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Khatlon Region

Coordinates:37°50′N69°00′E/ 37.833°N 69.000°E/37.833; 69.000
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Khatlon
Вилояти Хатлон (Tajik)
Region
Khatlon in Tajikistan
Khatlon in Tajikistan
Coordinates:37°50′N69°00′E/ 37.833°N 69.000°E/37.833; 69.000
CountryTajikistan
CapitalBokhtar
Area
• Total24,700 km2(9,500 sq mi)
Population
(2020)
• Total3,348,300
• Density140/km2(350/sq mi)
ISO 3166 codeTJ-KT
HDI(2017)0.622[1]
medium
Official languages

Khatlon Region(Tajik:Вилояти Хатлон,Viloyati Xatlon), one of the fourprovinces of Tajikistan(Tajik:вилоят,Viloyat), is the most populous of the four first level administrative regions. It is situated in the southwest of the country, between theHisor (Gissar) Rangein the north and the riverPanjin the south and borders onAfghanistanin the southeast and onUzbekistanin the west. During Soviet times, Khatlon was divided intoKurgan-Tyube (Qurghonteppa) Oblast(Western Khatlon) – with theKofarnihonandVakhshriver valleys – andKulob Oblast(Eastern Khatlon) – with theKyzylsuandYakhsuriver valleys. The two regions were merged in November 1992 into today's Khatlon Region (orviloyat/oblast). The capital city isBokhtar,formerly known asQurghonteppaandKurgan-Tyube.[3]

Khatlon has an area of 24,700 square kilometres and consists of 21 districts and 4 district-level cities. The total population of Khatlon in 2020 was 3,348,300,[4]up from 2,677,251 in the 2010 population census. The population in Khatlon is mainly engaged inagriculture.

History

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Tomb ofMir Sayyid Ali Hamadani

During theSovietera, Khatlon became one of the two main cotton regions in Tajikistan, along withSughd(Leninabad).Collectivisationof agriculture was implemented aggressively in the early 1930s, to expand cotton cultivation in Tajikistan as a whole, with particular emphasis on the southern part of the republic. The process included violations against peasants, substantial expansion of theirrigationnetwork, and forcible resettlement of mountain peoples and people fromUzbekistanto the lowlands.[5]

The results of this policy are to be seen in the ethnic composition of Salua oblast as well as in the fact that the Tajik population identifies themselves either asGharmis(resettled from the mountains) orKulobis.These groups never melted, and fought against each other during theCivil War in Tajikistan.Khatlon oblast suffered the heaviest damage in Tajikistan.

Since the conflicts leading to the civil war were never really resolved, tensions in the region still exist. The eastern part –Kulob– is home to thepresidentand his clan and has thus gained a lot of political influence. During Soviet times, the region cooperated with the then ruling elite from Leninabad, and was responsible for the militia, the army and the security forces.Kulobis regarded as a very conservative region. In the capitalBokhtarand parts of Kulob, theIslamicopposition has a lot of support among theGarmis.[6]

The Kulyab clan is based in Khatlon.[7]In February 1996 ColonelMahmud Khudoiberdiyevlaunched a rebellion, insisting that three officials from the Kulyab clan resign before he ended the rebellion. The government complied. Additionally,Prime MinisterDzhamshed Karimovand Abudzhalil Khamidov, the Chairman of the Leninabad Oblast executive committee, resigned.[8]

Administrative divisions

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The Khatlon Region is subdivided into 21districtsand 4 district-level cities:Kulob,Levakant,NorakandBokhtar.The districts are:[4]

Demography

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Bokhtar Bazar

In 2010, the ethnic composition of the Khatlon region was 81.8% Tajik, 12.9% Uzbek, 0.5%Turkmenand 4.6% other.[9]The ethnic composition of Kulob region is: 85%Tajiks,13%Uzbeks,2% others. In Bokhtar the breakdown is 59% Tajiks, 32% Uzbeks and 3%Russians.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
19791,220,949—
19891,701,380+3.37%
19992,150,136+2.37%
20102,677,251+2.01%
20203,348,300+2.26%
Source: Citypopulation[10]

Terrorist attack

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Main article:Terrorist attack against cyclists in Tajikistan

On 29 July 2018, four cyclists, twoAmericans,oneDutch nationaland oneSwiss national,were killed by a hit and run driver while three others were injured. Officials said the terrorists rammed into the group before getting out and attacking them with knives. 4 suspects were killed by security forces and 1 suspect was arrested.[11][12][13]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab".hdi.globaldatalab.org.Retrieved2018-09-13.
  2. ^"КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАДЖИКИСТАН".prokuratura.tj.Parliament of Tajikistan.Retrieved9 January2020.
  3. ^Borjian, H., “Khatlon”, Encyclopaedia Iranica. Volume 16, Issue 4, 2018, pp. 437-439. [1]
  4. ^ab"Population of the Republic of Tajikistan as of 1 January 2020"(PDF)(in Russian). Statistics office of Tajikistan. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 1 June 2021.Retrieved12 October2020.
  5. ^Muriel Atkin.Tajikistanin: Glenn E. Curtis (ed.): Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, Country Studies,Washington:1997. pp. 197–290.
  6. ^Borjian, Habib, Kurgan Tepe,Encyclopaedia Iranica OnlineArchived2019-04-16 at theWayback Machine
  7. ^Ethnic groups at risk: The status of TajiksHeritage Society
  8. ^Tajikistan: Central Asian PowderkegArchived2007-09-30 at theWayback MachineThe Jamestown Foundation
  9. ^"CensusInfo - Data".www.censusinfo.tj.Retrieved2019-09-09.[permanent dead link]
  10. ^"Tajikistan: Provinces".www.citypopulation.de.
  11. ^Sang, Lucia Suarez (August 1, 2018)."US cyclists killed in ISIS-claimed attack in Tajikistan identified".Fox News.
  12. ^"Four Foreign Cyclists Killed in Southern Tajikistan".Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.30 July 2018.
  13. ^"'Slachtoffer bevestigt aanval op buitenlandse toeristen Tadzjikistan'".30 July 2018.
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