at the Musicians' Hall of Fame induction ceremony inNashville,Tennessee,joining the newly inductedthe Cricketson stage for performances of "Peggy Sue","Not Fade Away",and"That'll Be the Day".[159][160]

In August 2009, Richards was ranked at No. 4 inTimemagazine's list of the 10 best electric guitar players of all time.[161]In September 2009 Richards toldRolling Stonemagazine that in addition to anticipating a new Rolling Stones album, he had done some recording withJack White:"I enjoy working with Jack", he said. "We've done a couple of tracks."[162]On 17 October 2009 Richards received the Rock Immortal Award atSpike TV's Scream 2009 awards ceremony at theGreek Theatre, Los Angeles;the award was presented by Johnny Depp.[163]"I liked the living legend, that was all right", Richards said, referring to an award he received in 1989,[164]"but immortal is even better."[165]

In 2009, a book of Richards's quotations was published, titledWhat Would Keith Richards Do?: Daily Affirmations from a Rock 'n' Roll Survivor.[166]

In August 2007, Richards signed a publishing deal for his autobiography,[167]Life,which was released on 26 October 2010.[93]

Richards appeared in the 2011 documentaryToots and the Maytals: Reggae Got Soul,which was featured on theBBCand described as "the untold story of one of the most influential artists ever to come out of Jamaica".[168][169]

Honours

In 2010,David FrickeofRolling Stonemagazine referred to Richards as the creator of "rock's greatest single body of riffs" on guitar,[170]and the magazine ranked him fourth on its list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time.[171]Rolling Stonealso lists fourteen songs he co-wrote with Jagger on its "500 Greatest Songs of All Time"list.[172]

In 2023,Tom Waitshonored his friend with a poem, "Burnt Toast To Keith".[173]That same year, Richards was honoured in Dartford with a statue.[174]

