Kinetin
This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(May 2020) |
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IUPAC name
N6-furfuryladenine
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Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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ChEBI | |
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DrugBank | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.007.622 |
EC Number |
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KEGG | |
PubChemCID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)
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Properties | |
C10H9N5O | |
Molar mass | 215.216g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Off-white powder |
Melting point | 269–271 °C (516–520 °F; 542–544 K) (decomposes) |
Structure | |
cubic | |
Related compounds | |
Related
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cytokinin |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state(at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Kinetin(/'kaɪnɪtɪn/) is acytokinin-like syntheticplant hormonethat promotescell divisionin plants.[1]Kinetin was originally isolated byCarlos O. Miller[2]andSkooget al.[3]as a compound from autoclaved herring spermDNAthat had cell division-promoting activity. It was given the name kinetin because of its ability to inducecell division,provided thatauxinwas present in the medium. Kinetin is often used inplant tissue cultureto inducecallusformation (in conjunction withauxin) and regenerateshoottissues from callus (with lowerauxinconcentration).
For a long time, it was believed that kinetin was an artifact produced from the deoxyadenosine residues inDNA,which degraded when standing for long periods or when heated during the isolation procedure. Therefore, it was thought that kinetin does not occur naturally, but since 1996, it has been shown by several researchers that kinetin exists naturally in the DNA of cells of almost all organisms tested so far, including humans and various plants. The mechanism of production of kinetin in DNA is thought to be via the production offurfural— an oxidative damage product of deoxyribose sugar in DNA — and its quenching by the adenine base's converting it into N6-furfuryladenine, kinetin.
Kinetin is also widely used in producing new plants from tissue cultures.
History
[edit]In 1939, P. A. C. Nobécourt (Paris) began the first permanent callus culture from root explants of carrots (Daucus carota). Such a culture can be kept forever by successive transplantations onto fresh nutrientagar.[citation needed]The transplantations occur every three to eight weeks. Callus cultures are not cell cultures since whole tissue associations are cultivated. Though many cells keep their ability to divide, this is not true for all. One reason for this is theaneuploidyof the nuclei and the resultant unfavourable chromosome constellations.[citation needed]
In 1941, J. van Overbeek (Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht) introduced coconut milk as a new component of nutrient media for callus cultures.[4]Coconut milkis liquid endosperm. It stimulates the embryo to grow when it is supplied with food at the same time. Results yielded from callus cultures showed that its active components stimulate the growth of foreign cells, too.
In 1954F. Skoog(University of Wisconsin, Madison) developed a technique for the generation and culture of woundtumortissue from isolated shoot parts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).[citation needed]The developing callus grows when supplied withyeastextract, coconut milk, or old DNA preparations.[citation needed]Freshly prepared DNA has no effect but becomes effective after autoclaving.[citation needed]This led to the conclusion that one of its breakdown products is required for cell growth and division. This characterized substance was namedkinetin,and was classified as aphytohormone.
References
[edit]- ^"Kinetin - Plant Growth Regulators | CliniSciences".www.clinisciences.com.Retrieved28 March2023.
- ^"Carlos Miller".Department of Biology, Indiana University.Retrieved28 March2023.
- ^Amasino, R. (2005)."1955: Kinetin Arrives. The 50th Anniversary of a New Plant Hormone".Plant Physiology.138(3): 1177–1184.doi:10.1104/pp.104.900160.PMC1176392.PMID16009993.
- ^Van Overbeek, J.; Conklin, M. E.; Blakeslee, A. F. (1941). "Factors in Coconut Milk Essential for Growth and Development of Very Young Datura Embryos".Science.94(2441): 350–1.Bibcode:1941Sci....94..350V.doi:10.1126/science.94.2441.350.PMID17729950.
- Mok, David W.S.; Mok, Machteld C., eds. (1994).Cytokinins: chemistry, activity and function.Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.ISBN978-0-8493-6252-1.
- Barciszewski, J.; Siboska, G. E.; Pedersen, B. O.; Clark, B. F.; Rattan, S. I. (1996). "Evidence for the presence of kinetin in DNA and cell extracts".FEBS Letters.393(2–3): 197–200.doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00884-8.PMID8814289.S2CID21238076.
- Barciszewski, J.; Rattan, S. I. S.; Siboska, G.; Clark, B. F. C. (1999). "Kinetin — 45 years on".Plant Science.148:37–45.doi:10.1016/S0168-9452(99)00116-8.