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Kenilworth

Coordinates:52°20′28″N1°33′58″W/ 52.341°N 1.566°W/52.341; -1.566
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For other uses, seeKenilworth (disambiguation).

Kenilworth
Clock tower at the junction of The Square, Smalley Place and Abbey End
Kenilworth is located in Warwickshire
Kenilworth
Kenilworth
Location withinWarwickshire
Population22,538 (2021 Census)[1]
OS grid referenceSP2971
Civil parish
  • Kenilworth
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townKENILWORTH
Postcode districtCV8
Dialling code01926
PoliceWarwickshire
FireWarwickshire
AmbulanceWest Midlands
UK Parliament
Websitehttps://www.kenilworthweb.co.uk/
List of places
UK
England
Warwickshire
52°20′28″N1°33′58″W/ 52.341°N 1.566°W/52.341; -1.566

Kenilworth(/ˈkɛnɪlwərθ/KEN-il-wərth) is a market town andcivil parishin theWarwick DistrictinWarwickshire,England, 6 miles (10 km) south-west ofCoventryand 5 miles (8 km) north ofWarwick.The town lies onFinham Brook,a tributary of theRiver Sowe,which joins theRiver Avon2 miles (3 km) north-east of the town. At the2021 Census,the population was 22,538.[1]The town is home to the ruins ofKenilworth CastleandKenilworth Abbey.

History[edit]

Medieval and Tudor[edit]

Kenilworth Castle
The ruins of the gatehouse ofKenilworth Abbey

A settlement existed at Kenilworth by the time of the 1086Domesday Book,which records it asChinewrde.[2]

Geoffrey de Clinton(died 1134) initiated the building of anAugustinian prioryin 1122,[3]which coincided with his initiation ofKenilworth Castle.[4]The priory was raised to the rank of anabbeyin 1450[3]and suppressed with theDissolution of the Monasteriesin the 1530s. Thereafter, theabbey groundsnext to the castle were madecommon landin exchange for whatRobert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicesterused to enlarge the castle. Only a few walls and a storage barn of the original abbey survive.

Abbey Fields

During theMiddle Ages,Kenilworth played a significant role in the history of England: Between June and December1266,as part of theSecond Barons' War,Kenilworth Castle underwenta six-month siege,when baronial forces allied toSimon de Montfort,were besieged in the castle by the Royalist forces led byPrince Edward,this is thought to be the longestsiegein Medieval English history. Despite numerous efforts at taking the castle, its defences proved impregnable. Whilst the siege was ongoingKing Henry IIIheld a Parliament at Kenilworth in August that year, which resulted in theDictum of Kenilworth;a conciliatory document which set out peace terms to end the conflict between the barons and the monarchy. The barons initially refused to accept, but hunger and disease eventually forced them to surrender, and accept the terms of the Dictum.[5][6]

During theWars of the Rosesin the15th century,Kenilworth Castle served as an importantLancastrianbase in the Midlands: The Lancastrian KingHenry VIand his wife,Margaret of Anjouspent much time here.[7]

Theparish church of St Nicholas,whereElizabeth Iworshipped in 1575 andJames Ivisited in 1616

Elizabeth IvisitedRobert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicesterat Kenilworth Castle several times, the last in 1575. Dudley entertained the Queen with pageants and banquets costing some £1,000 per day that surpassed anything seen in England before.[8][9]These included fireworks.[10]

Near the castle there is a group of thatched cottages called 'Little Virginia': According to local legend they gained this name because the firstpotatoesbrought to England by SirWalter Raleighfrom theNew Worldwere planted and grown here in the 16th century. Modern historians however consider this unlikely, and have suggested that the name may have originated from early colonists to America returning to England fromVirginia.[11][12]

17th and 18th centuries[edit]

During theEnglish Civil War,Kenilworth Castle, was occupied byParliamentarians,after theRoyalistgarrison was withdrawn. After the end of the war, the castle's defences wereslightedon the orders of Parliament in 1649, after which the castle became a ruin.[5][13]