Musical equipment

See also:Instruments played by the Rolling Stones

Guitars

Richards playing "Micawber", a 1953Fender Telecaster,in 2006

Richards has a collection of approximately 3,000 guitars.[175]Even though he has used many different guitar models, Richards joked in a 1986Guitar Worldinterview that, no matter what model he plays, "[G]ive me five minutes and I'll make 'em all sound the same."[41]Richards has often thankedLeo Fender,and other guitar manufacturers for making the instruments, as he did during the induction ceremony of the Rolling Stones into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Guitars
Type Notes Ref
Harmony Meteor Richards' main guitar in the early years of the Rolling Stones. It was retired in 1964 when he acquired his Les Paul Standard. [176]
1959Gibson Les PaulStandard Richards acquired this instrument, fitted with a Bigsby tailpiece, in 1964.[177]The guitar was the first "star-owned" Les Paul in Britain and served as one of Richards's main instruments through 1966.[178]He later sold the guitar to future Rolling Stones bandmate Mick Taylor.[179]
1961Epiphone Casino Richards first used this instrument in May 1964, shortly before the Stones' first tour of North America. The guitar (along with the 1959 Les Paul Standard) was used frequently by Richards until 1966. [180][181][182][183]
1965Gibson FirebirdVII During the mid-1960s Richards and Brian Jones were often seen with matching Firebird VIIs in vintage sunburst. [184]
1957 Gibson Les Paul Custom In 1966 Richards acquired a 1957 Les Paul Custom,[185]and hand-painted it with psychedelic patterns in 1968. It served as his main stage and studio guitar from 1966 through the end of the Rolling Stones' 1971 UK tour. The guitar was probably stolen during theNellcôteburglary in July 1971, and ended up in the hands of a collector in the mid-1990s.[citation needed]
1950s Gibson Les Paul Custom "Black Beauty" He acquired a second late 1950s Gibson Les Paul Custom "Black Beauty" in 1969 to use in open-G tuning on the 1969 and 1970 tour.[186]
Gibson ES-355s Richards used this semi-hollow model on stage during the Rolling Stones' 1969 tour;[187]it was a favourite for both Richards and Taylor during recording sessions forSticky FingersandExile on Main St..Richards has used ES-355s on every tour since 1997. In 2006, he also unveiled a white Gibson ES-345.[188][189]
Gibson Les Paul Juniors Richards has regularly used both single-cutaway and double-cutaway Juniors since 1973. The one he is most frequently seen with is a TV-yellow double-cutaway instrument nicknamed "Dice", which he has used since 1979. On recent tours he has used this guitar for "Midnight Rambler"and"Out of Control". [190][191]
1953Fender Telecaster The guitar most associated with Richards, he acquired this butterscotch Telecaster in 1971. Nicknamed "Micawber",after a character inCharles Dickens' novelDavid Copperfield,[48]it is set up for five-string open-G tuning (-GDGBD), and has an aftermarket bridge made of brass, with individual saddles rather than the three the original bridge would have had. Richards has removed the saddle for the low string.[48]The neck pick-up has been replaced by Ted Newman Jones with aGibson PAF humbucking pick-up,and the bridge pick-up has been replaced by a Fenderlap steelpick-up (similar to aFender Broadcasterpick-up). "Micawber" is one of Richards's main stage guitars, and is often used to play "Brown Sugar", "Before They Make Me Run",and"Honky Tonk Women".[192]
1954 Fender Telecaster A second Telecaster, also set up by Ted Newman Jones, nicknamed both "Malcolm" and "Number 2". It is also modified for 5-string open-G tuning with the same bridge setup as Micawber and has a Gibson PAF pick-up in the neck position. It has a natural finish, and the wood grain is visible. [192]
1967 Fender Telecaster This third Telecaster used for five-string open-G playing is a dark sunburst model, which is also fitted with a Gibson PAF pick-up. The PAF on this guitar has had its cover removed, exposing the bobbins.[192]Richards has used this guitar on stage for many songs, including "You Can't Always Get What You Want"and"Tumbling Dice".[193]
1958Fender Stratocaster Fellow Rolling Stones guitarist Ronnie Wood gave Richards his 1958 Mary Kaye Signature Stratocaster after the band's 1982 tour. The guitar is finished in see-through blond and fitted with gold hardware.[192]Richards has used this guitar onstage for "You Don't Have to Mean It" and "Miss You".[citation needed]
1975Fender Telecaster Custom Richards first used this guitar on the Rolling Stones' 1975Tour of the Americas,and it was his main stage and recording guitar until 1986. It was later adapted for five-string open-G tuning, and reappeared on stage in 2005. [194]
AmpegDan Armstrongplexiglas guitar This Dan Armstrong guitar was given to Richards during rehearsals for the 1969 tour[195]and became one of his main stage and studio guitars until it was stolen during theNellcôteburglary in July 1971. For the 1972 tour, he purchased two new Dan Armstrong guitars, which he only used during the first couple of shows. Fitted with a custom-made "sustained treble" humbucker pick-up, he used the guitar mainly in standard tuning. It can be heard on "Carol", "Sympathy for the Devil", and "Midnight Rambler" onGet Yer Ya-Ya's Out.On the 1970 tour Richards added a second Dan Armstrong guitar fitted with a "rock treble" pick-up.[citation needed]
Gibson Hummingbird Played since the late 1960s. [196]
ZemaitisFive-String Custom-made in 1974 by BritishluthierTony Zemaitis,the guitar nicknamed both "Macabre" and "the Pirate Zemaitis" was decorated with skulls, a pistol, and a dagger. Richards used it as his main open-G guitar from 1975 to 1978, when it was destroyed in a fire at his rented Los Angeles home. Richards used a Japanese-made replica on the 2005–2006 tour. [197]
Newman-Jones custom guitars Texas luthier Ted Newman-Jones made several custom five-string instruments that Richards used on the 1973 tours ofAustralasiaand Europe. Richards used another Newman-Jones custom model on the 1979 New Barbarians tour. [198]

