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Dzyarzhynsk

Coordinates:53°41′00″N27°08′00″E/ 53.68333°N 27.13333°E/53.68333; 27.13333
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Dzyarzhynsk
Дзяржынск(Belarusian)
Дзержинск(Russian)
Dzerzhinsk
Town
Flag of Dzyarzhynsk
Flag
Coat of arms of Dzyarzhynsk
Coat of arms
Dzyarzhynsk is located in Belarus
Dzyarzhynsk
Dzyarzhynsk
Location of Dzyarzhynsk in Belarus
Coordinates:53°41′00″N27°08′00″E/ 53.68333°N 27.13333°E/53.68333; 27.13333
CountryBelarus
RegionMinsk Region
DistrictDzyarzhynsk District
Founded1146
Population
(2024)[1]
• Total29,796
Time zoneUTC+3(MSK)
Postal code
222720
Area code+375 1716
License plate5
WebsiteOfficial website

DzyarzhynskorDzerzhinsk(Belarusian:Дзяржынск,romanized:Dziarzhynsk;[a]Russian:Дзержинск), formerly known asKoydanavauntil 1932,[b][2]is a town inMinsk Region,Belarus.It serves as the administrative center ofDzyarzhynsk District.[1]As of 2024, it has a population of 29,796.[1]

History

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In theMiddle Ages,the village belonged to theRadziwiłłs,aPolish–Lithuanianaristocratic family.

Jewish community

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Jews lived in Koidanova as early as 1620.[3]Koidanova became the site of a newHasidicJewishdynastyin 1833 when Rabbi Shlomo Chaim Perlow (1797–1862) became the firstKoidanoverRebbe.[4]He was succeeded by his son, Rabbi Boruch Mordechai Perlow (1818–1870), grandson, RabbiAharon Perlow(1839–1897), and great-grandson, Rabbi Yosef Perlow of Koidanov-Minsk(1854-1915), who was the last Koidanover Rebbe to live in the town. After World War I, the dynasty was moved toBaranovichi,then inPoland.[5]

In 1847, Koidanova had 2,497 Jewish inhabitants.[3]In 1897, the city had a total population of 4,744, of whom 3,156 were Jews.[6]

Inter-war period

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The People's House in Dzyarzhynsk, capital of theDzierżyńszczyzna,in 1932

In May 1932, it was granted the status of a city and was renamedKoidanau(Belarusian:Ко́йданаў,romanized:Kojdanaŭ) orKoydanov(Russian:Ко́йданов,romanized:Koydanov). In June of that year it was renamed again as Dziaržynsk by theCommunistauthorities, in honour ofFelix Dzerzhinsky(1877–1926), a famous Bolshevik creator and chief of the "Extraordinary Commission" (CHEKA) – the Soviet secret police - who was born in a Dziaržynava estate not far from the city, although on the other side of the then Polish-Soviet border.[3]

The city was the capital of the short-livedDzierzynszczyznaPolish Autonomous Districtduring 1932–38.[3]

World War II

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It fell underGerman occupationduring World War II. It was captured on 28 June 1941.

TheLithuanianTwelfthSchutzmannschaft(auxiliary police) Battalion's 1st Company, led by Lieutenant Z. Kemzura, massacred approximately 1,600 Jews from the city on 21 October 1941, shooting them and throwing them into a pit; many were buried alive.[7][8][9]As it is reported inThe Complete Black Book of Russian Jewry:"For three hours the earth covering the mass grave would move; people still alive were trying to crawl out of their grave."[9]On 1–2 March 1942 theEinsatzgruppentransported several thousand Jews from throughout Belorussia and murdered them in Koidanov.[10]The city was liberated by the SovietRed Armyon 6 July 1944.[3]

Modern day

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Shopping centre in Dzyarzhynsk

In 1998, the city had 24,700 inhabitants.[11]

Now part of Belarus, the name Kojdanava (Belarusian:Койданава) is becoming popular again (it is the official name for therailway stationof Dzyarzhynsk), but the official name remains unchanged.[citation needed]

Geography

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The highest point of Belarus,Dzyarzhynskaya Hara,is several kilometers from Dzyarzhynsk.

Transport

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There is a rail route across the city fromMinsk Passazhirskyto Baranovichi Polesskie.

There is only one bus route in Dziarzhynsk; there are 18 stops.[citation needed]

Sport

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The local football club is theArsenal Dzerzhinsk,playing in theBelarusian First League.Its home ground is theCity Stadium.

Notable residents

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Notes

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  1. ^Official transliteration (2023).
  2. ^AlsoKoidanov;Belarusian:Койданава,romanized:Kojdanava;Russian:Койданов, Койданово,romanized:Koydanov, Koydanovo;Polish:Kojdanów;Yiddish:קוידאַנאָוו,romanized:Koydanov;Lithuanian:Kaidanava.

References

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  1. ^abc"Численность населения на 1 января 2024 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2023 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа".belsat.gov.by.Archived fromthe originalon 2 April 2024.Retrieved9 April2024.
  2. ^Экономическая история Беларуси(in Russian). Экоперспектива. 2001. p. 392.ISBN978-985-6598-81-7.
  3. ^abcde"Koidanova".Beljews.info.RetrievedAugust 20,2011.
  4. ^Glassman, Deborah G. (2004)."Rabbonim, Rebbes, and Crown Rabbis, of Lyakhovichi".JewishGen.Archived fromthe originalon February 22, 2015.RetrievedJune 20,2012.
  5. ^Nadler, Allen (2010)."Koidanov Hasidic Dynasty".The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe.RetrievedJune 20,2012.
  6. ^"Jewish population of Minsk uezd according to the 1897 Russian Census".beljews.info.RetrievedJune 20,2012.
  7. ^"Jewish Heritage Research Group in Belarus".Jhrgbelarus.org. October 21, 1941. Archived fromthe originalon December 25, 2017.RetrievedAugust 20,2011.
  8. ^Breitman, Richard(1997)."Himmler's Police Auxiliaries in the Occupied Soviet Territories".Simon Wiesenthal Center Multimedia Learning Center. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011.RetrievedAugust 20,2011.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  9. ^abPatterson, David (June 13, 2003).The Complete Black Book of Russian Jewry.ISBN9781412820073.RetrievedAugust 20,2011.
  10. ^United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (1995).Historical Atlas of the Holocaust.Macmillan / Simon & Schuster.ISBN978-0028974514.See inRoutes to Roots Foundation, Inc.ArchivedAugust 21, 2016, at theWayback Machine
  11. ^"BELARUS: urban population".Populstat.info. Archived fromthe originalon October 21, 2007.RetrievedAugust 20,2011.
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