In 1778Kenilworth windmillwas built. In 1884, it was converted into awater tower,by the addition of a large water tank on the top of the tower in the place of the sails. It continued to be the town's main water supply until 1939, and finally became disused in 1960. It is still a local landmark, but is now a private home.[14]

19th century to present[edit]

With the demise of the defensive role of the castle, Kenilworth had ceased to be a place of national significance, butSir Walter Scott's 1821 novelKenilworthbrought it back to public attention, and helped establish the ruins of the castle as a major tourist attraction.[5][15]

In the early 19th century Kenilworth was known for its horncombmaking industry, which peaked in the 1830s.[5][16]

Kenilworth was revolutionised by the arrival in 1844 of therailwayto the town, when theLondon and Birmingham Railwayopened theCoventry to Leamington Line,includingKenilworth railway station.The station was rebuilt in 1884 and a new link line was opened between Kenilworth andBerkswellto bypassCoventry.This closed to all traffic on 3 March 1969.[17]The railway station was located to the south of theFinham Brookvalley, and this caused the focus of settlement at Kenilworth to move south, away from the castle, and nearer to the railway station. Industrialists fromBirminghamandCoventryarrived, developing the area around the town's railway station with residential and commercial buildings. In the 19th century Kenilworth had some fine largemansionswith landscaped gardens; these were demolished after theFirst World WarandSecond World Warto make way for housing developments. The railway also brought a number of new industries to Kenilworth, such astanning,brickmaking, and chemicals, and also caused substantial growth in Kenilworth'smarket gardening,which became known for producing crops such as tomatoes and strawberries.[15][16]

Parish church of St John the Evangelist

The town's growth occasioned the addition of a secondChurch of England parish church,St John's, which is on Warwick Road in Knights Meadow. It was designed byEwan Christianand built in 1851–1852 as aGothic Revivalbuilding with a south-westbell towerandbroach spire.[18]By the 1870s Kenilworth's population had exceeded 4,000.[15]

Photograph of Albion Street & Albion Tavern

In 1869, localwhitesmithand engineerEdward Langley Fardondemonstrated the first bicycle withwire-spoked wheelsand rubber tyres, riding from Warwick Road toLeek Wootton.[19]

DuringThe BlitzinWorld War IIon the night of 21 November 1940, a German aircraft dropped twoparachute mineson Kenilworth; the large explosions in the Abbey End area demolished a number of buildings, killing 25 people, and injuring 70 more. The bomb damaged area of the town was redeveloped in the 1960s.[20][5]

In May 1961, the Kenilworth Society was formed over concerns about protecting a group of 17th-century listed cottages adjacent to Finham Brook in Bridge Street.[21]The Society sets out to promote awareness of Kenilworth's character and encourage its preservation.

British Railwithdrew passenger services from the Coventry to Leamington Line and closed Kenilworth Station in January 1965 in line withThe Reshaping of British Railwaysreport. In May 1977, British Rail reinstated passenger services, but did not reopen Kenilworth station, which became derelict and was eventually demolished. In 2011 Warwick Council grantedJohn Laing plcplanning permission to build a new station,[22]It finally reopened in 2018.[23]

In the early 1980s, the town's name was used by one of the first generation of computer retailers, a company called Kenilworth Computers based near the Clock Tower, for its repackaging of theNascommicrocomputer, with the selling point that it was robust enough to be used by agriculture.[24]

Kenilworth was struck byan F0/T1 tornadoon 23 November 1981, as part of the record-breaking nationwide outbreak on that day.[25]

Geography[edit]

Map of Kenilworth

Kenilworth has several suburbs, including Borrowell, Castle Green, Crackley, Ladyes Hill, Mill End, Park Hill, St Johns, Whitemoor and Windy Arbour. The town has good transport links to Coventry,Warwick,Leamington SpaandBirmingham.[26]

Amenities[edit]