Amplifiers

Richards's amplifier preferences have changed repeatedly. However, he is a long-time proponent of using low-powered amps in the studio. He achieves clarity plusdistortionby using two amps: a larger one (such as aFender Twin) which runs clean, along with aFender Champ,which is overdriven.[199]To record "Crosseyed Heart", Richards used a stock tweed Fender Champ with 8 "speaker coupled with a modifiedFender Harvard.[200]

Some of his notable amplifiers are:

  • Mesa/BoogieMark 1 A804 – Used between 1977 and 1993, this 100-watt 1x12 "combo is finished in hardwood with a wicker grille. It can be heard on the Rolling Stones albumsLove You Live,Some Girls,Emotional Rescue,andTattoo You,as well as on Richards's two solo albums,Talk is CheapandMain Offender.This amplifier was handcrafted by Randall Smith and delivered to Richards in March 1977.[201]
  • Fender Twin – Since the 1990s, Richards has tended to use a variety of Fender "tweed" Twins on stage. Containing a pair of 12 "speakers, the Fender Twin was, by 1958, an 80-watt all-tube guitar amplifier. Richards has utilised a pair of Fender Twins" to achieve his signature clean/dirty rhythm and lead sound. "[202]
  • Fender Dual Showman– First acquired in 1964. Richards made frequent use of his blackface Dual Showman amp through mid-1966. Used to recordThe Rolling Stones, Now!,Out of Our Heads,December's Children,andAftermathbefore switching over to various prototype amplifiers fromVoxin 1967 and the fairly newHiwattin 1968.[203]
  • Ampeg SVT – With 350 watts, the Ampeg SVT amp's midrange control, midrange shift switch, input pads, treble control with bright switch shaped the guitar sound of 1970s live Stones. Used live by the Stones for guitar, bass, and organ (Leslie) from 1969 to 1978. For a brief period in 1972 and 1973, Ampeg V4 and VT40 amps shared duties in the studio with Fender Twin and Deluxe Reverb amps.[203]

Effects

Richards during the Rolling StonesVoodoo Lounge World Tour,Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1995

In 1965, Richards used a Gibson Maestrofuzzboxto achieve the distinctive tone of his riff on "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction";[204]the success of the resulting single boosted the sales of the device to the extent that all available stock had sold out by the end of 1965.[205]In the 1970s and early 1980s Richards frequently used guitar effects such as awah-wah pedal,aphaser,and aLeslie speaker,[206]but he has mainly relied on combining "the right amp with the right guitar" to achieve the sound he wants.[207]

Discography

Main article:Keith Richards discography

Filmography

Film
Year Title Role Notes
1969 Man on Horseback Soldier
2002 The Simpsons Himself "How I Spent My Strummer Vacation" (voice)
2007 Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End Captain Teague AwardedScream Awardfor Best Cameo
2011 Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides Nominated—People's Choice Awardfor Favorite Ensemble Movie Cast
Nominated—Scream Awardfor Best Cameo
2011 Toots and the Maytals:Reggae Got Soul Himself Documentary[168]
2012 Rolling Stones: One More Shot Himself TV movie
2015 Keith Richards: Under the Influence Himself TV movie

Bibliography

  • 2010:Life
  • 2014:Gus & Me:The Story of My Granddad and My First Guitar

Notes

  1. ^In the early years of the band's career, the name "Keith" was widely pronounced and written in the press and on Stones' album covers, as "Keef",a case ofth-frontingthat would eventually fade. See McNair (2005), di Perna (2012). In mid-1963, as part of his effort to rework the Rolling Stones' image,Andrew Loog Oldhamadvised Richards drop thesfrom his name, making itKeith Richard.[1][2]The change was not official and was assumed only as astage name.[3]In 1978, Richards switched back to using his legal name in all public and private contexts.[4]

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Works cited

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