Talisman Square

The principal shopping area of Kenilworth is around Warwick Street, Abbey End and Talisman Square, a 1960s shopping precinct. In 2008, the Square was modernised and partly redeveloped to include a newWaitrosesupermarket.[27][28]Kenilworth has been aFairtrade Townsince 2007.[29]The town's public library underwent a renovation in 2021.[30]The Cross,a local pub-restaurant, received aMichelin starin 2015.[31]

Near the centre of Kenilworth isAbbey Fields,a publicparkwhich covers 68 acres (28 hectares) within the valley ofFinham Brook.Abbey Fields contains the ruins of the historic Kenilworth Abbey as well as St Nicholas Church. It contains public amenities such as a swimming pool, a lake, a children's play area and heritage trails.[32][33]There are several further public open spaces in Kenilworth, including Kenilworth Common, an area of historiccommon landcovering 30 acres (12 hectares).[34][35]Parliament Piece, a field and nature reserve covering 14 acres (5.7 hectares), was where, according to legend, KingHenry IIIheld a Parliament in 1266.[36]Knowle Hill Nature Reserve, managed by theWarwickshire Wildlife Trust,is found near the Common and covers 9.7 acres (3.9 hectares).[37]

Landmarks[edit]

In the centre of Kenilworth stands aKugel ballwater feature, called the Millennium Globe.[38]

Kenilworth's clock tower (pictured at top of article) is an important local landmark. It was first built in 1906–1907 by a notable local benefactor, George Marshall Turner, as a memorial for his late wife. It stands in a roundabout in the town centre. The top part of the tower was severely damaged in 1940 by World War II bombing and had to be pulled down, it was fully restored in the 1970s. The clock tower islocally listedas a heritage asset byWarwick District Council.[39][40]

Governance[edit]

Jubilee House, Smalley Place: Headquarters of Kenilworth Town Council

There are three tiers of local government covering Kenilworth, at parish (town), district and county level: Kenilworth Town Council,Warwick District CouncilandWarwickshire County Council.The town council is based at Jubilee House on Smalley Place in the town centre.[41]

Kenilworth gained alocal board of healthin 1877, which was converted into anUrban District Councilin 1894.[16]Under local government reforms in1974Kenilworth Urban District was merged into the newWarwick Districtalong withWarwickandLeamington Spa.The former urban district of Kenilworth was then reconstituted as asuccessor parishwith aTown (parish) Council.[42]

Since 2010, Kenilworth has been part of the Parliamentary constituency ofKenilworth and Southam;prior to that it was part ofRugby and Kenilworth.

Transport[edit]

The newKenilworth railway station,reopened in 2018

Kenilworth railway stationis situated on theCoventry to Leamington Spa line.The original station was closed in 1965 and later demolished; in April 2018, a new station was opened.West Midlands Trainsoperates services toNuneaton,CoventryandLeamington Spa.[43]

Warwick Parkwaystation is located nearby, which hostsChiltern Railwayservices betweenLondon Marylebone,Birmingham Snow HillandStourbridge Junction.

TheA46bypass opened in June 1974.[44]BothBirmingham Airportand theM6,M42andM40motorwaysare within 12 miles (19 km) of the town.

Media[edit]

Local news and television programmes are provided byBBC MidlandsandITV Central.Television signals are received from theSutton ColdfieldTV transmitter.[45]

Local radio stations areBBC CWR,Capital Mid-Counties,Hits Radio Coventry & Warwickshire,Fresh (Coventry & Warwickshire),Heart West Midlands,Smooth West Midlands,Greatest Hits Radio Midlandsand Radio Abbey, a community based station.[46]

The town is served by two local newspapers, theKenilworth Weekly News[47]and theLeamington Observer(formerlyKenilworth Observer).[48]

Sport[edit]

  • Kenilworth Town FC, located in Gypsy Lane in the south of the town, played in theMidland Combinationuntil June 2011, when it resigned,[49]preferring to spend money on ground improvements rather than fielding a team. It re-entered theEnglish football pyramidin the 2013–14 season and was placed in theMidland Football LeagueDivision 3, the 12th highest tier in the English league system. The stay, however, was brief; the first team again resigned shortly afterwards. The Gypsy Lane ground was purchased in 2018 by Coventry Plumbing F.C., which demolished the clubhouse and built a new one, before starting the 2019–20 season there.[50][51]
  • Kenilworth Wardens FCis based at Kenilworth Wardens, a Community Amateur Sports Club in Glasshouse Lane to the east of the town.[52]
  • Kenilworth RFC is the town'srugby union club.It fields three senior sides and hosts a largeminis,juniors and colts section. The ground is also located in Glasshouse Lane.[53]
  • Kenilworth Tennis, Squash and Croquet Club, in Crackley Lane, has nine tennis courts, fivesquashandracketballcourts and twocroquetlawns.[54]
  • Kenilworth has two cricket clubs: Kenilworth Wardens in Glasshouse Lane fields five senior teams and a juniors section starting from seven years old;[55]Kenilworth Cricket Club fields three senior teams and plays at the Warwick Road ground.[56]
  • Kenilworth Runners meets at Kenilworth Sporting in Gypsy Lane. The club caters for runners of all ages and abilities.[57]
  • Octavian Droobers is the local orienteering club, using maps ofAbbey Fieldsand Kenilworth Common on which to stage events.
  • Kenilworth Wheelers meets all the year round on Saturday and Sunday morning for a road ride. During the summer months, regular evening training rides cater for all abilities from novice to racer.[58]
  • Abbey Fields Swimming Pool is inAbbey Fields.It has a 25 m by 10 m indoor pool and an outdoor pool open from May to September. It is home to Kenilworth Swimming Club and Kenilworth Masters Swimming Club.[59]
  • Kenilworth Golf Club features a mature 18-hole parkland course, plus a small six-hole par 3 course.[60]

Two Castles Run[edit]

The Two Castles Run began in 1983 as a fun run betweenWarwick Castleand Kenilworth Castle.[61]It has grown into an English Athletics-licensed run with 3,000 entrants in 2010.[62]In 2010 and 2011 it held the Warwickshire Amateur Athletic Association 10 Kilometre Championship. In 2012 all 4,000 places were sold within 25 hours. The race is organised each June by Kenilworth Rotary Club[63]in conjunction with the Leamington Cycling and Athletic Club.[64][65]

Arts[edit]

Theatres[edit]

TheTalisman Theatre and Arts Centre,founded as Talisman Players in 1942, moved to its current 156-seat premises in Barrow Road in 1969.[66]It won twelveNODAawards between 2004 and 2018.[67]

The Talisman produces around 9 main stageshowsa year including performances from theTalisman Youth Theatre.Since 2022, The Talisman Theatre has been presentingFringenights at the Holiday Inn, Kenilworth.[68]The Talisman Theatre also operates a monthlycinemanight showing recent films.

Work started in 2022 on a two-phase development of the Talisman Theatre.

ThePriory Theatre,founded in 1932 as the Kenilworth Players, uses the formerUnitarian/Christadelphianchapel, a Gothic Revival building[3]dating from 1816, which was converted into a 119-seat theatre building in 1945–1946.[69]It was gutted by fire in 1976, but restored and reopened in September 1978.[69]

Kenilworth Arts Festival[edit]

The first Kenilworth Festival was held in 1935. After a 70-year interval, it was revived locally in 2005. Between 2005 and 2015, events were held almost every year, with varying success.[70]The company became a social enterprise in 2010.[71]In 2015–16, a new team oversaw a change in direction, with a new name, branding and mission statement, as 'Kenilworth Arts Festival'.[72]

Kenilworth Arts Festival took place again on 19–28 September 2019.[73]

Education[edit]

Kenilworth is close to theUniversity of Warwickat Gibbet Hill in Coventry 2.5 miles (4.0 km) to the north.

The principal secondary school is theKenilworth School and Sixth Form.There are also a number of schools for primary age children.

Notable people[edit]

In order of birth:

Twin towns[edit]

Kenilworth istwinnedwith:

Kenilworth also has friendship links with:

References[edit]

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Sources[edit]

External links[edit]

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